Overview
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing pain and stiffness. Over time, it can lead to fusion of the vertebrae, reducing flexibility. AS is more common in men and typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Symptoms
Chronic lower back pain and stiffness Pain that improves with exercise but not with rest Reduced flexibility of the spine Fatigue Hip or shoulder pain Occasionally eye inflammation (uveitis)
Causes
Exact cause unknown, but genetics play a major role Strong association with HLA-B27 gene Immune system dysfunction leading to chronic inflammation
Diagnosis
Medical history and physical examination Imaging: X-rays or MRI to detect inflammation and spinal changes Blood tests for HLA-B27 gene and markers of inflammation
Treatment
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Physical therapy to maintain mobility Biologic medications (e.g., TNF inhibitors) for severe cases Regular exercise and stretching Occasionally surgery for severe spinal deformities or hip replacement
Complications
Spinal fusion leading to reduced flexibility Postural changes and kyphosis Eye inflammation (uveitis) Heart or lung problems in rare cases
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent AS Early diagnosis and consistent management can reduce progression and improve quality of life Maintaining good posture and regular exercise