Overview
Arthritis is the inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. It can affect people of all ages and varies in severity.
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis – wear-and-tear of joint cartilage Rheumatoid arthritis – autoimmune disorder affecting joints Psoriatic arthritis – associated with psoriasis Gout – caused by uric acid crystal buildup Ankylosing spondylitis – inflammation of the spine joints
Symptoms
Joint pain and tenderness Swelling and redness around joints Stiffness, especially in the morning or after rest Reduced flexibility and range of motion Fatigue and general malaise (in some types)
Causes
Wear-and-tear on joints (osteoarthritis) Autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis) Genetic factors Infections or post-injury joint damage Uric acid buildup (gout)
Diagnosis
Physical examination of joints Blood tests – for inflammation markers and autoimmune antibodies Imaging – X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to check joint damage Joint aspiration – analysis of joint fluid in some cases
Treatment
Medications – pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying drugs Physical therapy – to improve flexibility and strengthen muscles Lifestyle changes – maintaining a healthy weight, regular low-impact exercise Surgery – joint replacement or repair in severe cases Assistive devices – braces or supports for affected joints
Complications
Joint deformity and loss of function Reduced mobility and independence Chronic pain and fatigue Increased risk of osteoporosis or cardiovascular issues
Prevention
Maintain a healthy weight Stay active with joint-friendly exercises Eat a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods Avoid joint injuries and repetitive strain Regular medical check-ups for early detection