The Impact of NSAID Use on Dementia Risk: Duration Matters

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, are commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fevers. While these medications are highly effective for symptom management, researchers are also exploring their potential long-term effects.<br /> <br /> A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society examined the relationship between NSAID use and dementia risk. Analyzing data from 11,745 participants, researchers found that using NSAIDs for more than two years was linked to a reduced risk of developing dementia. However, shorter-term use was associated with a slight increase in dementia risk.<br /> <br /> Interestingly, the total amount of NSAIDs taken did not influence dementia risk, emphasizing that the duration of use may play a crucial role in any potential protective effects.

Swapping Butter for Plant-Based Oils Linked to Lower Risk of Premature Death

A new study suggests that replacing butter with plant-based oils, particularly olive oil, soybean oil, and canola oil, may help reduce the risk of early death.<br /> <br /> Researchers found that substituting 10 grams of butter daily with an equivalent amount of plant-based oil was linked to a 17% decrease in overall mortality and a 17% reduction in cancer-related mortality. Experts emphasize the importance of incorporating healthy fats, especially those rich in omega-3 fatty acids, for overall well-being.<br /> <br /> The cohort study, recently published in JAMA Internal Medicine, analyzed data from over 200,000 participants across three major long-term studies: the Nurses’ Health Study (1990–2023), the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2023), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1990–2023). The research focused on individuals who had no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or neurodegenerative conditions.<br /> <br /> Participants’ butter consumption was assessed based on cooking and meal additions, while plant-based oil alternatives included olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, and safflower oil. Over a follow-up period of up to 33 years, participants completed food intake questionnaires at the start of the study and every four years.<br /> <br /> Findings indicated that replacing butter with plant-based oils was significantly associated with a lower risk of premature death, reinforcing the benefits of choosing healthier fat sources.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Rise in Measles Cases Sparks Interest in Vitamin A Supplements: What Experts Say

Measles cases have been on the rise in the United States, with over 200 reported across at least a dozen states. This outbreak has led to increased interest in vitamin A supplements as a potential treatment or preventive measure, following recent remarks by U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.<br /> <br /> As of March 7, the outbreak has affected more than 220 individuals, with one confirmed fatality and another under investigation. The most impacted areas include western Texas and New Mexico, while cases have also been recorded in California, New York, and Maryland. With spring break approaching, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has advised travelers to remain cautious.<br /> <br /> Historically, measles has been a well-controlled disease in the U.S., with occasional outbreaks, such as the Minnesota outbreak in 2017 and the Indiana outbreak in 2005, both primarily driven by undervaccination.<br /> <br /> Secretary Kennedy has suggested that vitamin A—available in supplements like cod liver oil—along with the steroid budesonide and the antibiotic clarithromycin, has shown promise in treating measles. While the CDC acknowledges vitamin A as a potential treatment, it continues to emphasize vaccination as the most effective defense against measles.<br /> <br /> To provide clarity on the role of vitamin A and other preventive measures, Medical News Today consulted two medical experts: Dr. Monica Gandhi, an infectious disease specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, and Dr. Danelle Fisher, a board-certified pediatrician at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Better Heart Health May Lower Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases

The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 serves as a guideline for managing seven modifiable risk factors for heart disease. Cardiovascular disease is also recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.<br /> <br /> A recent study has identified a connection between higher Life’s Simple 7 scores in older adults and a potential reduction in biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers highlight the importance of improving cardiovascular health, particularly for Black and African American populations, who face a higher risk of both heart disease and dementia.<br /> <br /> Originally introduced in 2010, Life’s Simple 7 promotes healthier lifestyle choices—such as quitting smoking, maintaining a balanced diet, and managing body mass index (BMI)—to reduce the risk of cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.<br /> <br /> The study, published in JAMA Network Open, emphasizes the potential impact of heart health education in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. According to lead author Dr. Anisa Dhana of Rush University Medical Center, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias pose a significant challenge for older adults and their caregivers. She underscores that focusing on prevention could have substantial public health benefits.<br /> <br /> “Since cardiovascular disease and dementia share common risk factors, we aimed to explore the role of Life’s Simple 7 in the neurodegeneration process,” Dhana explained.

The Potential Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Reducing Blood Clot Risk

Blood clot formation can lead to life-threatening conditions such as strokes and heart attacks, prompting experts to explore ways to reduce this risk. A recent study published in Life Metabolism suggests that intermittent fasting may help regulate the blood clotting process by increasing the production of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) through gut microorganisms.<br /> <br /> Researchers conducted experiments involving 160 human participants, blood samples, and mice. Their findings indicate that intermittent fasting may inhibit platelet activation and clot formation. Further studies in mice also revealed that fasting could potentially reduce brain and heart damage caused by disruptions in blood flow. These findings highlight intermittent fasting as a possible strategy for lowering the risk of clot-related complications.

Aspirin May Help Prevent Cancer Spread by Boosting Immune Response

Around half of all people will receive a cancer diagnosis at some point in their lives, typically in their later years. Cancer is most treatable when it remains confined to its original location, but it can become more dangerous if cancer cells break away and spread to other parts of the body.<br /> <br /> Researchers investigating cancer metastasis have found that aspirin may help prevent the spread of cancer by enhancing the body's immune response. In a study conducted on mice, aspirin enabled immune cells to eliminate migrating cancer cells more effectively. Ongoing human research aims to determine whether aspirin or similar drugs could help delay or prevent cancer recurrence.<br /> <br /> According to Cancer Research UK, half of those diagnosed with cancer in Wales and England survive at least 10 years post-diagnosis, with even higher survival rates for common cancers. Data from 2013-2017 shows that over 75% of individuals diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer in England were still alive a decade later.<br /> <br /> Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment, as more than 90% of cancer-related deaths occur after the disease has metastasized. Now, scientists from the University of Cambridge have identified how aspirin, an inexpensive and widely available medication, might help prevent the spread of certain cancers.<br /> <br /> Published in Nature, the study found that aspirin affects platelets—the small blood cells responsible for clotting—by reducing their production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a clotting factor that suppresses immune T cells. With lower TXA2 levels, T cells are better able to attack and destroy cancer cells attempting to spread.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

The Dangers of Expired Medication and Safe Disposal Methods

Using expired medication and disposing of it improperly can lead to serious health, economic, and environmental risks, warns pharmacy Professor Renier Coetzee, vice-president of the Pharmaceutical Society of South Africa.<br /> <br /> Expiration dates are determined through stability testing, ensuring that medicines remain safe and effective under proper storage conditions. Over time, medications degrade, losing potency and potentially becoming harmful.<br /> <br /> This is particularly concerning for antibiotics, as subtherapeutic doses (too weak to treat infections effectively) can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This makes infections harder to treat, increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and even death.<br /> <br /> Chronic disease medications, such as insulin and heart medications, may also lose potency over time, leading to serious health risks. Some medications, like ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic used to treat respiratory and urinary infections), can break down into toxic compounds that may harm the kidneys and pose environmental risks if not disposed of correctly.<br /> <br /> Storage conditions also play a role. Exposure to heat, humidity, and light can accelerate the breakdown of active ingredients. Even common medicines like paracetamol can become less effective over time, potentially leading to delayed treatment or overdose risks if users take higher doses to compensate for reduced potency.<br /> <br /> Liquid medications, such as cough syrups and eye drops, are particularly vulnerable to contamination after expiry, as their preservatives weaken, increasing the risk of bacterial growth and infections.<br /> <br /> Throwing expired or unused medicine in the trash or flushing it down the toilet is strongly discouraged by pharmacy professionals and regulatory bodies like the Pharmaceutical Society of South Africa and the South African Pharmacy Council.<br /> <br /> Improper disposal can lead to environmental contamination, as active pharmaceutical ingredients can leach into soil and groundwater, polluting drinking water sources. Medications flushed into sewage systems can bypass wastewater treatment processes, entering aquatic ecosystems and posing risks to both wildlife and human health.<br /> <br /> Trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in water supplies have been linked to antimicrobial resistance and endocrine disruption—interfering with hormones and potentially causing adverse health effects.<br /> <br /> The best way to dispose of expired or unused medications is through drug take-back programmes or authorised collection sites. In South Africa, only authorised personnel, such as pharmacists, are permitted to handle medication disposal, with a certificate of destruction required for record-keeping.<br /> <br /> Despite regulations, studies show that only 23.5% of healthcare professionals in South Africa properly dispose of medicines in their facilities, highlighting the need for better education and enforcement of pharmaceutical waste disposal practices.<br /> <br /> In many African countries, formal medication take-back programmes are limited. If no authorised disposal options are available, one alternative is to mix expired medication with undesirable substances (such as used coffee grounds or cat litter) before sealing the mixture in a plastic bag and discarding it in the trash. This method helps prevent accidental ingestion by children or animals and reduces environmental contamination.<br /> <br /> Ensuring the safe use and disposal of medications is crucial to protecting public health and the environment.

Advances in Stem Cell Treatment for Unilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD)

Researchers estimate that over 10 million people worldwide suffer from corneal blindness due to disease or injury to the eye’s cornea. Unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a condition caused by certain injuries, can result in severe vision loss. A new clinical trial is testing a promising stem cell treatment for LSCD, and preliminary results show that 50% of treated participants experienced full cornea restoration within three months.<br /> <br /> The cornea, the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye, plays a crucial role in vision by contributing up to 75% of the eye’s focusing power. LSCD occurs when there is a shortage of limbal stem cells, which are responsible for regenerating the cornea. This condition can lead to symptoms like eye pain, blurred vision, and even permanent vision loss.<br /> <br /> LSCD is typically caused by corneal injuries such as burns, chemical damage, or prolonged contact lens wear. Current treatment options for LSCD include surgical procedures like limbal stem cell transplants, corneal scraping, and amniotic membrane patching.

Oranges May Help Lower Depression Risk

An estimated 280 million people globally suffer from depressive disorder, a mental health condition that affects mood and self-perception. Various factors contribute to the risk of depression, such as family history, hormonal changes, chronic diseases, and ongoing stress.<br /> <br /> Previous research has highlighted that lifestyle modifications can help reduce the risk of developing depression, including engaging in physical activity, maintaining proper sleep, managing stress, and eating a balanced diet. Studies have also suggested that consuming certain foods, like olive oil and nuts, can be beneficial in lowering the risk.<br /> <br /> A new study published in Microbiome has now identified oranges as another food that may help decrease the risk of depression.

Blood Test for Biological Age May Predict Future Health Risks

Chronological age represents the number of years a person has lived, whereas biological age reflects the condition of their cells and organs. Experts suggest that biological age—whether of the entire body or individual organs—is a more accurate indicator of health and aging than chronological age.<br /> <br /> A recent study has revealed that a blood test capable of measuring the biological age of organs can predict the likelihood of developing health conditions many years in advance. Researchers believe this type of test could play a crucial role in identifying and preventing diseases such as heart disease and certain cancers.<br /> <br /> Biological age can differ significantly from chronological age due to genetic and lifestyle factors, and it can also vary across different organs within the same individual. Unlike chronological aging, which progresses at a fixed rate, biological aging can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors, leading to either accelerated or slowed aging.<br /> <br /> The gap between these two measures, known as the age gap, can indicate overall health. A negative age gap, where biological age is lower than chronological age, suggests slower aging and better health, whereas a positive age gap indicates faster-than-expected aging.<br /> <br /> Researchers from University College London in the United Kingdom have discovered that a blood test assessing the biological age of organs can predict health risks years, or even decades, in advance. Their findings, published in The Lancet Digital Health, suggest that accelerated aging in a particular organ increases the risk of diseases affecting the entire body.

The Impact of Antidepressants on Cognitive Decline in Dementia Patients

A recent study conducted in Sweden explored the effects of antidepressants on cognitive decline in individuals diagnosed with dementia. The research involved nearly 19,000 dementia patients, with approximately 23% receiving antidepressants for depression.<br /> <br /> The findings revealed that cognitive decline was more pronounced in those taking antidepressants compared to those who did not. Additionally, certain types of antidepressants appeared to accelerate cognitive deterioration more than others. However, researchers emphasized that depression itself could also play a role in the faster decline observed.<br /> <br /> Dementia affects millions worldwide, and scientists continue to work on early detection methods, improved treatments, and strategies to slow symptom progression.

The Impact of Vitamin B12 Levels on Cognitive Health in Older Adults

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is essential for nerve function, brain health, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. It is primarily found in animal-based foods such as fish, meat, eggs, and dairy, as well as in fortified cereals, nutritional yeast, and supplements.<br /> <br /> Although vitamin B12 deficiency is rare, low or borderline levels are common, affecting up to 40% of Western populations. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend a daily intake of 2.4 micrograms for individuals over 14 years old.<br /> <br /> A recent study in older adults suggests that both lower and higher vitamin B12 levels, even within the normal range, may be linked to cognitive decline. This finding highlights the importance of maintaining balanced B12 levels for optimal brain health.

The Impact of Dairy and Diet on Gut Microbiome Health

A well-balanced gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy digestive system. Different foods influence the microbiome in various ways, shaping overall gut health.<br /> <br /> A recent study reveals that different dairy products have distinct effects on gut bacteria. Researchers found that increased milk consumption was associated with a rise in two types of bacteria that may promote gut health. In contrast, higher cheese intake appeared to reduce levels of another beneficial bacterial strain.<br /> <br /> <br /> The gut microbiome has gained significant attention for its role in digestive health, as it aids in breaking down food and producing essential nutrients. Emerging research indicates that a well-maintained microbiome may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and leaky gut syndrome.<br /> <br /> <br /> Diet plays a crucial role in shaping gut bacteria. Whole foods rich in dietary fiber help support a healthy microbiome, while certain ultra-processed foods may negatively impact gut health.

Mozambican Business Community Raises Concerns Over QUNTROLs Role in Medicine Quality Testing

Mozambican businesspeople have voiced concerns regarding the practices of QUNTROL, a company that allegedly charges fees for testing the quality of medicines imported from India, despite lacking the necessary laboratories or infrastructure to conduct such tests.<br /> <br /> Additionally, QUNTROL is said to duplicate the functions of the Mozambique Medicines Regulatory Authority (ANARME), raising concerns within the sector about its impact on foreign trade.<br /> <br /> The issue was highlighted last week by Agostinho Vuma, president of the Confederation of Economic Associations (CTA), during the 18th edition of the Economic Briefing, a quarterly private-sector event.<br /> <br /> According to Vuma, the situation began in 2017 when ANARME issued a circular notifying importers about the presence of a company responsible for testing the quality of medicines from India. However, manufacturers soon discovered that QUNTROL was not a laboratory but an institution created for this purpose, lacking the necessary structure for the task.<br /> <br /> "In reality, we do not fully understand the purpose of this company’s creation, other than for extortion, since it lacks laboratories and currently performs the same role as ANARME," Vuma stated.<br /> <br /> Contrary to its intended purpose, QUNTROL reportedly does not conduct quality testing but merely inspects packaging and presentation. This practice, critics argue, allows substandard products to enter Mozambique, undermining efforts to ensure medicine quality.<br /> <br /> The CTA attributes the ongoing challenges to inconsistencies in product inspection terminology, despite referring to the same goods. Vuma further explained that QUNTROL charges exporters an inspection fee, which is then passed on to importers. However, this cost is not reflected in the official price list, affecting final price calculations.<br /> <br /> Following multiple discussions between the Mozambique Association of Importers and Producers of Medicines (AIPROMEM) and the then National Directorate of Pharmacies (DNF), stakeholders questioned the criteria used by the Ministry of Health (MISAU) and DNF in selecting a laboratory or company for quality testing. Without a clear response, authorities later stated that QUNTROL represented the DNF in India, eventually issuing a decree on the matter.

Rethinking Medication Dosages: How Body Weight and Sex Influence Drug Absorption

New research from Leiden University suggests that body weight and sex play a greater role in how medications are absorbed and processed than previously believed. These findings challenge standard dosing guidelines, particularly for overweight patients, and raise concerns about current medical practices.<br /> <br /> Catherijne Knibbe, a hospital pharmacist at St. Antonius Hospital and professor of pharmacotherapy, has heard a common complaint from overweight patients: “Paracetamol doesn’t work for me.”<br /> <br /> “Painkillers may be ineffective because the dosage isn’t sufficient for someone with a higher body weight,” Knibbe explained. “However, in some cases, weight isn’t the only factor, which is why further research is necessary.”<br /> <br /> Despite the widespread use of medications, studies on how weight impacts drug absorption remain limited. Researcher Koen van Rhee from Leiden University investigated the effects of weight on medications for infectious diseases. Collaborating with Knibbe and St. Antonius Hospital, he examined how weight influences drug distribution in the body.<br /> <br /> Van Rhee focused on two medications: the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and the antifungal fluconazole. Since no official guidelines exist for adjusting their dosages based on weight, improper dosing can either render the medication ineffective or increase the risk of serious side effects.<br /> <br /> The study found that drug absorption is influenced not only by weight but also by sex.<br /> <br /> “Men generally weigh more, but that doesn’t always mean they require higher doses,” Van Rhee explained. His research revealed that while men and women of the same weight (80 kg) required different fluconazole doses to reach equivalent blood concentrations, the same variation was not observed with ciprofloxacin.<br /> <br /> “This shows that the impact of weight and sex on drug absorption differs depending on the medication,” Van Rhee said.<br /> <br /> For patients like Nienke Cnossen, determining the correct medication dosage has been a challenge. Weighing 172 kilograms before undergoing two gastric reduction surgeries, she lost over 100 kilograms. “Life has literally become lighter,” she shared.<br /> <br /> Despite her significant weight loss, Cnossen continues to face medical difficulties. She was eventually diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a rare connective tissue disorder. “Being overweight didn’t help, but it wasn’t the cause of my condition,” she said.<br /> <br /> Adjusting medication doses before and after her surgeries has been complex. “Now that I’ve lost weight, how much should I take? Do I absorb medications better or worse?” she questioned. These uncertainties remain unresolved.<br /> <br /> Ömrüm Aydin, chair of the Dutch Foundation for Overweight (Nederlandse Stichting Over Gewicht), highlighted the need to address bias in healthcare.<br /> <br /> “Breaking the stigma around obesity is crucial to improving medical care for overweight patients,” Aydin said. “If obesity is viewed solely as the patient’s responsibility, there’s little motivation to advance research or ensure adequate treatment coverage.”<br /> <br /> Van Rhee hopes his findings will be swiftly integrated into clinical practice. “The advantage of this research is that it can be applied immediately,” he noted. “And large test groups aren’t necessary—55 patients were enough to study two medications.”<br /> <br /> Cnossen, now an advocate for overweight patients, regularly engages with doctors to improve healthcare for individuals facing similar challenges. Many of their concerns remain unanswered.<br /> <br /> “How does my weight impact surgery? Will painkillers work effectively? What steps can I take myself?” she asked.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Potential Health Risks of Aspartame: Study Links Artificial Sweetener to Cardiovascular Disease

Artificial sweeteners have long served as low-calorie sugar substitutes. While most contain some calories, they are significantly sweeter than sugar, requiring only small amounts to achieve the desired sweetness in foods and beverages.<br /> <br /> Research has linked artificial sweeteners to various health concerns, including digestive issues, neurological symptoms, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A recent study in mice suggests that aspartame may contribute to heart disease by triggering insulin spikes, leading to the accumulation of fatty plaques in arteries—a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.<br /> <br /> Artificial sweeteners are widely used in a range of products, including baked goods, soft drinks, candy, dairy products, jams, canned foods, and even savory items such as sauces, ready meals, and bread. The FDA has approved six artificial sweeteners for use in food: aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, neotame, and advantame.<br /> <br /> Aspartame, one of the most commonly used artificial sweeteners, is found in products under brand names like NutraSweet®, Equal®, and Sugar Twin®. It is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar, meaning only a small amount is needed, despite containing some calories.<br /> <br /> Studies suggest that frequent consumption of artificial sweeteners may have negative health effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, taste alterations, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The latest research highlights how aspartame may contribute to cardiovascular disease by stimulating insulin release, which promotes the buildup of arterial plaques, a condition known as atherosclerosis.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Debunking Egg Myths: Understanding Their Nutritional Benefits

Eggs are often regarded as a nearly perfect food due to their rich protein content and an array of essential nutrients. However, for decades, debates have persisted regarding their potential link to high cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease.<br /> <br /> In light of updated research, the 2015 dietary guidelines eliminated previous restrictions on egg consumption, reinforcing their role as a healthy dietary choice. Despite these changes, a recent study indicates that lingering misconceptions about eggs may still deter individuals from making them a staple in their diets.<br /> <br /> Eggs provide numerous health benefits, supplying vital nutrients such as lutein, choline, vitamin A, and vitamin B12. Research also suggests that consuming eggs positively impacts brain function, the immune system, muscle development, and eye health.<br /> <br /> A study published in the journal Nutrients in 2021 revealed that many people continue to limit their egg intake due to concerns over cholesterol. This highlights the need for further education among both the public and healthcare professionals regarding the true health benefits of eggs.<br /> <br /> It is worth noting that this research was supported by an unrestricted grant from the American Egg Board’s Egg Nutrition Center (Award #20194881), though the authors reported no conflicts of interest.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: New Biomarker Identified

The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, with these abnormal protein clumps closely linked to the progression of the disease. Researchers have now developed a method to detect the earliest stages of their formation, which could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment.<br /> <br /> Though the accumulation of specific proteins in the brain is associated with Alzheimer's, by the time these proteins are visible in brain scans, the disease has already progressed, reducing the effectiveness of medications.<br /> <br /> A recent study published in Nature Medicine has uncovered a potential biomarker that could enable doctors to detect the early signs of protein buildup before significant damage occurs.<br /> <br /> "Detecting Alzheimer’s disease before irreversible neurodegeneration could improve the efficacy of available treatments," stated Jennifer Bramen, PhD, a senior research scientist and director of neuroimaging at the Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, who was not involved in the study.

