Overview
Altitude sickness , also called acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when you cannot get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes. It typically affects people who ascend rapidly to elevations above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet). Symptoms can be mild or severe, and in extreme cases, it can be life-threatening.
Symptoms
Headache Nausea and vomiting Dizziness or lightheadedness Fatigue or weakness Shortness of breath during exertion Loss of appetite Swelling of hands, feet, and face (in severe cases)
Causes
Altitude sickness occurs due to the lower oxygen levels at high elevations. Risk factors include:
Rapid ascent without acclimatization Previous history of altitude sickness High altitudes above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) Intense physical activity shortly after ascending Dehydration or inadequate nutrition
Diagnosis
Assessment of recent travel and altitude exposure Physical examination, checking for headache, swelling, and breathlessness Pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation levels Monitoring for signs of severe complications like high-altitude pulmonary or cerebral edema
Treatment
Descending to a lower altitude as soon as possible Rest and avoid strenuous activity Oxygen supplementation if available Medications such as acetazolamide to aid acclimatization Analgesics for headache relief Hydration and a high-carbohydrate diet
Complications
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) – swelling of the brain High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) – fluid in the lungs Severe hypoxia leading to organ failure or death if untreated
Prevention
Ascend gradually and allow time for acclimatization Avoid alcohol and sedatives while ascending Stay well-hydrated and eat a balanced diet Consider prophylactic medications like acetazolamide for at-risk individuals Monitor yourself and companions for early symptoms