$300M in Medication at Risk of Expiration Due to Trump’s Foreign Aid Freeze, Senator Claims

In mid-February 2025, a photograph circulating on social media purportedly showed $300 million worth of medication sitting idle in a warehouse, nearing expiration due to U.S. President Donald Trump's freeze on foreign aid spending.<br /> <br /> Sen. Chris Coons (D-Del.) shared the image on X (archived) on Feb. 12, stating that the medications were intended to prevent blindness from a treatable tropical disease but were instead "wasting away in an East African warehouse" due to Trump’s policy. The claim also spread across Threads and Facebook (archived). Another X user who reposted the image described it as an example of vital medicine stranded in warehouses worldwide because of the aid suspension.<br /> <br /> On Jan. 20, 2025, Trump issued an executive order imposing a 90-day freeze on U.S. foreign aid programs and significantly cutting back the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the primary federal agency responsible for distributing aid. The move placed all directly hired USAID employees on leave and recalled thousands of personnel working overseas.<br /> <br /> However, on Jan. 29, Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a waiver exempting certain lifesaving humanitarian programs from the freeze, allowing them to continue operating.<br /> <br /> A spokesperson from Coons' office clarified via email that the medications in the photograph were part of USAID’s Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) program, which was not included in Rubio’s waiver. Coons, who co-chairs the Senate Caucus on Malaria and NTDs, argued that without an exemption, these medicines could go to waste.<br /> <br /> According to the spokesperson, an anonymous individual affiliated with the NTD program took the image on Feb. 6 in a Tanzanian warehouse. Most of the visible boxes reportedly contained the antibiotic Zithromax, donated by pharmaceutical company Pfizer. The spokesperson warned that if the NTD program remained suspended, the medications could expire without reaching those in need.<br /> <br /> Details regarding the exact quantity of Zithromax in the warehouse or its cost per dose were not provided.<br /> <br /> Snopes reached out to Pfizer for comment and will update this report upon receiving a response.<br /> <br /> On Feb. 13, a federal judge in Washington, D.C., issued a temporary suspension of Trump’s foreign aid freeze. The ruling mandated that the administration notify all organizations with existing federal contracts about the temporary relief and required an update on compliance by Feb. 18. However, uncertainty remains regarding the resumption of funding.<br /> <br /> Previously, we reported on the series of decisions that briefly halted the distribution of lifesaving HIV medication.

Russians Turn to Local Ozempic Alternatives After Novo Nordisk’s Exit

Following Novo Nordisk’s withdrawal from Russia, local pharmaceutical companies have stepped in to fill the gap with their own versions of Ozempic, a diabetes medication also used for weight loss.<br /> <br /> Five Russian brands have taken over the market after the drug largely vanished from pharmacy shelves due to the exit of Western companies in response to Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In response, the Kremlin authorized “compulsory licenses,” allowing domestic manufacturers to produce the drug without adhering to patent restrictions, citing the need to maintain supply for hundreds of thousands of type 2 diabetes patients.<br /> <br /> Geropharm, a leading player in this new market, began mass-producing its version, Semavic, within nine months, sourcing active ingredients from China's Zhejiang Peptites Biotech. Along with competitors Promomed and PSK Pharma, these companies have seen rapid sales growth.<br /> <br /> Semavic sold over a million packs in its first full year, making it one of Russia’s top three bestselling drugs by late 2023, surpassing common cold medications like Nurofen, according to Russian analytics firm DSM Group. A month’s supply of Semavic costs approximately $44 in Russia, while remaining stock of original Ozempic is priced at about $55 due to government-imposed price caps. In contrast, the drug can cost over $1,000 in the U.S. without insurance.

Tricaprin Supplementation Shows Promise for Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy Treatment

Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy is a recently identified heart condition that impairs the breakdown of triglycerides in heart cells, ultimately leading to heart failure. Researchers are actively exploring effective treatment options for this condition.<br /> <br /> A recent study investigated the effects of tricaprin, a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) found in coconut oil and dairy products, on individuals with triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy. Participants who received tricaprin supplementation experienced significant cardiac benefits compared to those who did not. These benefits included improved fat metabolism, sustained heart failure recovery, enhanced left ventricular function, and increased long-term survival rates.<br /> <br /> The findings highlight the potential of tricaprin as a promising intervention for improving heart failure outcomes in individuals with triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy. Experts continue to explore the most effective treatments for emerging heart conditions.

Yogurt with Live Bacteria May Reduce Risk of Certain Colorectal Cancers

Yogurt containing live bacteria is believed to help protect against various diseases, including some types of cancer. While the exact mechanism remains unclear, experts suggest its benefits may stem from its impact on the gut microbiome.<br /> <br /> A recent study published in Gut Microbes and led by researchers from Mass General Brigham found that consuming yogurt with live bacteria regularly may lower the risk of a specific type of colorectal cancer. The study revealed that individuals who consumed at least two servings of live yogurt per week had a 20% reduced likelihood of developing Bifidobacterium-positive bowel tumors.<br /> <br /> Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer globally, accounting for over 10% of all cancer cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Several lifestyle factors, including sedentary behavior, smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, and a diet high in processed meats but low in fruits and vegetables, can increase the risk of developing the disease.<br /> <br /> Maintaining a balanced, high-fiber diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, calcium, and dairy products is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. This study further suggests that incorporating live yogurt into one’s diet may contribute to reducing the risk of certain colorectal tumors by supporting a healthy gut microbiome.

FDA Approves First New Class of Pain Medication in Over Two Decades

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Journavx, the first drug in its class designed to treat moderate to severe acute pain in adults without the addictive risks associated with opioids, which have been the primary option for pain management for the past 20 years.<br /> <br /> Developed by Boston-based Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Journavx (suzetrigine) will be available as a twice-daily oral tablet priced at $15 per dose.<br /> <br /> The medication works by blocking pain signals before they reach the brain, specifically targeting sodium channels in the peripheral nervous system.<br /> <br /> "Today's approval is an important public health milestone in acute pain management," said FDA spokesperson Jacqueline Corrigan-Curay, J.D., M.D. "It provides patients with another treatment option."<br /> <br /> Journavx’s effectiveness was demonstrated in two randomized, double-blind clinical trials for acute surgical pain. Both studies showed a statistically significant reduction in pain compared to a placebo, confirming its potential as a viable alternative to traditional painkillers.<br /> <br /> The safety of Journavx was assessed primarily through pooled data from double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trials involving 874 surgical patients, along with additional findings from a single-arm, open-label study with 256 participants.<br /> <br /> The most frequently reported side effects included itching, muscle spasms, elevated creatine phosphokinase levels in the blood, and skin rashes. Patients are also advised to avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit-containing products while taking Journavx. However, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting the medication.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Semaglutide Shows Promise in Reducing Alcohol and Cigarette Consumption

A recent study suggests that semaglutide, a medication commonly prescribed for diabetes and obesity, may also help reduce alcohol intake. Researchers found that weekly injections of semaglutide lowered alcohol cravings, decreased consumption, and reduced the number of heavy drinking days in individuals with alcohol use disorder.<br /> <br /> Participants receiving the drug drank less in a controlled lab setting and reported fewer cravings compared to those given a placebo. Notably, semaglutide appeared to have a stronger effect on drinking behavior than existing FDA-approved treatments for alcohol use disorder.<br /> <br /> Additionally, a small subgroup of smokers experienced a reduction in cigarette consumption while taking semaglutide. These findings highlight the drug’s potential role in addressing addiction, though further research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness and ideal dosing.

High HDL Cholesterol Linked to Increased Glaucoma Risk

A recent publication in the British Journal of Ophthalmology suggests that older adults with excessively high levels of "good" HDL cholesterol may face a greater risk of developing glaucoma. In contrast, researchers found that individuals with elevated levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol appeared to have a lower risk of the condition.<br /> <br /> Glaucoma, often called the "silent thief of sight," is a progressive eye disease that affects the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and, in severe cases, blindness. With no known cure, early detection is crucial, yet the disease often presents no symptoms in its initial stages.<br /> <br /> Several factors contribute to glaucoma risk, including genetics, age, ethnicity, and underlying health conditions such as diabetes, migraines, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. This new research adds cholesterol levels to the list of potential risk factors, offering new insights into the complex nature of glaucoma.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

The Truth About Juice Cleanses: Benefits, Risks, and Scientific Findings

Short juice cleanses have gained popularity and are often marketed with claims that they help remove toxins, improve digestion, and promote weight loss. These cleanses typically involve consuming only fruit and vegetable juices for a period of three to seven days.<br /> <br /> Despite their widespread appeal, scientific evidence supporting their health benefits is limited. A recent study suggests that, rather than being beneficial, juice cleanses may actually be harmful. The study found that following a juice-only diet for just three days can alter the gut microbiome, increasing inflammatory bacteria while reducing beneficial ones.<br /> <br /> Juice cleanses can be done by making fresh juices at home or purchasing commercially available options, which are often expensive. While advocates claim that juice cleanses can detoxify the body, aid in weight loss, and promote beneficial gut bacteria, most supporting evidence is anecdotal.<br /> <br /> Health experts, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), warn that some detox products may contain harmful or illegal ingredients and are sometimes marketed with misleading health claims. Additionally, juice-only diets may not provide sufficient energy or essential nutrients, making them unsuitable for individuals with certain health conditions, such as diabetes. Furthermore, they rarely lead to sustainable weight loss.

FDA Approves Suzetrigine: A Breakthrough Non-Opioid Painkiller

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved suzetrigine, marking the first non-opioid painkiller approval in over two decades. This development is significant as medical professionals have been actively working to reduce opioid use, particularly in post-surgical pain management. Studies show that patients taking opioids for more than a week after surgery double their risk of long-term use, with around 6% of surgical patients in the U.S. becoming persistent opioid users—even if they had never taken opioids before.<br /> <br /> Suzetrigine offers a promising alternative by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells responsible for transmitting pain signals. Unlike traditional local anesthetics such as lidocaine, which affect sodium channels throughout the body—including those controlling heart, brain, and respiratory functions—suzetrigine is designed to target pain without these systemic risks.<br /> <br /> While the concept of using sodium channel blockers for pain relief is well established, previous efforts have been hindered by the widespread presence of these proteins in the body. Uncontrolled blockage poses serious risks, including potential fatal outcomes. However, the approval of suzetrigine represents a major step forward in providing effective pain relief without the dangers of opioid addiction or systemic anesthetic side effects.

SAs Healthcare Crisis: Profmed Launches Platform to Connect Unempoyed Doctors with Opportunities

South Africa is facing a perplexing healthcare crisis characterized by a shortage of medical professionals in certain regions while hundreds of qualified doctors remain unemployed. To tackle this issue, Profmed has introduced a new platform, www.finDR.doctor, aimed at connecting young doctors seeking employment with medical facilities in need of their skills.<br /> <br /> According to Profmed CEO Craig Comrie, this initiative is a critical intervention at a time when effective solutions are urgently required. The platform is designed not only to facilitate job opportunities but also to offer an incentive of six months of free Profmed medical aid to the first 100 unemployed graduate doctors under 30 who register on finDR.<br /> <br /> Comrie stated that finDR is a reflection of Profmed’s long-standing commitment to supporting the medical profession, a mission they have upheld since the 1960s. He emphasized that the platform addresses the employment gap among doctors while alleviating pressure on the healthcare system, ultimately making quality care more accessible across South Africa.<br /> <br /> In January 2025, the South African Medical Association (SAMA) raised concerns about over 1,800 qualified doctors who have completed their community service but are unable to find employment. The South African Medical Association Trade Union (SAMATU) echoed these concerns, noting that unemployed doctors have protested in Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape, demanding job opportunities amid the unemployment crisis.<br /> <br /> Dr. Cedric Sihlangu, the general secretary of SAMATU, pointed out that a significant challenge in the healthcare sector is the high number of unemployed doctors who have completed their community service. Despite extensive training and a pressing need for healthcare services in many areas, these professionals remain in a state of uncertainty.<br /> <br /> Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi acknowledged the concerns raised by doctors and unions, recognizing the mounting pressure on the Department of Health to hire unemployed doctors. However, he noted that budget constraints limit new appointments and encouraged doctors to consider opportunities in the private sector and abroad.<br />

New Test Predicts Bowel Cancer Risk in IBD Patients with 90% Accuracy

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, face a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation, which can lead to abnormal cell growth (dysplasia) and precancerous polyps in the intestinal tract.<br /> <br /> To monitor this risk, patients with IBD typically undergo colorectal cancer screening via colonoscopy every one to three years. However, previous research indicates that identifying precancerous cells in these individuals can be challenging.<br /> <br /> Researchers from The Institute of Cancer Research in London have developed a new test that reportedly predicts bowel cancer risk in people with IBD with 90% accuracy, offering a potential breakthrough in early detection and prevention.<br />

FDA Approves JOURNAVX™, a New Non-Opioid Pain Medication

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved JOURNAVX™ (suzetrigine), the first oral medication of its kind, for treating adults with moderate to severe acute pain. Developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, JOURNAVX represents a significant advancement in pain management by providing effective and well-tolerated relief without the risk of opioid addiction. Priced at $15.50 per 50 mg pill in the U.S., the medication has been approved for a twice-daily dosage regimen.<br /> <br /> Acute pain affects over 80 million Americans each year and is defined as lasting less than three months. Addressing this widespread issue with improved treatment options is essential to enhancing patient outcomes and reducing economic and societal burdens. JOURNAVX introduces an innovative, non-opioid solution, reflecting a broader shift toward safer and more effective pain management strategies. This breakthrough paves the way for further advancements in treating both acute and chronic pain without opioid dependence.<br /> <br /> JOURNAVX works by specifically targeting the NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel, a crucial component in transmitting pain signals through nociceptors—neurons in the peripheral nervous system that detect pain. Unlike traditional painkillers that act on the central nervous system, JOURNAVX blocks these signals at the peripheral level, minimizing the risks associated with opioid use. This distinct mechanism makes it the first approved medication in a new class of non-opioid pain relievers.<br /> <br /> The FDA's approval follows rigorous evaluation in two randomized, double-blind clinical trials involving patients undergoing abdominoplasty and bunionectomy. Participants who received JOURNAVX experienced significantly greater pain reduction compared to those on a placebo, with ibuprofen available as a rescue medication for breakthrough pain.<br /> <br /> The safety profile of JOURNAVX was assessed using data from 874 participants in these trials, supported by a separate open-label study involving 256 patients with various acute pain conditions. The most commonly reported side effects included itching, muscle spasms, elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, and rash.

Lion’s Mane Mushroom: A Rising Star in Health and Wellness

Lion’s mane mushrooms are gaining recognition as a potential powerhouse supplement for overall well-being. Praised for their ability to enhance memory, sharpen focus, and even support neural regeneration, these fungi are drawing significant attention.<br /> <br /> While research is still in its early stages, initial findings are promising. According to Healthline, lion’s mane contains compounds called hericenones and erinacines, which may promote brain cell growth and help protect against cognitive decline. A 2020 human study found that individuals with mild Alzheimer’s who took lion’s mane for 49 weeks experienced improved cognitive function.<br /> <br /> Beyond brain health, lion’s mane may offer additional benefits. WebMD notes that these compounds could help alleviate anxiety and depression by supporting hippocampus function, a brain region critical for memory and emotion.<br /> <br /> The mushroom’s potential extends further, with supplement experts highlighting its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may reduce oxidative stress—a key contributor to chronic diseases. Research also suggests it could support digestive health by preventing ulcers and inhibiting harmful bacteria. Additionally, studies indicate lion’s mane may aid nerve repair, offering potential hope for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative conditions.

U.S. Funding Halt Forces Closure of South African HIV Clinics

Engage Men's Health, a nonprofit organization in South Africa, has been providing free HIV testing and preventive medications at three clinics across the country. However, as of Monday, the organization has ceased operations following an order from the U.S. government to stop all activities immediately.<br /> <br /> The closure comes in response to a directive issued on Friday by the Trump administration, halting all global health funding, including support for the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Notices on the organization's website and social media confirm that the clinics will remain closed until further notice.

The Link Between REM Sleep and Alzheimers Disease: New Insights

Alzheimers disease and related dementias are complex disorders with no current cure. Recent research has focused on the relationship between sleep patterns and Alzheimers disease, particularly how the time taken to reach the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep may be indicative of the disease.<br /> <br /> A study published in Alzheimers & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association found that longer REM sleep latency (REML) is associated with key plasma biomarkers linked to Alzheimers disease. Researchers suggest that delayed REM sleep could serve as a potential marker for early detection or a risk factor for these conditions.<br /> <br /> REM sleep is crucial for mental and physical well-being, aiding in information processing and memory consolidation. The study involved 128 participants aged 50 and older, including individuals with Alzheimers disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal cognition. Participants underwent polysomnography to monitor their sleep patterns, along with PET scans to assess amyloid beta levels, a key indicator of Alzheimers disease.<br /> <br /> The findings revealed that participants with longer REML exhibited higher levels of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181) and amyloid beta, alongside lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These results were independent of cognitive status or APOE ε4 status, a gene associated with increased Alzheimers risk.<br /> <br /> Dr. Yue Leng, an associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, stated that REM sleep, particularly the time taken to enter this stage, is potentially significant for Alzheimer’s disease. While the correlation between REM sleep latency and Alzheimers disease is noteworthy, further research is needed to determine if this relationship is causal.<br /> <br /> The study has limitations, including its cross-sectional design, which prevents establishing causation. The sample size was relatively small and homogenous, consisting primarily of Han Chinese participants over 50. Additionally, the sleep study was conducted over one night, which may not accurately reflect participants' typical sleep patterns.<br /> <br /> Experts like Dr. Giulio Taglialatela, who was not involved in the study, acknowledged that while the findings are intriguing, the limited number of participants compromises the statistical power of the results. Dr. Alex Dimitriu emphasized that this research shifts the focus from slow-wave sleep to REM sleep in the context of Alzheimers disease, highlighting the importance of all sleep stages.<br /> <br /> In conclusion, while the study underscores the potential link between delayed REM sleep and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, more extensive research is necessary to explore the clinical implications and possible interventions. Identifying prolonged REML could aid in early detection and risk modification for Alzheimers disease and related dementias.<br />

Intensive Blood Pressure Control May Lower Dementia Risk in High-Risk Adults

A new study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine suggests that intensive blood pressure control in adults with hypertension and high cardiovascular risk can help reduce the long-term risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.<br /> <br /> With projections estimating that over 9 million Americans may develop dementia by 2030 and nearly 12 million by 2040, cognitive decline remains a growing concern. Mild cognitive impairment, a transitional phase between normal aging and dementia, is also expected to rise.<br /> <br /> Uncontrolled high blood pressure not only increases the risk of cardiovascular disease but also contributes to cognitive decline and dementia. Research indicates that more than half of Americans will develop hypertension by age 50.<br /> <br /> The study, recently published in Neurology, explored the impact of intensive versus standard blood pressure management on cognitive health, highlighting the potential benefits of aggressive hypertension treatment in reducing dementia risk.

Funding Freeze for HIV/AIDS Organizations in South Africa Raises Alarm

Health advocates have expressed serious concerns regarding the Trump administration's funding freeze for HIV/AIDS organizations in South Africa, warning of its devastating consequences. Bhekisisa editor Mia Malan highlighted that the effects of this decision are already being felt across the country.<br /> <br /> Malan pointed out that the Green Point Clinic of the Hanover Health Institute, known as the Ivan Toms Clinic for Men, has closed in Cape Town, along with transgender clinics operated by the Wits Reproductive Health Institute in Hillbrow. She emphasized that the lack of access to life-saving medication significantly increases patients vulnerability.<br /> <br /> According to Malan, the closure of clinics that primarily serve men and transgender individuals means that these populations are unable to access necessary treatments and testing. She noted that scientific evidence indicates that interrupting HIV treatment can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to various illnesses.<br /> <br /> Malan reiterated the critical nature of these services, stating that the inability to receive treatment and testing poses a serious risk to the health of those affected. The funding freeze has created a precarious situation for many who rely on these essential healthcare services, further exacerbating the challenges faced by vulnerable communities in South Africa.<br /> <br /> The ongoing impact of this funding decision underscores the urgent need for continued support and resources for HIV/AIDS organizations to ensure that individuals can access the care they need to maintain their health and well-being.<br />

Addressing Mental Health in Chronic Vascular Disease Management in South Africa

Chronic vascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke, are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in South Africa. Approximately 1 in 3 South African adults (33.7%) suffer from hypertension, a significant risk factor for severe health issues. The prevalence of these conditions has increased, with deaths from major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rising by 58.7% over 20 years, from 103,428 in 1997 to 164,205 in 2018.<br /> <br /> The mental health implications of CVDs are substantial, as patients often experience anxiety, depression, and emotional distress, which can negatively impact their overall well-being and treatment outcomes. Dr. Vinesh Padayachy, a prominent vascular surgeon in Durban, emphasizes the necessity of addressing mental health alongside physical treatment, stating that a holistic approach is essential due to the deep connection between mind and body.<br /> In South Africa, the burden of mental health disorders is significant, yet comprehensive data linking these disorders to chronic vascular diseases is limited. Despite this, it is well-known that individuals with chronic illnesses face a higher risk of mental health issues. The challenges of CVDs, including lifestyle limitations and fear of complications, can lead to emotional distress and isolation. Padayachy highlights the importance of integrating mental health support into treatment plans.<br /> <br /> He advocates for a multidisciplinary strategy that includes psychological counseling, lifestyle modifications, mindfulness practices, medication adherence, and family support. He stresses the need for increased awareness and proactive measures to address mental health challenges associated with vascular diseases, urging healthcare providers to adopt an integrative approach that combines medical treatment with psychological and social support. By prioritizing both physical and mental health, individuals with chronic vascular diseases can lead fulfilling lives despite their medical challenges.<br />

The Impact of ADHD on Life Expectancy: Study Findings and Support Strategies

A recent study estimates that adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a shorter life expectancy compared to those without the condition. Published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, the research suggests that females with ADHD live an average of 8.64 years less, while males with ADHD have a reduced lifespan by 6.78 years.<br /> <br /> According to the authors, this disparity is not directly caused by ADHD itself but is likely linked to co-existing health conditions, unmet medical needs, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and substance use. Below, we explore the study’s key findings and share expert advice on how to support loved ones with ADHD.

FDA Expands Approval of Spravato Nasal Spray for Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most commonly diagnosed mental health condition worldwide, with the number of cases increasing annually. Currently, hundreds of millions of people live with MDD, and past studies reveal that only 30% achieve full remission with a single antidepressant, while 50% experience no response at all.<br /> <br /> Dr. Gregory Mattingly, a principal investigator with the Midwest Research Group and founding partner of St. Charles Psychiatric Associates, noted that depression rates in the United States have nearly doubled in the past two decades. He highlighted that around 21 million adults in the U.S. experience at least one major depressive episode, with a third facing treatment-resistant depression. MDD not only impacts individuals but also places a significant emotional and economic strain on families and society, making it one of the costliest psychiatric disorders.<br /> <br /> In response to this challenge, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the approval of Spravato (esketamine), a nasal spray developed by Johnson & Johnson. Initially approved in 2019, Spravato is now authorized for adults with MDD who have not responded to at least two oral antidepressants. This innovative treatment offers new hope for those struggling with hard-to-treat depression.

Systematic Review Links Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Antibiotics, Antivirals, and Vaccines to Reduced Dementia Risk

A new systematic review suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen, along with antibiotics, antiviral medications, and vaccines, may be associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Dementia currently affects over 55 million people worldwide, with Alzheimer’s disease accounting for up to 70% of cases. The global cost of dementia care exceeds $1 trillion annually.<br /> <br /> Conducted by researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom, the review was published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. It analyzed data from 14 studies, encompassing more than 130 million individuals and over 1 million dementia cases.<br /> <br /> The researchers used medical records, administrative data, and clinical datasets to investigate potential links between various drugs and dementia risk. They found that antimicrobials, vaccines, and NSAIDs were associated with a lower risk of dementia. In contrast, vitamins, supplements, antipsychotics, and diabetes medications appeared to correlate with an increased risk.<br /> <br /> However, evidence regarding antidepressants and certain blood pressure medications was inconsistent. The authors emphasized the limitations of their analysis, including potential false positives and inconsistencies across studies. They concluded that further research is needed to determine whether existing drugs could be effectively repurposed for dementia prevention or treatment.

The Impact of Fat Distribution on Heart Disease Risk

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for one in five fatalities. While several conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, overweight, and obesity, are known to elevate the risk of heart disease, recent research suggests that fat distribution within the body also plays a critical role, even for individuals with a healthy weight.<br /> <br /> A study published in the European Heart Journal by researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School revealed that intramuscular fat, or fat stored within muscle tissue, significantly increases the likelihood of serious heart disease, regardless of other traditional risk factors or body mass index (BMI).<br /> <br /> The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasize that heart disease is the leading cause of death across most ethnic groups in the U.S. Globally, it accounts for one-third of all deaths, affecting low- and middle-income countries as well as affluent ones.<br /> <br /> Several factors contribute to the risk of developing heart disease. These include high blood pressure, elevated levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, tobacco use, physical inactivity, high alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes. To mitigate these risks, the CDC recommends maintaining a healthy weight, eating a diet rich in fiber and low in saturated and trans fats, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking.<br /> <br /> This emerging research highlights the importance of not only focusing on overall body fat but also understanding its distribution, as intramuscular fat could independently heighten heart disease risk.

Exploring the Pros and Cons of GLP-1 Agonists: Weight Loss, Cognitive Benefits, and Health Risks

The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists), such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound, for weight loss has been on the rise. Originally developed to manage type 2 diabetes, these medications have become popular for their potential to support weight loss.<br /> <br /> Recent studies highlight both positive and negative side effects of GLP-1 medications. While they are associated with benefits like improved cognitive and behavioral health, including a reduced risk of addiction, they also carry risks such as pancreatitis, gastrointestinal problems, kidney issues, gastroparesis, and bowel obstruction.<br /> <br /> For instance, research published in October 2023 revealed a connection between GLP-1 drugs and an increased likelihood of pancreatitis and digestive tract conditions. Conversely, other studies suggest these medications may reduce risks of cardiovascular disease and dementia, offering significant potential for broader health benefits.

A New Global Approach to Diagnosing and Treating Obesity

A global group of experts has proposed an innovative framework for diagnosing and managing obesity, moving beyond the traditional reliance on body mass index (BMI), which has known limitations. The new approach focuses on distinguishing early indicators of obesity (pre-clinical) from more advanced stages (clinical) to enhance understanding and treatment.<br /> <br /> This refined method incorporates additional measures of excess body fat along with BMI, as well as objective signs and symptoms linked to individual health concerns. Published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology and endorsed by over 75 medical organizations worldwide, the framework aims to improve obesity diagnosis, reduce stigma, optimize healthcare resources, and promote equitable access to effective treatments.<br /> <br /> By addressing shortcomings in traditional methods, this approach seeks to better support the over one billion people living with obesity globally.

Ozempic Linked to Increased Risk of Rare Eye Condition

Globally, many individuals seeking weight loss have turned to Ozempic, a medication originally prescribed for diabetes management that has gained attention as a so-called "miracle drug." However, two significant investigations conducted at the University of Southern Denmark have raised concerns about its potential side effects, including a rare but serious condition affecting the optic nerve, which can lead to permanent blindness.<br /> <br /> The condition, known as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (Naion), occurs due to a sudden loss of blood supply to the optic nerve. Researchers found that Ozempic more than doubles the risk of developing Naion, which is irreversible.<br /> <br /> In the first investigation, researchers monitored 424,152 diabetic patients over five years and observed an increase in Naion cases from 9 to 23 per 100,000 among those using Ozempic. These findings were published in the International Journal of Retina and Vitreous. A second study involving 62,000 patients from Denmark and Norway reported a rise in Naion cases to 21 per 100,000 among Ozempic users.<br /> <br /> The researchers emphasized that diabetic patients should not stop their prescribed use of Ozempic but advised that its potential link to Naion be closely monitored. Untreated diabetes can also lead to eye complications, though these are generally less severe than Naion.<br /> <br /> Ozempic has been available in South Africa since 2017, with approval from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) for diabetes management. While its primary purpose is diabetes control, it is also frequently prescribed for weight loss, both locally and internationally. The drug works by mimicking a natural hormone that signals fullness to the brain and slows digestion. Although developed for long-term use, weight loss remains one of its notable side effects for diabetic patients.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Eye Health May Reveal Stroke Risk Through Vascular Changes, Study Finds

Changes in the eyes can signal a variety of health issues, including conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. A recent study has discovered a set of 29 vascular health indicators found on the retina that could serve as a unique "fingerprint" to help predict a person’s risk of having a stroke. This method offers a less invasive alternative to traditional stroke risk tests.<br /> <br /> Doctors have long recognized that the eyes provide valuable insights into a person's overall health, with the retina being one of the few areas where blood vessels can be examined directly without the need for invasive procedures. According to Mingguang He, MD, PhD, Chair Professor of Experimental Ophthalmology at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and lead author of the study, changes in retinal blood vessels can indicate underlying systemic vascular conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Now, this new research suggests these changes could also help identify stroke risk.

GLP-1 Medications Impact Convenience Store Sales, Especially for High-Profit Items

GLP-1 medications, which are helping millions of people lose weight by curbing their appetites, might not yet be a top concern for convenience store retailers. However, recent findings suggest this could change in the near future.<br /> <br /> Originally designed to treat diabetes, these drugs mimic a hormone that slows digestion and induces a feeling of fullness. As a result, GLP-1 users not only eat less but are also moving away from processed foods. This shift has significant implications for convenience stores, as many popular products—such as energy drinks, beef jerky, beer, and candy—are being abandoned by GLP-1 users.<br /> <br /> Research from Numerator and Cornell University reveals that individuals on GLP-1s spent 11% less on salty snacks within the first six months of using the medication. Dried meat snacks, which generated over $2 billion in annual sales for c-stores in 2023, saw a 17% decrease in spending from GLP users compared to non-users, according to Circana data. Another Circana report found that while GLP-1 users initially spent more at c-stores than non-users, their convenience store spending dropped by 5.2% in the first year of using the medication.<br /> <br /> A year-old forecast predicted that 24 million Americans, or about 7% of the population, would be taking GLP-1s by 2035. However, Circana recently reported that 6% of Americans are already using the drug, with 12% having used it at some point. This growing trend is catching the attention of food manufacturers, grocers, and other companies, prompting convenience store retailers to reconsider their offerings in response to the GLP-1 impact.

Keto vs. Mediterranean Diet: Which is Better for Blood Sugar Control, Gut Health, and Weight Loss?

A recent small-scale study compared the effects of a ketogenic (keto) diet to a Mediterranean diet on blood sugar control, gut health, and weight loss in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The keto diet showed more immediate benefits, including improved blood sugar levels, gut microbiota composition, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, particularly in the short term. However, these advantages diminished after six months, and by the end of the year-long study, both diets resulted in similar improvements in participants' health.<br /> <br /> The keto diet, which involves significantly reducing carbohydrates to encourage the body to burn fat for energy, has been effective for weight loss but is associated with several potential adverse effects, especially when used long-term. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet promotes a more balanced approach to eating, focusing on nutrient-rich foods and healthy fats.<br /> <br /> Participants in the study, aged 45 to 65, were obese individuals who had recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and had not yet started medication. The study, which initially involved 11 participants, assigned them to either a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (less than 30 grams of carbs per day) or a Mediterranean-style diet. By the end of the study, only eight participants completed the full trial.<br /> <br /> The results suggest that while the keto diet may provide short-term improvements, its long-term sustainability and safety remain concerns.

The Role of Fermented Foods in Combating Cognitive Decline

Fermented foods are created through the interaction of food and microbial enzymes, producing unique compounds absent in natural food items. Initially valued for preservation, these foods are now celebrated for their health benefits, with some experts advocating their inclusion in dietary guidelines.<br /> <br /> A significant health concern today is the rising prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia, exacerbated by an aging global population. Research indicates a link between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, a condition that results in severe brain degeneration.<br /> <br /> Early intervention to prevent mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential to reducing the risk of dementia. Nutrients found in common foods, such as dairy products, are believed to help lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease.<br /> <br /> Camembert cheese, produced from milk fermented with white mold, may enhance brain health in older adults by boosting certain brain-supportive factors. While promising, the precise compounds and mechanisms behind these benefits remain unclear.<br />

Three Essential Health Resolutions for 2025: Brain, Heart, and Metabolic Wellness

Taking care of your brain, heart, and metabolic health requires a holistic approach, and recent research highlights three key areas to focus on: sleep, diet, and exercise. But how can you turn these broad intentions into actionable steps? In this podcast episode, Medical News Today breaks down practical resolutions that can help you take control of your health in the new year.<br /> <br /> Setting Realistic Resolutions<br /> The new year is a time for transformation, but setting overly ambitious goals can lead to frustration and setbacks. Experts recommend starting small and setting specific, measurable objectives. Whether it�s improving sleep quality, eating more nutrient-dense foods, or incorporating regular exercise, making manageable changes creates the foundation for sustainable progress.<br /> <br /> Insights from 2024 Research<br /> This year�s studies revealed crucial links between lifestyle habits and long-term health:<br /> � Sleep: Research shows that poor sleep in your 30s and 40s may lead to memory problems and accelerated brain aging later in life.<br /> � Exercise: Any physical activity can rejuvenate the brain, with some types even linked to a longer lifespan. Conversely, prolonged sedentary behavior increases the risk of heart failure and mortality.<br /> � Diet: The WHO and FAO emphasized the importance of eating balanced meals, specifying which food groups to prioritize and offering guidance on healthy fats and carbohydrates.<br /> <br /> Taking Action in 2025<br /> In this episode, we share expert-backed strategies to improve your sleep, enhance your diet, and introduce exercise into your routine�all in ways that are practical and attainable. Tune in to learn how small, consistent steps can create meaningful change in your overall health.<br /> Let�s make 2025 the year you prioritize your well-being!<br />

Study Reveals Limited Use of Transition-Related Medications Among U.S. Minors

A study published in *JAMA Pediatrics* found that transition-related medications are prescribed to a very small percentage of minors in the United States. Analyzing private insurance claims for over 5.1 million patients aged 8 to 17 from 2018 to 2022, researchers determined that less than 0.1% of adolescents with private insurance were transgender or gender-diverse and prescribed puberty blockers or gender-affirming hormones. <br /> <br /> The findings also revealed that no transgender patients under the age of 12 were prescribed gender-affirming hormones during the study period. Puberty blockers, which temporarily delay puberty, were more commonly prescribed to trans minors assigned female at birth, likely due to the earlier onset of puberty compared to those assigned male at birth. <br /> <br /> Landon Hughes, the study�s lead author and a fellow at Harvard University�s T.H. Chan School of Public Health, emphasized that access to gender-affirming care among youth is limited. "It�s not as widespread as some may believe," Hughes stated, noting that public discourse often exaggerates the prevalence of such treatments. <br /> <br /> Gender-affirming hormones, typically used to replace naturally occurring hormones that do not align with a person�s gender identity, are prescribed after careful consideration. The study highlights the rarity of these treatments among minors, offering a data-driven perspective amid ongoing policy debates.<br />

New Study Challenges Assumptions About Addiction and Brain Changes

A widely held belief in addiction research is that brain changes observed in young people who use alcohol or drugs are primarily caused by substance use. However, a new study suggests that neuroanatomical differences in children may exist before any exposure to substances.<br /> <br /> Led by Alex P. Miller, PhD, from Indiana University, researchers found that children with larger whole brain and cortical volumes were more likely to initiate substance use. This suggests that preexisting brain structures, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions may contribute to the risk of developing substance use disorders.<br /> <br /> Published on December 30, 2024, in JAMA Network Open, the study analyzed data from nearly 10,000 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The research showed that substance use was associated with specific brain differences, including thinner cortices in some areas and thicker cortices in others. Importantly, many of these differences were present before substance use began, challenging the idea that these changes result solely from neurotoxic effects of substances.<br /> <br /> The findings underline the importance of considering brain structure, genetics, and environment in understanding addiction and could lead to more accurate models of substance use disorders.

Study Finds Reminders Can Prevent Age-Related Memory Decline

A recent study from the University of Texas at Arlington reveals that setting reminders can help eliminate certain age-related memory declines. The research offers an important advancement in addressing cognitive challenges faced by older adults, particularly in prospective memory, which involves remembering to complete tasks at the appropriate time, such as taking medication or attending appointments.<br /> <br /> Prospective memory is crucial for everyday living and maintaining independence, especially for aging individuals. Failure to recall these future-oriented tasks can have serious consequences, as previous studies have shown that this type of memory tends to weaken with age.<br /> <br /> Hunter Ball, an associate professor of psychology at UTA and lead author of the study, collaborated with psychologists from Arizona State University to conduct two experiments. These experiments tested the prospective memory of younger and older adults under various conditions, with or without the use of reminders. Participants were tasked with remembering specific actions while engaging in ongoing activities, with their performance assessed in both high-load (more tasks) and low-load (fewer tasks) scenarios.<br /> <br /> In the first experiment, participants were asked to remember specific tasks, such as responding to particular words, with some receiving on-screen reminders. Results showed no significant age-related decline in prospective memory under low load without reminders. However, in high-load conditions, both younger and older adults showed similar improvement when reminders were used, suggesting that reminders help reduce cognitive strain by offloading the need to rely entirely on internal memory.<br /> <br /> The second experiment introduced more complex tasks that required participants to recognize broader categories, like animals or fruits, rather than specific words. Without reminders, older adults had more difficulty remembering these tasks in high-load conditions. However, the performance gap between younger and older adults disappeared when reminders were available, underscoring the potential of reminders to mitigate memory challenges in older adults, especially for cognitively demanding tasks.<br /> <br /> According to Ball, reminders are particularly effective for older adults because they tend to check them more frequently when faced with high cognitive demands. This compensatory behavior helps older adults manage tasks that might otherwise overwhelm their internal memory resources.<br /> <br /> The implications of this study reach beyond the laboratory. Prospective memory is essential in real-world settings, and with an aging population, finding practical solutions to memory challenges is increasingly important. The researchers highlight that digital tools, such as smartphone apps, personal assistants like Amazon Alexa, or simple reminder notes, can be valuable aids for older adults in managing their daily responsibilities and maintaining their independence.<br /> <br /> “This study shows that cognitive offloading, like using reminders such as cell phone calendars, can effectively reduce memory challenges in older adults,” said Ball. “Although our study was conducted in a controlled environment, these findings are easily applicable in everyday life, providing a simple and effective way to alleviate the burden of prospective memory issues in older adults."<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Cholera Crisis Deepens Amid Ongoing Conflict in Sudan

Sudan's health ministry has reported over 430 cholera-related deaths in the past month, as the country remains engulfed in civil war. The number of infections has surged to approximately 14,000.<br /> <br /> The ministry emphasized its efforts to combat the cholera outbreak in affected states, but the ongoing conflict complicates treatment delivery. US special envoy for Sudan, Tom Perriello, estimates that around 150,000 people have lost their lives since the war began in April 2023.<br /> <br /> M�decins Sans Fronti�res (MSF) has highlighted significant challenges in their humanitarian response due to obstructions from both warring factions, resulting in inadequate assistance for those in need. In a recent report, MSF noted the collapse of Sudan's health system, with alarming rates of maternal and neonatal mortality.<br /> <br /> The conflict stems from a power struggle between the army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which has led to what the UN describes as one of the worst humanitarian crises globally. More than nine million people have been displaced, and there are growing concerns of widespread famine due to failed agricultural activities.<br /> <br /> Warnings of potential genocide against non-Arab communities in Darfur have also emerged. Cholera, a fast-spreading and highly infectious disease, can lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated promptly. While it is relatively easy to treat, immediate care is crucial.<br /> <br /> Health Minister Haitham Mohammed Ibrahim declared a cholera outbreak in mid-August, exacerbated by heavy rainfall, flooding, and overcrowding in displacement camps. MSF emergency coordinator Esperanza Santos described the situation as a "perfect storm" for cholera proliferation.<br /> <br /> In some regions, schools, markets, and shops have been ordered to close to mitigate the disease's spread. MSF reported 114 maternal deaths in South Darfur alone between January and August, with many children facing starvation. The organization warned that the conditions in South Darfur likely reflect a broader crisis across isolated, war-torn areas of Sudan.<br /> <br /> Dr. Gillian Burkhardt, MSF's sexual and reproductive health manager in South Darfur, expressed deep concern, stating, "This is a crisis unlike any other I have seen in my career."

Patient Faces Ongoing Struggles After Ozempic Treatment

Dana Filmore was initially terrified of taking Ozempic due to her fear of needles. The thought of injecting herself in the stomach with this diabetes medication seemed daunting. However, after her antidiabetic pills failed to adequately manage her blood sugar, her doctor recommended Ozempic, which is FDA-approved for treating Type 2 diabetes.<br /> <br /> Filmore, a 55-year-old grandmother from Columbus, decided to take the plunge. She began using Ozempic but stopped six months ago due to troubling side effects. Now, three years later, she has been diagnosed with gastroparesis�stomach paralysis�which can be a potential side effect of the drug. Since discontinuing the injections, she has struggled with eating and digestion.<br /> <br /> Gastroparesis affects the stomach�s ability to contract, causing food to remain in the stomach longer than normal. This often leads to severe symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. Filmore�s experience highlights the serious risks associated with Ozempic, raising important questions about the medication's long-term effects.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Musk Advocates for Accessibility of GLP-1 Drugs Amid High Prices in the U.S.

Recent treatments that mimic a hormone regulating appetite and blood sugar have proven highly effective for obesity and type 2 diabetes management. The most notable GLP-1 medications available are Ozempic and Wegovy, both developed by Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk.<br /> <br /> Elon Musk recently shared on X, the social media platform he owns, that addressing obesity significantly lowers the risk of related diseases, particularly diabetes, and enhances overall quality of life. He emphasized the need to make appetite-suppressing medications accessible to everyone.<br /> <br /> His comments came in response to Senator Bernie Sanders, who noted that generic drug manufacturers claim they could offer these medications for less than $100 a month. Currently, the list price in the U.S. for Ozempic is $968.52 and for Wegovy, it�s $1,349.02. In contrast, these drugs are much more affordable in other countries, with Ozempic priced at just $59 in Germany and Wegovy at $92 in the U.K.<br /> <br /> Musk remarked, �I don�t often agree with Bernie on many issues, but I do on this one.�<br /> <br /> During a recent Senate hearing, Senator Sanders questioned Novo Nordisk CEO Lars Fruergaard J�rgensen about the company�s pricing strategies for these high-demand drugs in the U.S. He highlighted that since 2018, Novo Nordisk has earned $50 billion from Ozempic and Wegovy, with a staggering 72% of that revenue generated from U.S. sales. Sanders stated, �In other words, the United States is Novo Nordisk�s cash cow for Ozempic and Wegovy.� He even quoted Musk�s tweet, acknowledging, �Mr. Musk is right.�

Global Rise in Short-Sightedness Among Children Linked to Lockdowns and Screen Time

A global analysis reveals that children's eyesight is deteriorating, with one in three now experiencing short-sightedness, or myopia. Researchers suggest that the Covid lockdowns contributed significantly to this decline, as children spent more time on screens and less time outdoors.<br /> <br /> Myopia is becoming a pressing global health issue, with projections indicating that millions more children will be affected by 2050. The study highlights alarming rates in Asia, where 85% of children in Japan and 73% in South Korea are short-sighted, along with over 40% in China and Russia. In contrast, countries like Paraguay and Uganda report some of the lowest levels of myopia, around 1%, while the UK, Ireland, and the US have rates close to 15%.<br /> <br /> Published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, the study analyzed data from over five million children and teenagers across 50 countries on all six continents. The findings show that short-sightedness has tripled from 1990 to 2023, now affecting 36% of children, with a particularly significant spike observed following the pandemic.<br /> <br /> Myopia typically begins in primary school and can worsen until the eye stops growing around the age of 20. Factors influencing its prevalence include geographic location, genetics, and educational practices. In East Asia, where formal education often begins as early as age two, children spend more time focusing on books and screens, straining their eye muscles and increasing the risk of developing myopia. In contrast, in Africa, where schooling generally starts at ages six to eight, the prevalence of myopia is seven times lower than in Asia.

Junk Food Advert Bans on Public Transport to Combat Childhood Obesity

Junk food advertisements will be prohibited on select bus and train services as part of a new initiative aimed at reducing childhood obesity. The North East joins nine other regions in this effort, banning unhealthy food promotions on the Metro and bus services.<br /> <br /> Mayor of the North East, Kim McGuinness, emphasized that "enough is enough," labeling the targeting of children with such adverts as "predatory." The AdEnough campaign, initiated by chef Jamie Oliver, supports this move, stating it is a "vital step" due to the constant bombardment of unhealthy food messaging aimed at children.<br /> <br /> This ban will be adopted by mayors in Greater Manchester, Liverpool, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, and the West Midlands.<br /> <br /> Recent reports from Newcastle City Council reveal that 11% of reception-age children and 26% of those in year six in the North East are classified as obese. National statistics indicate that over one in five children in England are overweight or obese by the time they start primary school, with that figure rising to more than one in three by the time they finish.<br /> <br /> McGuinness stated that this pledge sends a strong message to junk food companies and aligns with broader national efforts to curb junk food advertising. The implementation will follow her plans to regain control of buses from private operators.<br /> <br /> Greater Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham remarked that young people deserve "the best possible start in life," commending the initiative as a challenge to junk food corporations.<br /> <br /> The ban is already operational on London�s tubes and buses. Jamie Oliver praised the mayors for their proactive stance, calling it a "much-needed and vital step towards creating healthier, happier communities" in the UK, though he noted that more work is needed to address unhealthy food messaging.<br /> <br /> Additionally, it was recently announced that online junk food adverts will be banned starting next year, alongside restrictions on TV advertisements before 9 PM, effective from October 2025.

Chinese Emergency Medical Team Arrives in Dhaka to Aid Injured Protesters

A Chinese National Emergency Medical Team has arrived in Dhaka to provide advanced medical assistance to those severely injured during the recent student-led protests.<br /> <br /> The team, consisting of 10 medical specialists from West China Hospital, one of China's leading healthcare facilities, landed at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (HSIA) from Kunming at noon.<br /> <br /> Chinese Ambassador to Bangladesh Yao Wen, along with Sheikh Sayedul Haque, Additional Director General of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), welcomed the team upon their arrival.<br /> <br /> Yao Wen stated that the Chinese government dispatched the medical team at the request of the interim government led by Professor Dr. Muhammad Yunus.<br /> <br /> "As a Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partner, China stands in solidarity with Bangladesh. This medical mission reflects the strong bond between our nations," he said.<br /> <br /> The ambassador noted that this is the first emergency medical team sent to Bangladesh since the establishment of the interim government, marking a significant milestone in their bilateral relationship.

WHO Grants First Mpox Vaccine Approval, Prioritizes African Countries Hit Hardest

The World Health Organization (WHO) has granted its first approval for the use of a vaccine against mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in adults, marking a significant milestone in controlling the disease, particularly in Africa where the virus has been most prevalent.<br /> <br /> Developed by Danish manufacturer Bavarian Nordic A/S, the vaccine received WHO authorization, enabling global health organizations like Gavi and UNICEF to begin purchasing and distributing it. However, WHO cautioned that supplies are limited, as Bavarian Nordic is currently the sole manufacturer.<br /> <br /> "This first authorization of a vaccine against mpox is a crucial step in the fight against the disease, particularly in Africa and for future outbreaks," said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. WHO is also developing an "access and allocation mechanism" to ensure vaccines, tests, and treatments are distributed equitably, especially to low-income countries heavily impacted by the virus.<br /> <br /> The vaccine is approved for adults aged 18 and older, and though not recommended for children, it could be used in areas with active outbreaks if the benefits outweigh the risks. To stretch the limited supply, WHO suggested a single-dose strategy, although more data is needed to confirm its effectiveness.<br /> <br /> While the mpox vaccine has been approved in wealthier regions such as Europe and North America since the 2022 outbreak, this is the first time WHO has authorized its use globally. Millions of doses have been administered in these regions, reducing transmission, but less is known about its efficacy in children.<br /> <br /> The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) highlighted children as particularly vulnerable, noting that 70% of cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-the hardest-hit country-<br /> <br /> were in children under 15, who also accounted for 85% of mpox-related deaths.<br /> <br /> Since the global outbreak began two years ago, WHO has confirmed more than 103,000 cases of mpox in over 120 countries, with 723 deaths recorded in Africa.<br /> <br /> With demand outstripping supply, experts estimate that Africa will need 10 million doses to control outbreaks, yet donor countries have only pledged about 3.6 million doses. As of last week, the DRC had received just 250,000 doses.<br /> <br /> The WHO and Africa CDC are pushing for more vaccine resources and equitable distribution to protect vulnerable populations, particularly children, as cases and deaths continue to rise across the continent.

Top Strategies for Quitting Smoking: Key Findings from Recent Research

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable diseases and deaths worldwide. Quitting smoking offers significant health benefits, regardless of age, smoking history, or duration. A recent comprehensive review has identified three highly effective smoking cessation strategies, which are even more successful when combined with behavioral therapies.<br /> <br /> Key Strategies for Smoking Cessation<br /> Varenicline, Cytisine, and Nicotine E-Cigarettes: These methods have shown increased success rates in helping individuals quit smoking.<br /> Behavioral Counseling and Financial Incentives: These approaches have demonstrated strong potential for successful smoking cessation without the need for additional medications.<br /> Bupropion and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): These treatments have also been found effective in aiding smoking cessation.<br /> The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) at the University of Oxford conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2021 and 2023. Their findings, published in the journal Addiction, highlight the effectiveness of these strategies and suggest that combining them with behavioral therapies can enhance success rates.<br /> <br /> CTAG�s review included 14 studies on tobacco addiction treatments, summarizing key results and potential side effects. The researchers assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE criteria, considering factors such as study limitations, consistency of effects, precision, indirectness, and publication bias.<br /> <br /> These insights provide valuable guidance for individuals seeking to quit smoking and for healthcare providers supporting smoking cessation efforts.

Tobacco Companies to Challenge Lockdown Regulations as Illicit Cigarette Market Surges

In the coming weeks, tobacco companies will argue in court for the right to sell their products under lockdown regulations. The government has opposed this, citing studies that suggest smoking heightens the risks associated with contracting Covid-19. Officials argue that a ban is necessary to reduce hospital admissions.<br /> <br /> Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs Minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma explained in April that smoking spreads saliva through shared cigarettes, contributing to the virus's transmission. Her comments have since inspired popular remixed songs on social media.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, attention is increasingly focused on the booming illicit cigarette market, which has flourished due to the legal sales ban.<br /> <br /> Samantha Filby, co-author of the report �Lighting Up The Illicit Market: Smoker�s Responses to the Cigarette Sales Ban in South Africa,� warned that the ban is fueling a thriving illegal market that will be difficult to dismantle.<br /> <br /> The research indicates that 16% of smokers quit during the lockdown, while 90% of those who continued smoking are now buying cigarettes illegally, highlighting the scale of the black market.<br /> <br /> Filby noted that multinational tobacco companies likely experienced financial losses, while local producers may have profited from increased market share and price hikes. Additionally, the government may have lost around R1.1 billion in monthly revenue.

Evaluating Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir's Effectiveness and Access Amid Evolving COVID-19 Variants

Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is the sole oral treatment approved for COVID-19, recommended for individuals with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections who are at high risk of progressing to severe disease. This high-risk group includes those aged 50 and older, particularly those 65 and older, as well as younger individuals with various comorbidities that elevate the risk of severe COVID-19.<br /> <br /> The clinical trials that led to the FDA's emergency use authorization of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in December 2021 and its approval in May 2023 were conducted with unvaccinated individuals infected with the now-extinct SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. This has raised concerns about its efficacy in vaccinated individuals or those infected with the newer Omicron subvariants, which have been prevalent for nearly three years.<br /> <br /> However, recent observational studies indicate that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir remains effective in preventing hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in high-risk individuals. Challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to the medication, as research has highlighted racial and ethnic disparities in prescription rates.<br /> <br /> Additionally, with the rising number of individuals experiencing postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID, researchers are exploring whether nirmatrelvir-ritonavir could offer benefits in preventing or treating this condition.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Medical Practitioner Fined R120,000 or Five Years for Fraud

The Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation, known as the Hawks, reported that medical practitioner Penelope Homu has pleaded guilty to fraud charges. She was sentenced to a fine of R120,000 or five years in prison and declared unfit to possess a firearm, according to Limpopo Hawks spokesperson Warrant Officer Lethunya Mmuroa.<br /> <br /> In 2021, the Platinum Health Medical Scheme (PHMS) detected a surge in claims from February 2, 2020, to December 18, 2020. An internal investigation revealed that Homu, 41, had submitted the fraudulent claims. She appeared before the Giyani Specialised Commercial Crime Court to face the charges.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

August Research Highlights: Key Findings on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications

Recent studies from August have shed new light on type 2 diabetes and its associated complications, impacting millions globally. One significant study reveals that consistent control of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels can reduce the risk of developing dementia. Another research effort demonstrates that adopting a healthy lifestyle may counteract the accelerated brain aging linked to diabetes.

Dr. Ryan Cole�s Medical License Reinstated After 65-Day Lapse

Dr. Ryan Cole, a pathologist from Garden City and a Central District Health board member, has had his medical license reinstated after being inactive for 65 days. The Idaho Board of Medicine reported that Cole's license had lapsed on June 30, raising questions about his position on the health board, according to a report from the Idaho Statesman.<br /> <br /> Idaho law mandates that each public health district have at least one licensed physician on its board. Cole had been serving in that role for the health board representing Ada, Boise, Elmore, and Valley counties, which consists of seven members.<br /> <br /> As of late Wednesday, Cole's license status changed from "lapsed" to "active" in the Idaho occupational and professional license database, confirmed Bob McLaughlin, spokesperson for the Idaho Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses. Cole�s license was originally issued on September 13, 2003.<br /> <br /> According to the division�s website, a "lapsed" status indicates that the renewal window has passed, making the license out of compliance, while "active" means the individual is legally authorized to practice.

Can being more flexible help people live longer?

Many studies show the importance of physical activity for overall health, including living longer. With this in mind, researchers from the Exercise Medicine Clinic (CLINIMEX) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, wanted to know whether other aspects of health, such as flexibility, could have a similar effect on longevity.<br /> <br /> Claudio Gil S. Araujo, MD of CLINIMEX led the study, and his team assessed approximately 3,000 people to learn how flexibility impacts longevity. The team examined data collected from participants over 28 years, with a mean follow-up of 12.9 years.<br /> <br /> The researchers found that people with higher flexibility ranges tended to live longer than those with lower flexibility ranges.<br /> <br /> The findings appear in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. <br /> <br /> The importance of flexibility in aging<br /> <br /> Movement is essential to good health. It improves cardiovascular health, and lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and it can also boost mental health.<br /> <br /> While research shows that cardiovascular and strengthening exercises can increase one's lifespan, flexibility was largely left unaddressed. This led researchers in the current study to analyze whether flexibility plays a role in longevity.<br /> <br /> Flexibility refers to, "the range of motion of muscle and connective tissues at a joint or group of joints."<br /> <br /> It is important to maintain good flexibility in different areas of the body to avoid or reduce pain in areas such as the neck and lower back. When flexibility decreases, this can cause areas of the body not to work properly.<br /> <br /> For example, if someone experiences lower flexibility in their hamstrings, this can lead to tight hamstrings. When this happens, it can cause pain in the thighs that can work its way up to the lower back and reduce mobility.<br /> <br /> People can avoid losing flexibility with a daily stretching routine that targets specific areas of the body or by participating in yoga.<br /> <br /> Checking flexibility across 20 areas in the body<br /> <br /> The study utilized data collected from the CLINIMEX Exercise open cohort in Brazil. The researchers analyzed data from 3,139 middle-aged people (66% of the group were men) aged 46-65 years when they underwent their first exam.<br /> <br /> At the participants' first exams, the clinicians collected data on their BMI, vitals, and any health issues.<br /> <br /> The clinicians also administered a flexibility test called the "Flexitest" that checked how flexible the participants were in 20 body joint movements:<br /> <br /> �ankle (two)<br /> �shoulder (five)<br /> �knee (two)<br /> �trunk (three)<br /> �wrist (two)<br /> �hip (four)<br /> �elbow (two)<br /> <br /> They assigned a "Flexindex" score from 0 to 80 based on the flexibility of the participants. Each body movement could get a score from 0 to 4 on the 20 areas measured, and lower scores indicated lower flexibility.<br /> <br /> The clinicians assessed flexibility in several ways, including checking to see how far the participants could extend their elbows, checking their trunk flexion, and assessing how well their shoulders rotated.<br /> <br /> The study lasted from March 1994 to February 2023, and the participants' average follow-up period was approximately 13 years. <br /> <br /> Higher flexibility linked with improved longevity<br /> <br /> After analyzing the data, the researchers found that people with better flexibility levels had better survival rates for deaths related to natural or non-COVID causes.<br /> <br /> When comparing Flexindex scores between men and women, they found that women had generally higher scores compared to men. Women had a 35% higher Flexindex score on average.<br /> <br /> Overall, the scientists saw a connection between higher Flexindex scores and improved mortality rates in both men and women.<br /> <br /> When comparing the women with lower Flexindex scores to those with higher scores, the researchers saw that women with lower flexibility scores had a 4.78 times higher chance of dying.<br /> <br /> The men with lower Flexindex scores had a 1.87 times higher chance of dying compared to those with higher scores.<br /> <br /> The study emphasizes the importance of physical fitness, especially in terms of focusing on flexibility and long-term health. It establishes that people - particularly middle-aged people - need to incorporate a daily routine that targets stretching and shows that doctors may need to focus on flexibility at annual physicals.<br /> <br /> "An assessment of body flexibility using the Flexitest may serve as a useful complement to routine evaluation protocols for providing exercise recommendations and prescriptions to healthy and unhealthy middle-aged individuals," write the authors. <br /> <br /> More research is needed<br /> <br /> Ryan Glatt, CPT, NBC-HWC, senior brain health coach, and director of the FitBrain Program at Pacific Neuroscience Institute in Santa Monica, California, who was not involved in the study, spoke with Medical News Today about the study findings.<br /> <br /> "The study suggests a connection between flexibility and longevity, with women showing a 35% higher Flexindex than men, and an inverse relationship between Flexindex and mortality risk," explained Glatt.<br /> <br /> Glatt acknowledged that flexibility may be a reflection of overall health, but noted that more research is needed.<br /> <br /> "Although the Flexindex is a promising tool, it's not yet proven enough to be a standard part of health assessments, and more rigorous studies are needed to confirm its significance," noted Glatt.<br /> <br /> Glatt also said gender differences could have affected the study results � the majority of the study participants were men.<br /> <br /> "Incorporating flexibility exercises into routines, especially for older adults, seems reasonable since flexibility decreases with age, but the true impact on survival is still uncertain," he added. <br /> <br /> How to be more flexible<br /> <br /> Chris McDermott, MSN, APRN-IP, a Certified Life Care Planner for Intercoastal Consulting & Life Care Planning in Jacksonville, Florida, who also was not involved in the study, noted that the study "suggests that staying flexible is important for health and longevity."<br /> <br /> "Improving flexibility can make everyday activities easier and help prevent injuries. It also plays a role in maintaining joint health and reducing stiffness," McDermott told MNT.<br /> <br /> McDermott suggested that people who are trying to improve their flexibility add some of the following stretches to their daily routines:<br /> <br /> �hip hug stretches<br /> �half-kneeling hip flexor stretch<br /> �calf stretch at a wall

Sleeping more on weekends may cut heart disease risk by up to 20%, study finds

"Catching up" on sleep over the weekend could reduce the risk of heart disease by nearly 20%, according to a new study presented this week by authors from the State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease in China.<br /> <br /> Using self-reported data from more than 90,000 people who participated in the UK Biobank project, researchers created four cohorts ranging from those with the "most compensated" amounts of sleep to those with the least. Sleep deprivation was defined as less than seven hours per night.<br /> <br /> The median follow-up for subjects in this project was 14 years, and by analyzing hospital records and death registries, the study authors found that those with the most compensatory amounts of sleep were 19% less likely to develop heart disease than those with the least amounts.<br /> <br /> Sleep deprivation can affect a person's immune system, well-being, and ability to focus on daily tasks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults get at least 7 hoursTrusted Source each night but estimates that 1 in 3 adultsTrusted Source do not get enough sleep.<br /> <br /> Rigved Tadwalkar, MD, a board certified consultative cardiologist at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, who was not involved in the study, told Medical News Today that he was surprised at the findings:<br /> <br /> "I was surprised that �catching up' on sleep could be so helpful. This study demonstrates the remarkable capacity of our bodies to recoup energy and function, even after prior periods of sleep deprivation. While the connection between sleep and heart health is well-established, the magnitude and timing of the benefit seen in this study is noteworthy. It further underscores the importance of prioritizing sleep, even if it means making adjustments to your weekend schedule."<br /> <br /> MNT also spoke with Melanie Murphy Richter, MS, RDN, a registered dietitian nutritionist and the director of communications for the nutrition company Prolon, who was not involved in the study. Richter told MNT that while compensatory sleep-catching up on weekends, as the new study suggests-can be helpful in the short term, it's not an approach for optimal mental and physical health.<br /> <br /> She explained: "Consistent lack of sleep can lead to a buildup of stress hormones, imbalances to your metabolism, and increases inflammation - things that a few extra hours of sleep won't easily fix. Over time, this can contribute to serious health issues like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, as this study also suggests. From a functional health perspective, it's crucial to maintain a regular sleep schedule and prioritize sleep quality just as much as quantity, rather than �banking' on being able to make up for it through naps or longer sleep on the weekends. Think of sleep as the foundation that supports everything else you do for your health-whether it's nutrition, exercise, or stress management. While you can recover a bit after a rough week, the best strategy is to avoid sleep debt in the first place by making consistent, quality sleep a non-negotiable part of your routine."<br /> <br /> How does sleep affect cardiovascular health?<br /> <br /> Sleep helps the heart vessels heal and rebuild and affects processes that maintain blood pressure, sugar levels, and inflammation control. Too little sleep may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.<br /> <br /> Tadwalkar said that sleep deprivation can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm, which in turn can affect the production of hormones that help regulate blood sugar levels. This can lead to insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risks.<br /> <br /> "Sleep deprivation can elevate stress hormones like cortisol, which can contribute to heart problems. Catching up on sleep can help lower these levels. Chronic sleep deprivation can additionally lead to elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Compensatory sleep can help normalize these vital signs," Tadwalkar said. "Sleep is also known to be key for a healthy immune system. Adequate sleep can help your body better fight off infections and inflammation, which is linked to heart disease."<br /> <br /> Can naps help people catch up on sleep deprivation?<br /> <br /> Richter said that naps during the day can be a valuable tool for energy boosts but are not a sustainable way to make up for sleep:<br /> <br /> "The body's most restorative processes - like tissue repair, memory consolidation, and hormone regulation - happen during uninterrupted, consistent nighttime sleep. So, while a nap can help in a pinch, consistently aiming for solid blocks of nighttime sleep is what will keep you running at your best."<br /> <br /> She added that nutrition can play a crucial role in establishing consistent sleep patterns, with hydration and herbs and adaptogens like chamomile, valerian root, passionflower, and ashwagandha considered helpful supplements. If you are thinking of using supplements, seek advice and clearance from your doctor before starting.<br /> <br /> "When it comes to sleep, nutrition plays a crucial role that's often overlooked. Melatonin supplements can help, particularly with jet lag or shift work, but it's essential to get the timing and dosage right, as too much can disrupt your sleep. Magnesium is another key player, supporting relaxation by calming the nervous system," Richter said. "But don't forget about whole-food sources like leafy greens, nuts, and seeds, which offer sleep-supportive nutrients along with fiber and antioxidants, making them easier on your digestive system and more sustainable in the long run."

New study links using semaglutide drugs like Ozempic to suicidal thoughts

A new study adds to the conversation regarding the possible effect of GLP-1 diabetes/weight loss drugs on suicide ideation, although its message is a subtle one.<br /> <br /> The study finds a disproportionality in the number of people who take semaglutide-based GLP-1 drugs and antidepressants or benzodiazepines and who report suicidal ideation.<br /> <br /> Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist medications were originally developed to help people with diabetes maintain blood sugar levels and a healthy weight. They have since become popular as weight loss drugs, with Wegovy officially being approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this use, as well as Zepbound (tirzepatide) receiving approval from the FDA for weight management in November 2023.<br /> <br /> Many of these drugs are based on semaglutide, which was first made available to patients in 2017. These include Wegovy, Ozempic, and Rybelsus, all manufactured by Novo Nordisk.<br /> <br /> Among the early GLP-1 drugs still in use is liraglutide. Drugs based on liraglutide include Saxenda and Victoza.<br /> <br /> The researchers found no indication of increased suicidal ideation in people who took liraglutide GLP-1 drugs alongside antidepressants.<br /> <br /> Experts' concerns regarding GLP-1 drugs and suicidal ideation stem from three patients reported in Iceland, and 201 similar reports received by the FDA. Since that time, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the FDA have investigated the issue. On January 11, 2024, the FDA released a statement saying it had found no connection between the drugs and suicidal thoughts. In April 2024, EMA did the same.<br /> <br /> In fact, in January 2024, the U.S. National Institutes of Health reported on a study finding people on GLP-1 drugs had less suicidal ideation than other people.<br /> <br /> What is unusual about the new study, and what it adds to the discussion, is that it found a disproportionality "signal" specifically among people who were taking both semaglutide medications and antidepressants and benzodiazepines.<br /> <br /> In arriving at their findings, the authors of the new study analyzed the World Health Organization's global database of adverse drug reactions that were suspected to be attributable to semaglutide or liraglutide.<br /> <br /> The study is published in the JAMA Network Open.<br /> A possible connection between GLP-1 drugs and suicidal ideation<br /> <br /> To begin with, lead author Georgios Schoretsanitis, MD, PhD, pointed out to Medical News Today, "The disproportionality signal is a hint and cannot be interpreted as a proxy of severity."<br /> <br /> It is not clear how strong the association is, nor does the study in any way demonstrate a causal relationship.<br /> <br /> Mir Ali, MD, board certified bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, who was not involved in the study, said:<br /> <br /> "As far as I know, no definite mechanism to link GLP-1 medications and suicidal ideation [has been described]." He also said, "There is disagreement because the incidence [of suicidal ideation] is so rare that it is difficult to accurately assess and try to delineate a possible reason for this."<br /> <br /> Separating existing psychological stressors from those possibly caused by GLP-1 is also difficult.<br /> <br /> Ian Douglas, PhD, BSc, professor of pharmacoepidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, who was also not involved in the study, pointed out:<br /> <br /> "The time at which someone starts a treatment for obesity can itself be correlated with mental health difficulties, and the effects of the medication on weight, whether this is a dramatic reduction in weight, or a disappointing lack of weight reduction, can also trigger changes in mental health."<br /> <br /> "If we want to know whether GLP-1 agonists cause changes in mental health status, either through their direct pharmacological action or indirectly through their action on weight, we ideally need studies that compare people treated with GLP-1 agonists with similar people not receiving them to see if there are differences in their risk of mental health outcomes." - Ian Douglas, PhD, BSc<br /> <br /> Of the NIH study, Douglas said, "I wouldn't go so far as to say GLP-1 agonists prevent mental health problems based on these findings, but the results are certainly not consistent with a harm."<br /> <br /> Douglas questioned the methodology used in the new study, saying, "Individual spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions� such as those used in the new study are not an appropriate resource in which to test this hypothesis about GLP-1 agonists."<br /> <br /> Ali expressed a similar concern. "A disproportionality analysis is a quick and inexpensive way to assess whether a certain group is overrepresented or underrepresented in a particular outcome."<br /> Keeping semaglutide users safe<br /> <br /> Schoretsanitis said they suggest "that physicians prescribing semaglutide should inform their patients about the medications' risks, assess their psychiatric history, and evaluate the mental state of patients before starting treatment with semaglutide."<br /> <br /> "If needed, such as in cases of persisting suicidal ideation or in cases of other relevant mental disorders, the treating physician should involve different specialists, including a psychiatrist and/or clinical psychologists for a psychological and psychiatric evaluation." - Georgios Schoretsanitis, MD, PhD<br /> <br /> Of particular concern with GLP-1 drugs is that some people obtain online prescriptions and receive them by home delivery. "We highly discourage off-label use of semaglutide and without any medical supervision," said Schoretsanitis.<br /> <br /> "One of the reasons most medications are only available by prescription is to make sure they are used appropriately, and this includes potential monitoring for emerging side effects," added Douglas.<br /> <br /> "There is a world of difference," Douglas said, "in terms of follow-up between being prescribed a medication by a known family physician and a relatively anonymous online operator. There is a vital duty of care for all prescribers to ensure they are available and accessible for follow-up and monitoring."

Gas Workers Threaten Strike Over Chronic Fatigue, Risking Major Disruptions

Gas workers at Northern Gas Networks (NGN) are considering a strike due to �chronic fatigue� and demanding better working conditions, including shorter hours and improved sick pay. This potential industrial action could lead to significant disruptions, especially in Yorkshire and Cumbria, as gas leaks might go unrepaired.<br /> <br /> Union bosses have stated that workers feel they have �no choice� but to consider industrial action, which could start as soon as next month. The GMB union has indicated strong support for the strike, with 99.5% of workers backing the action in a recent indicative ballot.<br /> <br /> NGN�s chief executive, Mark Horsley, mentioned that the company has �comprehensive contingency plans in place� to ensure the continued delivery of a safe and reliable gas supply. Despite this, the union claims that chronic fatigue is sweeping across the workforce, leading to demands for better sick pay, a shorter working week, and changes to overtime rates.<br /> <br /> NGN, responsible for delivering gas to 2.7 million homes and businesses across the North East, Northern Cumbria, and a large part of Yorkshire, made operating profits of �212.1 million for the year ending March 2023. The company paid �88.4 million in dividends to shareholders in the same year

Post-Pandemic Resurgence: Infectious Diseases Making a Comeback

hile the world focused on COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, many other infectious diseases faded into the background. With limited person-to-person contact, the spread of infections decreased, and no major outbreaks other than COVID-19 occurred to disrupt global health systems. However, 2022 saw the emergence of new diseases, such as mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), and the resurgence of diseases like measles and polio in regions where they were once considered eradicated.<br /> <br /> Curious about which diseases resurfaced in 2022? Explore this gallery for a comprehensive look at the significant diseases that made their comeback or debut.<br />

Public Exclusion in Opioid Settlement Spending Decisions Raises Concerns in Pennsylvania

On June 20, the conversation about the future of Kensington, a Philadelphia neighborhood deeply affected by the opioid crisis, took a troubling turn. The city had allocated $7.5 million from opioid settlement funds to improve the quality of life in Kensington, but a Pennsylvania oversight board was about to vote on whether to overturn that decision. The outcome would have significant implications not only for Kensington residents but for communities across the state, potentially setting a precedent for future spending of opioid settlement funds.<br /> <br /> However, many stakeholders were left out of the discussion. Pennsylvania's opioid settlement oversight board, unlike about two dozen similar councils across the country, does not allow public comment during its meetings. This exclusionary practice has sparked criticism from residents and advocates who feel that those most affected by the opioid crisis are being denied a voice in crucial decisions.<br /> <br /> Bill McKinney, a Kensington resident whose nonprofit is involved in the city�s settlement-funded initiatives, expressed frustration: �It�s another moment where folks not connected to this community are making decisions for this community, and I think that�s inappropriate.� McKinney's sentiment reflects a broader concern that those dealing directly with the opioid crisis are systematically shut out of having meaningful input on how the settlement funds�money many consider "blood money"�should be used.<br /> <br /> A survey conducted by KFF Health News and Spotlight PA found that in at least 39 states and Washington, D.C., councils composed of government officials, clinicians, and law enforcement officers guide the allocation of opioid settlement funds. These councils are shaping addiction policy at a time when more than 100,000 Americans are dying from overdoses annually. Yet, in at least 14 states, including Pennsylvania, these councils block the public from speaking at meetings, with four of them conducting their meetings entirely in secret, preventing public attendance or observation.

A Serendipitous Journey: Professor Mashiko Setshedi's Path to Medicine and Leadership

When Professor Mashiko Setshedi chose medicine over law many years ago, she thought she knew what lay ahead. She envisioned a quiet, dedicated career, serving her patients with distinction behind closed doors�diagnosing, treating, and guiding them back to health. It seemed the perfect setup for a private doctor-patient relationship.<br /> <br /> However, life had different plans. Much like her decision to specialize in gastroenterology�the study of the digestive system and its disorders�academic medicine found her rather than the other way around. Since joining the University of Cape Town�s (UCT) Faculty of Health Sciences nearly two decades ago, her career has evolved far beyond the simple doctor-patient dynamic. It has expanded to include teaching, learning (from students, peers, and patients alike), research, and publishing in leading medical journals.<br /> <br /> Professor Setshedi has excelled in every role, blazing a trail in the process. On July 1, she took the helm as chair and head of UCT�s Department of Medicine�a well-deserved milestone in what has been an unexpected yet profoundly rewarding journey.<br /> <br /> �I always say that if I had known that medicine, particularly academic medicine, involved so much teaching and talking�basically putting yourself out there�I probably wouldn�t have done it. I always thought medicine would just be me, the patient, and four walls,� she admitted with a laugh.<br /> <br /> Choosing Medicine<br /> <br /> It�s hard to imagine that, at the time of her mock matric exams, the now-successful and award-winning clinician was still unsure of what she wanted to study. After some deliberation, she decided on medicine and enrolled at the then-University of Natal (now the University of KwaZulu-Natal) in Durban to pursue a Bachelor�s in Medicine and Surgery.<br /> <br /> �I don�t remember ever saying, �I want to be a doctor.� It just sort of happened, although my mother insists that when my siblings and I played as children, I always took on the role of the doctor,� she recalled. �But because medicine was one of those traditional professions kids went into, I chose it. Looking back, I say medicine chose me.�<br /> <br /> Similarly, gastroenterology found her rather than the other way around. After qualifying as a specialist, Setshedi initially planned to focus on endocrinology, even accepting a registrar position at King Edward Hospital in Durban. But when she agreed to cover for a colleague on maternity leave, a fellow registrar in gastroenterology, she unexpectedly discovered a new passion.<br /> <br /> �I didn�t know what to expect in gastroenterology, but I fell completely in love. I kept asking myself, �Where has gastroenterology been all my life? This is so cool!� As a frustrated surgeon, performing endoscopic procedures gave me the opportunity to work with my hands, and that�s what I found exciting. I didn�t plan it, but I loved it,� she said.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Zambia's Kwacha Expected to Face Mild Pressure Amidst Strong Dollar Demand

Business Unity South Africa (BUSA) has refused to sign the latest version of the Presidential Health Compact, citing concerns over unilateral changes made by the government. According to BUSA, these amendments have altered the compact�s original objectives, shifting its focus towards direct support of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Act, a move made without proper consultation with key stakeholders.<br /> <br /> BUSA highlighted that it has been a long-time supporter of the presidential health compact, endorsing its initial goals since its inception in 2018. The group noted that the original objectives were designed to promote collaboration between the public and private healthcare sectors, with a focus on critical areas such as improving health infrastructure, enhancing human resource planning, building management capacity, managing medico-legal risks, and ensuring the interoperability of health IT systems.

Nightingale Health Secures Additional Regulatory Approval from Singapore's Health Sciences Authority

Nightingale Health Plc, a leader in disease risk detection and preventative health, has received further regulatory approval from Singapore's Health Sciences Authority (HSA), the national regulator for medical devices, therapeutics, and healthcare products.<br /> <br /> Earlier this year, Nightingale Health announced its first approval, which covered the analysis of eight common clinical biomarkers, including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, glucose, and creatinine. The recent approval expands this to include the analysis of various fatty acids: total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-6 fatty acids.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

WHO Declares Mpox Outbreak a Global Health Emergency

WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has announced that the growing cases of mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and several other African nations now constitute a global health emergency.<br /> <br /> On August 14, the WHO warned that mpox has the potential to spread further across Africa and potentially beyond the continent.<br /> <br /> Already, Sweden�s public health agency has reported what it believes to be the first case of a more severe strain of mpox outside of Africa.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Business Unity SA Opposes Focus on NHI in Upcoming Presidential Health Compact

South Africa�s umbrella organization for organized business has raised objections to the emphasis on National Health Insurance (NHI) in the second presidential health compact, set to be signed on Thursday. The organization stated that it cannot endorse a policy it fundamentally opposes. A draft document circulated last week explicitly endorses NHI and its supporting legislation, which Business Unity SA (Busa) argues is unaffordable, unworkable, and poses a risk to both the country�s health system and investor confidence. Although the NHI Act was signed into law by President Cyril Ramaphosa on May 15, it has not yet been enacted.

Mediterranean Diet Linked to Lower Stress and Improved Mood

New research reveals that the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced feelings of stress and mental distress. In contrast, the Western diet, characterized by fast food and high-glycemic index foods, is linked to increased negative feelings.<br /> <br /> The Mediterranean diet, renowned for its focus on vegetables, whole grains, and heart-healthy fats like fish, is celebrated for its numerous health benefits, including enhanced heart health, blood sugar control, and cognitive function. The latest study adds mood improvement to its list of advantages.<br /> <br /> Researchers in nutritional neuroscience have found that the Mediterranean diet not only mitigates distress but also enhances positive stress (eustress). On the other hand, the Western diet, rich in processed foods and red meat, seems to exacerbate negative stress.<br /> <br /> Lina Begdache, PhD, RDN, the study�s senior author, noted that this research addresses gaps in understanding the impact of diet on stress perception. Kristin Kirkpatrick, MS, RD, echoed these findings, highlighting that similar studies have linked the Mediterranean diet with reduced depression and anxiety.<br /> <br /> The findings were published in the journal Nutrition and Health.

Escalating Medical Aid Costs in South Africa: A Trend Set to Continue

Over the past few years, medical aid contributions in South Africa have surged at a rate that is double the inflation rate. Industry experts caution that similar trends are expected to persist into 2025.<br /> <br /> For example, in 2017, a member on the Discovery Classic Comprehensive plan would have paid R4,506 per month. By 2024, the cost for the same plan has escalated to R8,381 per month�an 86% increase, far outpacing the 40% inflation rate over the same period.<br /> <br /> This pattern of medical aid price increases exceeding inflation is widespread across various schemes and providers, with the average rise being around 70%, leaving few exceptions.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Semaglutide Shows Promise in Reducing Cognitive Deficits and Nicotine Misuse Risk

In a recent study published in eClinicalMedicine, researchers found that semaglutide, a medication primarily prescribed for type 2 diabetes, does not increase the risk of developing neurological or psychiatric conditions. Surprisingly, semaglutide may even offer protection against cognitive deficits and nicotine misuse. These findings were derived from analyzing the electronic health records of tens of thousands of patients over a one-year period.<br /> <br /> Semaglutide is the active ingredient in several medications, including Ozempic. It functions by mimicking a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps regulate blood sugar levels. Beyond its glucose-lowering effects, semaglutide has also been recognized for its potential benefits in weight management, leading to its approval for treating obesity. The medication has gained significant attention due to its efficacy in improving metabolic health, reducing cardiovascular risks, and aiding weight loss.<br /> <br /> The motivation behind the new study stemmed from both its expanding use and emerging concerns about its safety profile. While randomized controlled trials have confirmed the benefits of semaglutide on metabolic and cardiovascular health, there have been reports of potential adverse neuropsychiatric effects, such as worsening mood and suicidal behavior.

Ozempic-Like Weight Loss Drug to Arrive in Australian Pharmacies

A new drug mimicking the popular weight loss medicine Ozempic will be available in Australian pharmacies within days. Both Ozempic and Wegovy are produced by Novo Nordisk and contain the same active ingredient, Semaglutide. This ingredient mimics a hormone released by the gut after eating, helping to reduce cravings and control hunger.<br /> <br /> Similar to Ozempic, the drug is administered through a once-weekly pen but contains a higher amount of Semaglutide. While Ozempic is approved only for managing type 2 diabetes, Wegovy is designed to manage chronic weight conditions.<br /> <br /> Approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) since 2022, the drug is intended for weight loss and management in obese or overweight individuals, in conjunction with increased exercise and a reduced-calorie diet. However, it has not been sold in Australia until now.<br /> <br /> Wegovy will not be listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, and cost details are yet to be announced. In the United States, a 28-day pack of the medicine costs approximately US$1349.02 (AU$2064.23).<br /> <br /> The drug's introduction comes amid a supply shortage of Ozempic, which Novo Nordisk has indicated will continue throughout 2024. Additionally, in May, the Australian government banned chemist-made copycat versions of Ozempic due to severe side effects such as nerve damage, bleeding gums, severe diarrhea, vomiting blood, and rashes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Potential Breakthrough in Obesity Drugs: Targeting Brain Neurons to Avoid Nausea

Nausea is a common side effect of obesity and Type 2 diabetes medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, often leading some users to discontinue their use. However, scientists at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia have discovered a collection of neurons in the brains of mice that may promote weight loss without causing nausea.<br /> <br /> The researchers suggest that obesity drug developers should focus on the nucleus tractus solitarius, a crucial brainstem structure that processes taste information. Amber L. Alhadeff, the senior study author and assistant member at Monell, stated, "Developing experimental obesity drugs that selectively activate this population may promote weight loss while avoiding aversive side effects."

Ilco Farming: A Journey of Learning and Growth in Medical Cannabis Production

Ilco Farming, owned by Ilse and Coenie Venter in the Free State, has made significant strides in medical cannabis production and export to Australia. Reflecting on their journey, Coenie expresses enthusiasm for the industry, stating, "Yes! We love the industry. Medical cannabis has massive potential worldwide. Although we faced many challenges and encountered closed doors, we also met and collaborated with remarkable individuals who helped us advance. In hindsight, we would approach it differently than we did initially."<br /> <br /> Coenie highlights that having their current team from the beginning would have been advantageous. It took time to assemble the right people to drive the business forward. Their team now includes Tyler Muller (head of cultivation), Danielle van der Burg (quality control and processing specialist), and Bern� van Coller (resident pharmacist). As Coenie puts it, "Teamwork makes the dream work."<br /> <br /> The construction of Ilco Farming's high-tech medical cannabis production plant began in January 2021, with the plant officially licensed by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) in November 2021.<br /> <br /> Ilco Farming specializes in producing high-THC cannabis cultivars, requiring rigorous SAHPRA licensing. Their focus is on high-quality cannabis flowers used for inhalation, which must have a dense bud, visible trichome crystals, and a terpene profile that varies from fruity to cheesy or grassy.<br /> <br /> Maintaining top quality and safeguarding product integrity are crucial for Ilco Farming, as their products significantly impact clients' quality of life. Controlling the growing, drying, and processing environments is essential to prevent issues such as mould and pathogens. They also utilize natural pest management methods to protect against insect infestations, ensuring the best product standards and preserving yields.

Regulator Appeals Court Decision to End Provisional Curatorship of Medipos Scheme

The regulator of the medical schemes industry has appealed the Pretoria High Court's recent decision to lift the provisional curatorship imposed on the SA Post Office (Sapo) medical scheme, Medipos. The regulator argues that the judge made an error and that the curatorship should have been upheld.<br /> <br /> Medipos, which provides coverage exclusively for post office employees and their dependents, faced severe financial difficulties due to the Post Office's insolvency and failure to timely pay members' contributions.<br /> <br /> In August 2021, the Post Office owed Medipos over R600 million, putting members' medical benefits at risk of suspension. In response, the Council for Medical Schemes (CMS) secured a court order in February 2023 to place the scheme under provisional curatorship, citing imminent financial collapse and significant governance issues.<br /> <br /> The court's provisional curatorship included suspending the board of trustees and appointing Justice Ephraim Kudumela as the provisional curator. Medipos did not initially contest the curatorship.<br /> <br /> However, on July 19, Judge Brenda Neukircher ruled to lift the provisional curatorship, finding no significant governance problems with the board's actions. She noted that the board had acted in members' interests by securing a court order in September 2021 to recover outstanding contributions from the Post Office and initiating enforcement actions to ensure payment.

China's Medical Insurance System Sees Stable Growth and Enhanced Services in 2023

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhua) -- China's medical insurance system demonstrated stable operation in 2023, with significant improvements in service delivery and the sustainability of medical insurance funds, according to a recent report.<br /> <br /> The National Healthcare Security Administration released a statistical report on Thursday detailing the development of the country's medical insurance industry over the past year.<br /> <br /> Enhanced Cross-Regional Medical Services<br /> <br /> The convenience of cross-regional medical visits has improved. By the end of 2023, China had integrated over 550,000 medical and pharmaceutical institutions into the national medical insurance network for trans-provincial bill settlements. This network includes approximately 198,000 medical institutions and 352,400 pharmacies.<br /> <br /> In 2023, there were 243 million cross-regional outpatient, emergency room, and inpatient visits, involving medical expenses totaling 711.1 billion yuan (about 997.04 million U.S. dollars). These figures marked a substantial increase from 2022, which recorded 110 million visits and expenses of 521.7 billion yuan.<br /> <br /> Increased Accessibility and Coverage<br /> <br /> The national healthcare insurance program delivered 2.61 billion medical and healthcare services to Chinese citizens in 2023, representing a 21.1 percent year-on-year increase. By the end of the year, the program had built the world's largest basic healthcare insurance network, covering over 95 percent of China's population.<br /> <br /> Efforts to Reduce Medical Costs<br /> <br /> China's centralized bulk drug procurement initiative continues to play a significant role in reducing medical expenses. In 2023, two procurement batches involved 80 drugs, resulting in an average price reduction of 57 percent. Currently, more than 3,000 Western and traditional Chinese medicines are included in the national basic healthcare insurance scheme, with a growing number of cancer and rare disease treatments added to the list.<br /> <br /> Ongoing Reforms and Future Plans<br /> <br /> China remains committed to further reforming its medical and healthcare systems. Planned measures include enhancing the public health system, upgrading community-level medical and healthcare services, and deepening public hospital reforms. Additionally, a new round of updates to the catalog of insurance-covered medicines is underway this year, expected to provide even greater benefits to the public, according to Zhu Weiguo, a medical insurance official at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide in Early-Stage Diabetes: Insights from a New Italian Study

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, is commonly used to treat diabetes, cardiovascular health issues, and facilitate weight loss. Traditionally administered via injection, semaglutide mimics the glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone, stimulating insulin release and slowing gastric emptying to promote satiety.<br /> <br /> Study Findings on Oral Semaglutide<br /> <br /> A new clinical trial in Italy has investigated the efficacy of oral semaglutide, particularly in patients with early-stage diabetes. The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, highlights that oral semaglutide is most beneficial for those recently diagnosed with diabetes. These patients showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels (a measure of blood sugar) and body weight. However, the study noted that oral semaglutide is less effective than its injectable counterparts in other patients.<br /> <br /> Challenges with Oral Administration<br /> <br /> Oral semaglutide requires significantly larger doses than injectables due to lower bioavailability; less of the drug reaches the bloodstream, which may reduce its effectiveness. Despite this, it offers a valuable alternative for patient preferences and circumstances, such as concerns over injectable drug shortages.<br /> <br /> Comparative Effectiveness<br /> <br /> The typical dosing for injectable semaglutide, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, ranges from 0.25 mg to 2.4 mg per week. In contrast, participants in the Italian study were given daily doses of oral semaglutide starting at 3 mg and increasing to 7 mg, with some receiving up to 14 mg daily. The study found that even at these higher doses, the drug was generally well tolerated.<br /> <br /> Broader Implications and Future Directions<br /> <br /> Oral semaglutide, like the currently available Rybelsus, may serve as a viable alternative for patients, particularly those newly diagnosed with diabetes. However, further research is needed to fully assess its long-term efficacy and cardiovascular benefits, with ongoing studies such as the SOUL trial expected to provide more insights.<br /> <br /> Expert Opinions<br /> <br /> Experts like Dr. Vanita R. Aroda from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dr. Andrew Hogan from Maynooth University emphasize the importance of having both oral and injectable options to accommodate patient needs. They note that while injectable semaglutide remains more effective, oral formulations could enhance accessibility and patient adherence, especially among adolescents and those wary of injections.

Researchers Develop Advanced Robotic System for Precise Magnetic Medical Device Control

Using a newly-devised complex algorithm, researchers have created a perfectly choreographed "dance" between two robotic arms, ensuring a clear space for a patients body and maintaining a consistent magnetic field.<br /> <br /> The innovative system, developed at the University of Leeds, employs two robotic arms, each maneuvering a large permanent magnet to guide magnetic medical devices, such as vine robots. The two-step process, published in the International Journal of Robotics Research, carefully plans the path of the magnets to prevent collisions with each other or the patient.<br /> <br /> Additionally, the algorithm ensures the magnetic field remains stable, avoiding erratic effects on the medical device inside the patient.<br /> <br /> Safe, Accurate Control<br /> The studys lead author, Ph.D. researcher Michael Brockdorff from Leeds School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, explained, "This paper shows that by using the trajectory planning algorithm we have devised, the dual External Permanent Magnet platform could be used to accurately control magnetic medical devices in a safe manner. We demonstrated this by navigating a soft magnetic robot through the tiny pathways of a brain phantom to the base of an aneurysm, where drugs or medical devices could be deployed for treatment."<br /> <br /> The research was conducted in collaboration with Ryan K. Mathew, Associate Professor at Leeds and Honorary Consultant Neurosurgeon at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. The next step, pending funding, will be in-human trials using cadavers.

Dr. Robert Lufkin Challenges Conventional Medicine in New Book

Dr. Robert Lufkin, a radiologist who calls himself a "medical school insider," has taught at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the Keck School of Medicine of USC. While Lufkin supports Western medicine for its life-saving surgeries and treatments, he is alarmed by the rise of preventable chronic diseases like obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.<br /> <br /> In his new book, “Lies I Taught in Medical School: How Conventional Medicine Is Making You Sicker and What You Can Do to Save Your Own Life,” Lufkin argues that conventional treatments often fail to address the root causes of these diseases. He emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes over medication and surgery.<br /> <br /> Weight Loss, Exercise, and Calories<br /> Lufkin’s Perspective:<br /> Lufkin challenges the idea that weight loss is simply about exercising more and eating less. He argues that not all calories are equal, as carbohydrates stimulate insulin, leading to fat storage, whereas fats and proteins provide energy without triggering the same response. He advocates for reducing carbohydrate intake to lose weight.<br /> <br /> Expert View:<br /> Dr. Deena Adimoolam, an endocrinologist, acknowledges that while different macronutrients affect the body differently, weight loss fundamentally depends on maintaining a calorie deficit. She notes that restrictive diets can work but emphasizes the need for personalized approaches.<br /> <br /> Official Guidance:<br /> Organizations like the CDC and the Endocrine Society highlight that combining physical activity with calorie reduction is key to weight loss.<br /> <br /> High Blood Pressure Management<br /> Lufkin’s Perspective:<br /> Lufkin contends that treating high blood pressure with drugs alone is not the best approach. He believes lifestyle changes, particularly adopting a metabolically healthy diet and regular exercise, are more effective in managing hypertension long-term.<br /> <br /> Expert View:<br /> Dr. Beth Abramson, a cardiologist, agrees that lifestyle changes are important but stresses that many patients also need medication to control their blood pressure effectively.<br /> <br /> Official Guidance:<br /> The CDC and the American Heart Association advise that lifestyle changes are crucial but often need to be complemented by medication.<br /> <br /> Preventing Heart Disease<br /> Lufkin’s Perspective:<br /> Lufkin is critical of relying on statins to prevent heart disease, arguing that metabolic health is more important. He suggests that diet and lifestyle choices play a larger role in heart disease risk than LDL cholesterol levels.<br /> <br /> Expert View:<br /> Dr. Abramson asserts that high LDL cholesterol and saturated fat are significant risk factors for heart disease. She supports the use of statins for people with high cholesterol or at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.<br /> <br /> Official Guidance:<br /> Medical organizations recommend reducing saturated fat intake and using statins where appropriate to lower cardiovascular disease risk.

Navigating South Africa's Top Medical Aid Schemes

According to the latest annual report from the Council of Medical Schemes (CMS), 9.04 million South Africans are currently covered by registered medical aid schemes, with the majority belonging to the ten largest plans.<br /> <br /> These ten largest medical aid schemes in South Africa include six open-plan medical aids, available to everyone, and four restricted plans, available only to specific groups. These schemes collectively account for nearly 80% of the entire medical aid market. With each plan offering different terms and conditions, it can be easy to feel overwhelmed and focus solely on price.<br /> <br /> To help simplify the choices, BusinessTech examined the various products offered by the country's largest open schemes and included the plan charges for 2024, as price often plays a significant role in decision-making. This overview is not a comprehensive review of each plan but provides a starting point for those considering changing schemes, upgrading, or downgrading. It is essential to carefully review the information provided by the respective groups to ensure your health needs are covered.<br /> <br /> South African medical schemes operate as non-profit trusts owned by their members, pooling contributions to cover medical costs and maintaining a surplus to prevent collapse. Some plans offer a savings option, allowing members to create a personal savings pool from their contributions.<br /> <br /> By law, medical aid schemes must cover a set list of chronic illnesses known as the Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMB), ensuring access to minimum health services for all members, regardless of their selected benefit option. Beyond this, schemes differentiate themselves through product offerings such as annual limits, specialized benefits, family coverage, day-to-day coverage, and networked doctors and hospitals. These offerings can vary both within a single group's plans and from company to company.<br /> <br /> Top 5 Medical Aid Schemes<br /> <br /> As of the end of 2023, Discovery remains the largest medical scheme in the country, with 1.36 million members and close to 2.8 million beneficiaries, marking an increase from 1.33 million members and 2.7 million beneficiaries the previous year. The majority of the country's medical aid members are subscribed to open (O) schemes, accounting for 2.38 million members and 4.86 million beneficiaries, with Discovery attributing to about 58% of these totals.<br /> <br /> Restricted (R) medical schemes, which provide industry-specific or company-specific coverage, account for the remaining numbers with 1.75 million members and 4.2 million beneficiaries. The Government Employee Medical Scheme (GEMS) is the largest player in this category, with 805,500 members and 2.14 million beneficiaries, representing roughly 46% and 51% of restricted members and beneficiaries, respectively.<br /> <br /> Impact of the National Healthcare Insurance (NHI) Bill<br /> <br /> Following the signing of the National Healthcare Insurance (NHI) Bill in 2024, there has been understandable anxiety about the future of medical aid. The main cause of concern among South Africans stems from how the new laws will affect medical aid, raising questions about the future of benefits and the necessity of maintaining medical aid coverage.

Exploring Diverse Approaches to Healing: Western, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine

The medical landscape is vast and varied, encompassing traditional Western practices, holistic approaches, and alternative therapies. Each offers distinct benefits and perspectives on health and wellness, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of individuals, whether for mending a broken leg or through biokinetics.<br /> <br /> Traditional Western Medicine<br /> <br /> Known as allopathic or conventional medicine, traditional Western medicine is the most widely practiced form of healthcare in many parts of the world, including the Lowveld area. It relies on scientifically tested methods and treatments, such as pharmaceuticals, surgery, and advanced diagnostic tools. Western medicine is particularly effective in acute and emergency situations where immediate and targeted intervention is needed.<br /> <br /> Western medicine is grounded in scientific methods, emphasizing evidence-based practice. Healthcare providers undergo extensive training to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions. Key elements include:<br /> <br /> Pharmaceuticals: Medications are developed and tested through rigorous clinical trials to ensure effectiveness and safety. These drugs treat various conditions, from infections to chronic diseases.<br /> Surgery: Surgical interventions can correct structural issues, remove diseased tissues, and improve quality of life. Advances in technology have led to minimally invasive procedures, reducing recovery times.<br /> Diagnostic Tools: Techniques such as X-rays, MRIs, and blood tests help in accurately diagnosing illnesses, enabling targeted treatment plans.<br /> Holistic Medicine<br /> <br /> Holistic medicine takes a comprehensive approach to health, focusing on the integration of body, mind, and spirit. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all aspects of an individual's well-being, aiming to treat the whole person rather than just the symptoms of a disease. Holistic practitioners often combine conventional medical treatments with alternative therapies to promote overall health and balance. Key principles include:<br /> <br /> Prevention and Wellness: Emphasizing lifestyle changes and preventive measures to maintain health and prevent disease, including nutrition, exercise, stress management, and spiritual practices.<br /> Patient-Centered Care: Developing personalized treatment plans that consider the unique needs, preferences, and values of the patient.<br /> Integration of Therapies: Combining conventional treatments with alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, herbal medicine, and energy healing.<br /> Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)<br /> <br /> CAM encompasses a wide range of practices not typically part of conventional Western medicine. These therapies can be used alongside (complementary) or instead of (alternative) traditional treatments, often drawing from various cultural and historical traditions. Some popular CAM therapies include:<br /> <br /> Acupuncture: An ancient Chinese practice involving inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to balance energy flow (qi) and promote healing.<br /> Chiropractic Care: Focuses on diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders, particularly those related to the spine. Chiropractors use manual adjustments to improve alignment and alleviate pain.<br /> Mind-Body Therapies: Practices such as yoga, meditation, and tai chi that promote relaxation, reduce stress, and enhance mental and emotional well-being.<br /> Herbal Medicine: The use of plants and plant extracts to treat various health conditions. Herbal remedies are often rooted in traditional practices and can support overall wellness or address specific issues.<br /> Biokinetics: The study of human movement, focusing on improving physical health through exercise. It aims to enhance performance, prevent injury, and aid in rehabilitation through scientifically designed programs.<br /> Homeopathy: A system of medicine based on the principle of �like cures like'. Homeopathic remedies are highly diluted substances that aim to stimulate the body's self-healing mechanisms.<br /> Integrative Medicine<br /> <br /> Integrative medicine combines elements of both conventional and alternative approaches, aiming to provide comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of a patient's health. Integrative practitioners work collaboratively with patients to develop treatment plans that incorporate the best of both worlds, offering a holistic approach to healing. Key focuses include:<br /> <br /> Whole-Person Care: Considering the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions of health.<br /> Evidence-Based Practice: Utilizing therapies and treatments that have been scientifically validated while also being open to exploring innovative and traditional approaches.<br /> Collaboration: Encouraging a partnership between the patient and practitioner, fostering open communication and shared decision-making.

Understanding Blood Pressure: A Guide to Managing Hypertension

Blood pressure is the force your blood exerts against the walls of your blood vessels. This pressure is influenced by the resistance of the blood vessels and the workload of your heart. Various conditions, medications, and health factors can elevate this pressure, potentially leading to hypertension, a condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure.<br /> <br /> <br /> What is Hypertension?<br /> <br /> Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 140/90 mm Hg. The systolic reading (the first number) measures the pressure as the heart pumps blood, while the diastolic reading (the second number) measures the pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with blood. Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysm.<br /> <br /> How Common is Hypertension?<br /> <br /> Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 140/90 mm Hg. The systolic reading (the first number) measures the pressure as the heart pumps blood, while the diastolic reading (the second number) measures the pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with blood. Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysm.<br /> <br /> <br /> Symptoms of Hypertension<br /> <br /> Most people with hypertension experience no noticeable symptoms. However, in rare and severe cases, it can cause:<br /> <br /> � Sweating<br /> � Anxiety<br /> � Sleeping problems<br /> � Blushing<br /> A hypertensive crisis, a more severe form, can lead to headaches and nosebleeds.<br /> <br /> Complications of Hypertension<br /> <br /> Long-term hypertension can cause complications through atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in blood vessels, narrowing them. This makes the heart work harder, exacerbating hypertension and leading to:<br /> <br /> � Heart failure and heart attacks<br /> � Aneurysms<br /> � Kidney failure<br /> � Strokes<br /> � Amputations<br /> � Hypertensive retinopathies, potentially causing blindness<br /> <br /> Measuring Blood Pressure<br /> <br /> Temporary increases in blood pressure can occur due to acute stress or intense exercise. Therefore, a diagnosis of hypertension requires multiple readings over time to confirm sustained high blood pressure.<br /> <br /> Causes of Hypertension<br /> <br /> Primary (Essential) Hypertension: Often, the exact cause is unknown, but factors include:<br /> � Obesity<br /> � Insulin resistance<br /> � High salt intake<br /> � Excessive alcohol consumption<br /> � Sedentary lifestyle<br /> � Smoking<br /> <br /> <br /> Secondary Hypertension: Results from another health condition, such as:<br /> � Chronic kidney disease<br /> � Diabetes<br /> � Adrenal gland disorders<br /> � Thyroid problems<br /> � Pregnancy<br /> � Sleep apnea<br /> <br /> <br /> Risk Factors for Hypertension<br /> <br /> Several factors increase the risk, including:<br /> <br /> � Age: More common in people over 65.<br /> � Ethnicity: Higher prevalence in African Americans.<br /> � Weight: Obesity is a major risk factor.<br /> � Alcohol and tobacco use: Regular use increases risk.<br /> � Sex: Males are at higher risk until females reach menopause.<br /> � Existing health conditions: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and high cholesterol levels increase risk.<br /> <br /> <br /> Managing and Treating Hypertension<br /> <br /> Lifestyle Changes: The first line of treatment includes:Follow a heart-healthy diet, such as the DASH diet, which emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while reducing salt and unhealthy fats.<br /> � Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week.<br /> � Stress Reduction: Techniques like meditation, warm baths, yoga, and long walks can help.<br /> � Diet: Follow a heart-healthy diet, such as the DASH diet, which emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy while reducing salt and unhealthy fats.<br /> <br /> Medication: Various antihypertensive medications are available, and a healthcare provider may recommend a combination to manage blood pressure effectively.<br /> <br /> <br /> Diet Tips<br /> <br /> � Reduce Salt Intake: Aim for less than 2,300 mg per day, or 1,500 mg for those with hypertension.<br /> � Moderate Alcohol Consumption: Limit to two drinks per day for men and one for women.<br /> � Eat More Heart-Healthy Foods: Prioritize whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Weight Management<br /> <br /> Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the workload on your heart, helping to manage blood pressure. A balanced diet with appropriate calorie intake based on your size, sex, and activity level is essential.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> FAQs<br /> <br /> What Causes Hypertension? ? Primary hypertension is often due to lifestyle factors like obesity and high salt intake, while secondary hypertension results from conditions like diabetes and kidney disease.<br /> <br /> How Can You Manage Hypertension? Increase physical activity, lose weight, reduce salt and alcohol intake, and eat a diet rich in whole fruits and vegetables. Medications may also be necessary.<br /> What Are the Warning Signs of High Blood Pressure? Severe hypertension can cause symptoms like sweating, anxiety, sleeping problems, and blushing.<br /> How Can You Lower Blood Pressure Quickly? Practicing relaxation techniques and taking prescribed medications can help lower blood pressure during extreme stress.<br /> <br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Hypertension is a silent but dangerous condition that significantly increases the risk of heart-related diseases. Regular monitoring, a healthy lifestyle, and appropriate medications can help manage blood pressure and reduce the risk of severe complications. Stay proactive about your health to maintain optimal blood pressure and overall well-being.

MIT Study Reveals How Propofol Induces Unconsciousness by Disrupting Brain Stability

Anesthesiologists have long used various drugs to induce unconsciousness in patients, but the exact mechanism by which these drugs work has been unclear. MIT neuroscientists have now uncovered how the commonly used anesthesia drug propofol causes the brain to lose consciousness.<br /> <br /> Using a novel technique to analyze neuron activity, the researchers discovered that propofol disrupts the brain's balance between stability and excitability. The drug causes brain activity to become increasingly unstable, ultimately leading to unconsciousness.<br /> <br /> "The brain operates on a knife's edge between excitability and chaos," explains Earl K. Miller, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience and a member of MIT's Picower Institute for Learning and Memory. "Propofol seems to disrupt the mechanisms that keep the brain in that narrow operating range."<br /> <br /> The findings, published in Neuron, may help develop better tools for monitoring patients during general anesthesia.<br /> <br /> Miller and Ila Fiete, a professor of brain and cognitive sciences and director of the K. Lisa Yang Integrative Computational Neuroscience Center (ICoN) at MIT, are the senior authors of the study. MIT graduate student Adam Eisen and postdoc Leo Kozachkov are the lead authors.<br /> <br /> Understanding Propofol's Effect<br /> Propofol binds to GABA receptors in the brain, inhibiting neurons with these receptors. The researchers hypothesized that propofol, and possibly other anesthesia drugs, interfere with a brain state known as "dynamic stability." This state allows neurons to respond to new input while maintaining control and preventing over-excitement.<br /> <br /> Previous studies on anesthesia drugs' effects have produced conflicting results. Some suggested that the brain becomes too stable and unresponsive, while others found it becomes too excitable, leading to chaos.<br /> <br /> In this study, the researchers analyzed electrical recordings from animals receiving propofol over an hour, covering brain areas involved in vision, sound processing, spatial awareness, and executive function. Using a technique called delay embedding, they quantified how the brain responds to sensory inputs and spontaneous neural activity.<br /> <br /> In the normal awake state, neural activity spikes and returns to baseline quickly. Under propofol, the brain took longer to return to baseline, remaining overly excited until unconsciousness occurred.<br /> <br /> Replicating the Effect<br /> To replicate this effect, the researchers created a neural network model. Increasing inhibition in the network, similar to propofol's action, destabilized activity, mirroring the observed instability in animals.<br /> <br /> "This paradoxical effect, where boosting inhibition destabilizes the network, occurs because of disinhibition," explains Fiete. "Propofol increases inhibitory drive, which inhibits other inhibitory neurons, resulting in overall increased brain activity."<br /> <br /> The researchers suspect other anesthetic drugs may converge on the same effect through different mechanisms and are now exploring this possibility.<br /> <br /> Improving Anesthesia Control<br /> These findings could aid efforts to develop systems that precisely control anesthesia levels by measuring brain dynamics and adjusting dosages in real-time. Miller and Emery Brown, the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering at MIT, are working on such systems.<br /> <br /> "If common mechanisms are found across different anesthetics, safety protocols can be standardized," says Miller. "You don't want a different system for every anesthetic used in the operating room. You want one that'll do it all."<br /> <br /> The researchers also plan to apply their technique to other brain states, including neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia.<br /> <br /> "This method is powerful and exciting to apply to different brain states and conditions," says Fiete.<br /> <br /> The research was funded by the Office of Naval Research, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Science Foundation, the Simons Center for the Social Brain, the Simons Collaboration on the Global Brain, the JPB Foundation, the McGovern Institute, and the Picower Institute.

Rising Demand for Weight-Loss Drugs Spurs Issues with Cost, Safety, and Legality

The high cost of weight-loss drugs, approximately $1,000 per month, is often not covered by insurers, driving people to seek cheaper alternatives. The market for Ozempic alone is estimated at $11 billion this year and projected to reach $16.5 billion by 2029, according to Mordor Intelligence.<br /> <br /> Copycat drugs, as reported, are less reliable than brand-name medications produced by companies like Eli Lilly and Company and Novo Nordisk A/S. Bloomberg highlighted the case of Lindsay Posey, who experienced inconsistent results and severe acne from using such alternatives. Acne is not listed as a known side effect of semaglutide medications, which typically include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, fatigue, dizziness, bloating, belching, gas, heartburn, and a runny nose or sore throat.<br /> <br /> <br /> Posey remarked, "My skin just went absolutely crazy," and upon her doctor's suggestion that the medication might be to blame, she reflected, "That's not really something you want to hear."<br /> <br /> <br /> According to the American Pharmacists Association, "compounding is the creation of a pharmaceutical preparation by a licensed pharmacist to meet the unique needs of an individual patient when a commercially available drug does not meet those needs." This includes situations where a drug is in shortage or discontinued.<br /> <br /> <br /> Copycat or reformulated drugs are not tracked through FDA prescription systems or many state pharmacy boards. Scott Brunner, CEO of the Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding, stated that FDA guidelines intentionally allow state-licensed compounding pharmacies to prepare copies of FDA-approved drugs during shortages. He emphasized the need for thorough investigation when patients experience adverse events with compounded medications.<br /> <br /> <br /> Despite this, some pharmacies have failed to adhere to proper safety standards. A Louisiana pharmacy produced nearly 300 vials of injectable weight-loss shots without proper contaminant testing, and in Arizona, drugs were mixed in non-sterile conditions. Investigations are ongoing in Massachusetts and Mississippi. Past issues include a 2012 fungal meningitis outbreak traced to a Massachusetts pharmacy, resulting in over 750 infections and more than 60 deaths.<br /> <br /> The high demand for injectable weight-loss drugs has led to legal battles. Last year, a Florida judge ruled against Eli Lilly, maker of tirzepatide (the active ingredient in Zepbound), after it attempted to use state law to block reformulated versions of the drug. U.S. federal court judge Roy Altman stated that Lilly was trying to preempt the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Novo Nordisk, maker of Ozempic and Wegovy, has also challenged compounding pharmacies and wellness clinics marketing altered versions of semaglutide, citing concerns about impurities and lower concentrations.<br /> <br /> <br /> In May, Eli Lilly settled with Totality Medispa, which it accused of misleading consumers into believing it sold FDA-approved drugs. Lilly expressed deep concern that counterfeit or misrepresented products could expose patients to serious health risks, emphasizing the need for state and federal regulators to take action against those selling unsafe products.

Egypt's Health Ministry Launches Campaign to Enhance Medical Services

Egypt's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health and Population, Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, has instructed his deputies, assistants, and heads of sectors and bodies to engage directly with citizens to assess their satisfaction with medical services and identify any service shortcomings for prompt resolution.<br /> <br /> As part of this initiative, the deputy ministers have begun a field visit campaign to hospitals and primary care units across all governorates, starting with four Upper Egypt governorates on Sunday. This effort aims to identify and address challenges within the health sector, thereby improving service efficiency to meet citizens' expectations, according to a press release from the Ministry.<br /> <br /> Hossam Abdel Ghaffar, the official spokesperson for the Ministry of Health and Population, specified that the campaign's first phase targets the governorates of Beni Suef, Minya, Assiut, and Sohag, and will run from July 21 to 29.<br /> <br /> Abdel Ghaffar emphasized that the campaign's primary goal is to listen to citizens and understand their needs to enhance their satisfaction with health services. Additionally, the campaign aims to gather feedback from medical staff regarding obstacles and challenges in service provision, and to assess the readiness and efficiency of healthcare facilities.<br /> <br /> The Ministry's spokesperson highlighted that health challenges are complex and interconnected, making piecemeal solutions ineffective. Therefore, this campaign aims to address all issues comprehensively and provide immediate, effective solutions. These efforts will be carried out in full coordination with local governors, their deputies, and members of the House of Representatives and the Senate in each governorate.

Understanding the Limitations of Medical Gap Insurance for South African Consumers

South African consumers often misunderstand the scope of medical gap insurance, erroneously believing it will cover every medical aid shortfall.<br /> <br /> In the latest report from the Ombudsman for Short-Term Insurance (OTSI), Assistant Ombudsman Zuleckha Cara highlighted that many consumers mistakenly assume medical gap insurance will cover any shortfall not addressed by their comprehensive medical aid.<br /> <br /> It's crucial to understand that gap cover, like any insurance policy, comes with terms and conditions, meaning there are situations where the insurer will not cover the shortfall.<br /> <br /> One case involved an insured individual who submitted a claim to his medical gap cover provider for amounts owed to his medical practitioner after a cardiovascular-related procedure. The insured believed the insurer must honor the contract, as they had advertised coverage for any doctor's shortfall.<br /> <br /> However, the insurer rejected the claim, stating the procedure codes in question were excluded from the cover. Cara explained that these codes fell under Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs), which are costs the comprehensive medical aid policy should cover in full.<br /> <br /> The insured sought relief, asking the insurer to cover the shortfall not paid by the medical aid scheme. During the investigation, it was revealed that while the policy initially covered PMBs, it had been amended before the claim. The insured had been explicitly informed that PMB-related treatments would no longer be covered due to changes in the Medical Schemes Act regulations, which mandate that all medical schemes pay the full costs of diagnoses, treatments, and care for PMBs.<br /> <br /> PMBs are defined as "a set of benefits as defined in the Medical Schemes Act 131 of 1998 with Regulations, which ensure all Scheme members have access to certain minimum health benefits, regardless of their Medical Scheme option."<br /> <br /> The Ombudsman's office concluded that the insured could not expect the insurer to provide cover beyond what the law permitted, and the complaint was not upheld.<br /> <br /> "There are policy exclusions where medical gap insurance will not provide cover if the comprehensive medical aid scheme does not fully pay for a procedure or treatment, or if the insured failed to follow the medical scheme's rules," Cara noted.<br /> <br /> Consumers are advised to discuss their specific needs with financial service providers to find the best combination of medical aid and medical gap cover to meet their needs.

Study Links Medical Debt to Delayed and Forgone Mental Health Care Among Adults with Depression and Anxiety

Medical debt is significantly more common among adults with depression or anxiety compared to those without these mental health conditions, according to a new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study found that adults with depression or anxiety who have medical debt are twice as likely to report having delayed or skipped mental health care in the past year compared to those without medical debt.<br /> <br /> The researchers analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 2022 National Health Interview Survey, which included responses from 27,651 U.S. adults. They assessed the prevalence of medical debt among individuals with current and past depression or anxiety and examined the relationship between medical debt and delayed or forgone mental health care in the previous 12 months.<br /> <br /> Among adults with current depression and medical debt, 36.9% delayed mental health care, and 38% did not seek care in the past year. In contrast, for those with current depression but no medical debt, only 17.4% delayed care and 17.2% skipped it altogether.<br /> <br /> Similarly, among adults with current anxiety and medical debt, 38.4% delayed care, and 40.8% did not seek care in the past year. For those with current anxiety but no medical debt, 16.9% delayed care, and 17.1% skipped it.<br /> <br /> These findings were published online on July 17 in JAMA Psychiatry.<br /> <br /> The study highlights that the prevalence of medical debt is significantly higher among adults with depression and anxiety. Conversely, a substantial number of adults without medical debt also report delaying or skipping mental health care, indicating that medical debt exacerbates an existing issue.<br /> <br /> Kyle Moon, a PhD student in the Department of Mental Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, stated, "The prevalence of medical debt in the U.S. is already quite high, and the prevalence was significantly higher among adults with depression and anxiety. On the flip side, a relatively high number of adults with no medical debt also report delaying or forgoing mental health care, and medical debt appears to compound the problem."<br /> <br /> The study found that 27.3% of adults with current depression and 26.2% with current anxiety reported having medical debt in the past 12 months, compared to 9.4% of adults without current depression and 9.6% without current anxiety.<br /> <br /> The researchers gathered information on medical debt and delays or avoidance of mental health care through CDC survey questions, including whether respondents had problems paying medical bills or delayed/avoided mental health care due to cost. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scales, respectively, with a score of 10 or greater indicating moderate or severe symptoms.<br /> <br /> Consumer credit report data shows that medical debt is a major contributor to personal debt, which impacts access to healthcare treatment. Inability to pay medical debt has been shown to delay necessary care, particularly for mental health disorders: less than half of U.S. adults with mental disorders receive treatment. Medical debt remains common despite insurance coverage, with over 90% of individuals in this study being insured, yet 19.4% to 27.3% reported having medical debt in the past 12 months.<br /> <br /> The study also examined adults with a lifetime diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Among those with a lifetime depression diagnosis and medical debt, 29% delayed care due to cost, and 29.4% did not seek mental health care at all. Among adults with a lifetime anxiety diagnosis and medical debt, 28% delayed care, and 28.2% forwent care altogether.<br /> <br /> "Health systems have a critical role to play," Moon noted. "They could expand services for patients by improving the processes to determine patient eligibility for financial assistance."<br /> <br /> The study authors suggest that economic stressors and financial strain are risk factors for both depression and anxiety. Therefore, while medical debt may increase the risk of poor mental health, illness and disability are also risk factors for medical debt. The authors recommend further studies to evaluate state policies that can protect against medical debt and reduce barriers to mental health care for those in need.

Health Minister Motsoaledi Reaffirms Commitment to NHI in 2024/25 Budget

Newly reappointed Minister of Health, Dr. Aaron Motsoaledi, has strongly reiterated his support for the National Health Insurance (NHI). On Wednesday, July 17, the former Home Affairs Minister presented the Department of Health's budget for the 2024/25 financial year to the National Council of Provinces.<br /> <br /> Dr. Motsoaledi has been a staunch advocate of the NHI since his initial appointment as Health Minister by former President Jacob Zuma in 2009.<br /> <br /> NHI Funding in Its Early Stages<br /> <br /> The R62.2 billion budget allocates less than 1% to the NHI, which is still in the early phases of what Motsoaledi envisions as a revolutionary transformation. The budget sets aside R1.34 billion for the current phase of the NHI for this financial year, with an additional R2.79 billion planned for the next two financial years.<br /> <br /> These figures are significantly smaller compared to the allocations for primary healthcare and hospital systems. Over the next three years, primary healthcare is slated to receive at least R10.4 billion, starting with R3.31 billion this financial year. Hospital systems, covering public health facilities, will have R23.9 billion at their disposal, with an additional R50 billion allocated over the next two financial years.<br /> <br /> Addressing Inequality in Healthcare<br /> <br /> Motsoaledi's speech emphasized the social necessity of the NHI, advocating for it as a means to equalize healthcare access between the wealthy and the poor. He criticized the affluent for attempting to hinder the NHI and pointed out the privileges enjoyed by many government employees and officials.<br /> <br /> "I am painfully aware that in this House, I am standing in front of human beings who fall within one category of a privileged few who receive costly private care at the expense of the poor," Motsoaledi remarked.<br /> <br /> He also criticized the private sector, highlighting that tax rebates for private healthcare schemes amount to R100 billion. "1.3 million public servants, plus all Members of Parliament and Legislatures, and all judges of our country, are subsidised by the fiscus, to the tune of R70 billion per annum," he explained. "Any person in our country who is on a medical aid receives tax rebates from SARS. I am made to understand that this tax rebate amounts to approximately R30 billion."<br /> <br /> Questioning Healthcare Spending Efficiency<br /> <br /> Motsoaledi referenced The Lancet, stating that universal basic healthcare represents the third major medical transition, following demographic and epidemiological transitions. He noted that the World Health Organization recommends that nations spend 5% of their GDP on healthcare, while South Africa spends 8.5% on average, similar to European countries.<br /> <br /> "We are at 8.5% on average. European countries are at 9%. This means that our health system was supposed to be as advanced as countries in Europe," he said. "As is evident, that is not the case. The question is why?"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

When to Seek Medical Care: ER, Urgent Care, or Doctor?

Consumer Reports has no financial relationship with any advertisers on this site.<br /> <br /> Mild chest discomfort in the early morning, a high fever on a Saturday that doesn't respond to pain relievers, or dizziness after a fall�when should you call your doctor, visit an urgent care clinic, or head to the ER?<br /> <br /> "Going to the ER can be time-consuming and stressful," says Kevin Biese, director of geriatric emergency medicine at UNC School of Medicine. However, safety should always come first. Here's expert advice to guide you in key situations.<br /> <br /> Call 911 Immediately<br /> For urgent problems, get to an ER quickly by ambulance. "Ambulances provide lifesaving care en route and communicate with the hospital," Biese says. EMTs can determine the best hospital for your condition, such as a stroke center for stroke symptoms, where timely clot-busting drugs are critical.<br /> <br /> When to Call 911:<br /> <br /> Chest pain<br /> Shortness of breath<br /> Facial drooping<br /> Arm weakness<br /> Speech difficulty<br /> Head injury with confusion or unconsciousness<br /> Choking or breathing stoppage<br /> Spine or neck injury<br /> Severe burn<br /> Seizure<br /> Electric shock or lightning strike<br /> Go to the ER<br /> For respiratory symptoms with shortness of breath, head injuries, deep cuts, or intense vomiting, go to the ER. Notify your doctor's office if possible.<br /> <br /> Call Your Doctor<br /> For less urgent situations like a pulled muscle, call your doctor's office. Many practices reserve same-day appointments for urgent needs.<br /> <br /> Consider Urgent Care<br /> For non-life-threatening illnesses and injuries, urgent care clinics are a good option, especially after hours. They handle sprains, minor infections, and routine testing.<br /> <br /> Pharmacy walk-in clinics at CVS, Target, Walgreens, and Walmart are also good options for minor issues, often with extended hours for evening and weekend care.

Leading Tech Empowered Prepaid Medical Aid Solutions in SA

Prepaid medical aid functions like adding airtime to a cell phone, allowing clients to access a predetermined range of health services at a discounted fee. Vouchers can be redeemed at pharmacies, optometrists, dentists, or physicians, offering key benefits such as online doctor appointments facilitated by nurses.<br /> <br /> Discovery Prepaid Health<br /> Discovery Prepaid Health offers vouchers for essential primary care services in South Africa, making high-quality medical care accessible and affordable. Available via the Discovery Prepaid Health online app or WhatsApp at 0800 33 78 46, these vouchers can be redeemed at reputable clinics and hospitals nationwide.<br /> <br /> R300 GP + Meds Voucher: Covers the cost of a doctor's visit and prescribed medication. Accessible without medical aid membership, these vouchers can be used at any participating family doctor within the Discovery Prepaid Health network. The platform is free to use, though data charges may apply.<br /> <br /> Oyi prepaid medical cards can be used at hospitals and clinics, helping clients save money and maintain self-discipline for medical expenses. This Mastercard-powered debit card is accepted at all medical facilities in South Africa and can be used by anyone in the family. There are no minimum or maximum deposit requirements, and funds on the card can be used anytime for medical costs.<br /> <br /> NetCare Healthcare Vouchers<br /> NetCare's extensive national network offers Prepaid Healthcare Vouchers for affordable, high-quality private care. These vouchers can be used for services from physicians, optometrists, or dentists. NetcarePlus Prepaid Procedures cover all costs associated with medical procedures, providing peace of mind and financial clarity.<br /> <br /> CareWorks Prepaid Health Vouchers<br /> CareWorks provides access to high-quality medical care for those without private medical aid or health insurance. The Nurse & Video-Dr voucher allows customers to schedule appointments with nurses at affiliated pharmacy clinics. The nurse can initiate a video call with a doctor, and prescribed medications are dispensed at the pharmacy. This package includes certain tests and acute medications available at Dis-Chem or Medicare pharmacies.

Study Links Certain Antidepressants to Weight Gain

Your weight can fluctuate over the years for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond your control. Factors such as changes in diet, decreased exercise, illness, injury, age, and mental health issues can all contribute to weight gain. Additionally, some medications have weight gain as a side effect.<br /> <br /> A new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine has identified three specific antidepressants associated with weight gain. The research, involving 183,118 participants, revealed that those taking escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex), paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat), and duloxetine (Cymbalta) were more likely to gain weight.<br /> <br /> The team from Harvard Medical School found that individuals taking these medications had a 10 to 15 percent higher risk of gaining five percent or more of their baseline weight. These antidepressants, used to treat depression and anxiety, are also available through the NHS. Escitalopram can additionally help manage obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and panic attacks, while paroxetine is also prescribed for OCD, panic attacks, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<br /> <br /> The study, conducted over two years, focused on eight common antidepressants. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 80, with an average age of 48.

South Africa Discovers Two New Psychedelic Mushrooms

Breyten van der Merwe from Stellenbosch University with his collection of mushrooms in the department of microbiology. Photo: Supplied/Stefan Els<br /> <br /> Exciting news for mushroom enthusiasts and bushveld explorers! Two new species of psychedelic mushrooms have been discovered in South Africa. These fascinating fungi, belonging to the Psilocybe family, are known for their mind-altering effects.<br /> <br /> South Africa now boasts eight wild Psilocybes, thanks to this discovery by a team of citizen scientists and researchers from Stellenbosch University. The newly discovered species are Psilocybe ingeli and Psilocybe maluti.<br /> <br /> Psilocybe ingeli was found in KwaZulu-Natal pastures in 2023 by Talan Moult, a dedicated citizen mycologist. Psilocybe maluti was discovered in 2021 on a property in the Free State by Daniella Mulder, who sent photos to South African mycology expert Andrew Killian for identification. Both species underwent DNA analysis at Stellenbosch University, where postgraduate student Breyten van der Merwe led the research in Professor Karin Jacobs' lab.<br /> <br /> Interestingly, Psilocybe maluti has been found in pastures on cow manure in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and the highlands of Lesotho. The study suggests that traditional healers in Lesotho might be using Psilocybe maluti in their practices, potentially marking the first documented use of psychedelic mushrooms in traditional African medicine. Citizen scientist Cullen Taylor Clark collaborated with Mosotho healer Mamosebetsi Sethathi to explore the local use of Psilocybe maluti, known as koae-ea-lekhoaba.<br /> <br /> Van der Merwe believes there are likely many more wild Psilocybe species waiting to be discovered, and citizen scientists play a crucial role in this endeavor. "These two species were sent to me by citizen scientists. It would be impossible for a single researcher to cover a fraction of the area these mushroom enthusiasts have access to. This is the only way we will be able to further studies in African mycology," he says.<br /> <br /> Professor Jacobs concurs: "There are only a handful of mycologists in Africa documenting local biodiversity. Considering the vast mycological diversity on the continent, it is a daunting task. Collaborating with citizen mycologists is therefore hugely beneficial. In addition to more material, collaboration also opens avenues for conversation and exploration, which can lead to documenting mycophilia (the love of mushrooms) on the African continent.

NuMeRI's Groundbreaking Facility Revolutionizes Medical Research and Patient Care in South Africa

The Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) represents a significant shift in patient care and highlights South Africa's (SA) advanced scientific capabilities. "We provide a comprehensive medical imaging and theragnostics facility dedicated to drug development and clinical research," says NuMeRI CEO Prof. Mike Sathekge, a leading nuclear medicine physician. "This state-of-the-art health research facility is the first of its kind in SA and unmatched worldwide."<br /> <br /> NuMeRI's unique approach integrates preclinical imaging, radiopharmaceutical production, translational research, radiobiology, medical physics, clinical molecular imaging, and theragnostics under one roof. Theragnostics combines imaging technologies with targeted therapies to diagnose and treat diseases such as cancer, while also monitoring patient outcomes.<br /> <br /> This integration creates a unique ecosystem that spans from "laboratory bench to patient bedside," as Prof. Sathekge describes, adding that "the work done in this facility is improving patient outcomes in South Africa."<br /> <br /> NuMeRI's innovative prostate cancer treatment using targeted alpha therapy has received international acclaim and extended the lives of patients from diverse backgrounds. "This research was published earlier this year in The Lancet, one of the world's leading medical journals," Sathekge notes.<br /> <br /> NuMeRI's establishment also marks a success in collaboration, uniting national partners like NECSA/NTP, iThemba LABS, the University of Pretoria, and Steve Biko Academic Hospital. This partnership harnesses diverse strengths to benefit patients, students, researchers, and the broader economy.<br /> <br /> The facility, constructed on the roof of Steve Biko Academic Hospital, required advanced engineering and precise project execution. "This involved a continuous pour of specially designed high-density concrete from 80 cement trucks," Prof. Sathekge recalls. Despite challenges in securing funding and overcoming stigmas associated with nuclear medicine, NuMeRI has persevered.<br /> <br /> Prof. Sathekge is optimistic about the field's potential. "The field of Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy is advancing globally, and NuMeRI is ideally positioned during this industry upswing."<br /> <br /> Receiving the NSTF-South32 Award for Innovation through a Corporate Organisation for its contribution to medical research and patient care is more than just recognition. "It gives the public a glimpse of work that could change their lives within the next decade," Sathekge explains.<br /> <br /> NuMeRI will continue to push the boundaries of nuclear medicine research and application. This award serves as a reminder of SA's growing role in global medical innovation and its potential to develop affordable, cutting-edge healthcare solutions for its population and beyond.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Cardiology Deserts in Rural America Leave Millions at Risk of Heart Disease

Millions of Americans are likely to develop and die from heart disease while living in cardiology deserts�areas without a single heart specialist to provide care. New research published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology on Monday reveals that nearly half of all U.S. counties lack a practicing cardiologist.<br /> <br /> Most of these counties are rural, with residents who generally suffer from more complex medical issues. "The counties that do not have cardiologists probably need this type of specialty care even more," said Dr. Haider Warraich, senior author of the study and a cardiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.<br /> <br /> Residents of these underserved counties have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, Warraich noted.<br /> <br /> The study, conducted in partnership with the web-based pharmacy GoodRx, found that of the 3,143 counties in the U.S., 46.3% lack a cardiologist. Most of these, 86.2%, are rural counties characterized by lower income levels, limited access to healthy food, and fewer overall health care providers.<br /> <br /> Despite heart disease being the nation's leading cause of death, people in rural areas are dying earlier and more often from preventable heart disease, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report published in May. "We've got small towns with high health needs and the inability to seek care," said Alan Morgan, CEO of the National Rural Health Association.<br /> <br /> Counties with cardiologists have an average of 24 specialists, but 10% of counties have just one cardiologist for the entire population.<br /> <br /> Warraich's personal experience fueled his interest in studying cardiovascular disparities. Before joining Brigham and Women's Hospital in 2019, he was the sole cardiologist in Randolph County, North Carolina, which has a population of 146,043. "I had no backup. I had no colleague I could call," Warraich recalled. "I remember just knowing that the people who I was seeing had nowhere else to turn, that they were entirely dependent on me to be at my best."<br /> <br /> Warraich's data shows that Randolph County now has five cardiologists.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

South Africa's Medicines Regulator Proposes New Guidelines to Combat Codeine Abuse

Rehabilitation centers have reported a surge in codeine users in recent years. In response, South Africa's medicines regulator, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA), has published a draft guideline as part of a broader effort to track suspicious codeine sales. This guideline permits the regulator to request sales data from manufacturers, suppliers, or distributors to monitor the flow of codeine from production to distribution, including clinics, pharmacies, hospitals, and doctor's practices.<br /> <br /> Codeine, an opioid found in certain pain relief medicines and cough syrups, is often abused in large doses to achieve a high. The new draft guideline aims to address this misuse by allowing SAHPRA to request detailed sales data from companies and health workers, thereby identifying anomalies in the distribution of codeine.<br /> <br /> Previously, health authorities struggled to detect suspicious sales of codeine due to the lack of centralized data. Recreational users could obtain continuous supplies by purchasing from multiple pharmacies, while illicit bulk sales of codeine-based cough syrups contributed to the problem. A recent investigation revealed that a pharmacy group was involved in such illicit sales.<br /> <br /> The new guideline, part of the "codeine care initiative," aims to centralize data on all codeine sales nationwide. This initiative will enable SAHPRA to detect irregularities, such as unusually large orders by dispensaries, and flag individuals buying large amounts of codeine from multiple vendors.<br /> <br /> The draft guideline comes at a time when codeine addiction rates are soaring in South Africa. Data from drug and alcohol treatment facilities show that admissions for codeine misuse have tripled since 2019. Most rehabilitation centers participate in the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU), which collects anonymized patient data. According to Professor Nadine Harker, who oversees SACENDU, the increase in codeine-related admissions has been steady and significant.<br /> <br /> In the first half of 2019, 277 people admitted to SACENDU-linked rehab sites reported misusing codeine, accounting for 3% of all admissions. By the first half of 2023, this percentage had risen to 9%, with 749 people admitted for codeine misuse.<br /> <br /> Concerns about the easy availability of codeine have been growing. A mid-2010s survey of doctors revealed that 85% were worried about the accessibility of codeine in pharmacies. Long-term use of codeine-based medicines can lead to health complications, including stomach ulcers and liver damage, particularly when combined with substances like paracetamol.<br /> <br /> The increase in codeine use is partly driven by trends among young people, who mix codeine-based cough syrups with soft drinks to create a party drug known as "lean." The drug's low price and accessibility contribute to its popularity. Additionally, some individuals use codeine to cope with psychological distress, as evidenced by a 2022 study involving women in rehab centers.<br /> <br /> A lack of awareness about the dangers of codeine also plays a role. Many patients do not fully understand the risk of dependence on over-the-counter codeine medicines. Some researchers argue that codeine should be available only by prescription to reduce its misuse.<br /> <br /> However, increased regulation may pose challenges, especially for poorer patients needing pain relief. Making codeine prescription-only could also lead to a shift toward accessing opioids on the black market, as seen in other countries.<br /> <br /> Researchers agree on the need for public education about the risks of codeine. Pharmacists and medical professionals should engage with patients purchasing codeine and inform them of the potential consequences of misuse.

Study Links Ultra-Processed Foods to Increased Mortality Risk in Older Americans

A diet high in ultra-processed foods may increase the risk of mortality among older Americans by up to 10%, according to new research.<br /> <br /> Tracking the diet and health of over half a million participants for more than 20 years, the study found that the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods was among the younger members of the older adult cohort. The research suggests that older people consuming significant amounts of these foods were 10% more likely to die during the study period compared to those with lower consumption.<br /> <br /> The study utilized data from the US NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, focusing on adults aged 50 to 71 at the start in 1995-1996, with a median follow-up period of 22.9 years. Diets were scored using the NOVA system, which classifies foods based on their processing levels, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. Participants with higher ultra-processed food intake tended to have lower diet quality and higher BMI.<br /> <br /> Notably, the researchers validated the food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) through expert consensus and a novel food-based approach, categorizing foods by NOVA definitions. They also used two 24-hour diet recalls in a subgroup to calibrate their FFQ risk estimates, enhancing the study's rigor.<br /> <br /> Presented at the American Society for Nutrition's NUTRITION 2024 conference, the research highlights the health risks of ultra-processed foods, particularly their links to increased mortality from heart disease and diabetes, though not cancer.<br /> <br /> Understanding Ultra-Processed Foods<br /> <br /> According to the NOVA system:<br /> <br /> Unprocessed (Natural) Foods: Directly from plants or animals without alteration.<br /> Minimally Processed Foods: Cleaned and had inedible parts removed; may be cut, ground, dried, fermented, pasteurized, cooled, or frozen, but with no added substances.<br /> Processed Culinary Ingredients: Extracted from natural foods (e.g., oils, fats, salt, sugar) used in small amounts.<br /> Processed Foods: Manufactured with added sugar, salt, and oil for flavor and shelf life, with no more than two or three ingredients.<br /> Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF): Industrial creations with ingredients like oils, fats, sugars, modified starch, and hydrogenated fats, along with colorings and flavor enhancers, often containing five or more ingredients.<br /> Significance of the Study<br /> <br /> The study stands out due to its large sample size�318,889 men and 221,607 women�and its extended follow-up period. Dietitian Kristin Kirkpatrick, MS, RDN, noted the lengthy follow-up was significant but mentioned that details on dietary changes or other health-risk activities during the period were unclear.<br /> <br /> Michelle Routhenstein, MS, RD, CDCES, pointed out that the study shows higher consumption of ultra-processed foods increases mortality risk, independent of factors like smoking, obesity, and diet quality. Ultra-processed foods, higher in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and additives, lack essential nutrients and contain advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which can increase oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease risk.

Concerns Raised Over Biden's Debate Performance and Health

WASHINGTON (AP) � President Joe Biden's poor performance at the June 27 presidential debate has sparked concerns about his age, health, and ability to lead the federal government.<br /> <br /> <br /> Administration officials attributed Biden's confused and sometimes indecipherable answers during the debate with Republican Donald Trump to a head cold, jet lag, and inadequate preparation at Camp David. However, at 81, Biden's health remains a significant issue for many voters as the November election approaches. Dr. Kevin O'Connor, Biden's physician, commented on the president's health late Monday, following White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre's struggle to address these concerns during Monday's news briefing.<br /> <br /> <br /> Frequency of Medical Check-Ups for the President<br /> <br /> <br /> Jean-Pierre stated that Biden undergoes extensive yearly physical exams, emphasizing that the president's medical care is far more comprehensive than that of the average American. The president's medical unit is located within steps of the White House residence, allowing for frequent check-ins. Jean-Pierre noted that Biden has "verbal check-ins" with his doctor a couple of times a week, including one on Monday while he was exercising.<br /> <br /> Clarification on Post-Debate Medical Attention<br /> <br /> <br /> There was confusion regarding whether Biden saw his doctor about his cold after the June 27 debate. Initially, the White House indicated that no medical exam had taken place, but later clarified that a "short verbal check-in" had occurred, during which it was determined that no exam was necessary.

WHO to Ship Additional Mpox Medication to South Africa Amid Ongoing Outbreak

In response to the mpox outbreak in South Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) is preparing to send medication to treat an additional 50 people locally. During a briefing on Wednesday, Dr. Joseph Wamala from the WHO disclosed that the current supply of Tecovirimat (TPOXX or ST-246) in the country is only sufficient to treat 15 individuals with a two-week dose.<br /> <br /> These doses of Tecovirimat are being supplied under a Section 21 application to the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (Sahpra) and are not yet registered in South Africa. Additionally, a vaccine used in other countries to prevent mpox is also not registered in South Africa.<br /> <br /> Dr. Wamala stated that most mpox cases reported in Africa have been in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with 3,473 cases confirmed since the start of the year, resulting in 35 deaths. The DRC has the highest number of confirmed cases (65.3%) and deaths (25.6%) on the continent.<br /> <br /> Since May 8, South Africa has recorded 16 mpox cases, with three deaths. All cases were in men aged between 23 and 43 years old. Of the South African mpox patients, 44% received Tecovirimat treatment, and 15 of the 16 cases were classified as severe according to the WHO definition.<br /> <br /> Dr. Shanal Nair from the University of Pretoria noted that globally, mpox cases have been increasing in the Americas and Europe. Since the outbreak began in 2022, there have been more than 97,700 cases and 203 deaths worldwide, affecting at least 116 countries. The global trends indicate that more than 96% of cases are among men, with nearly 86% of cases with sexual data identifying as men who have sex with men. Sexual encounters are the most reported type of transmission.<br /> <br /> In South Africa, half of the positive cases were identified as men who have sex with men, according to Dr. Nair. Common symptoms of mpox include a rash lasting two to four weeks, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. The painful rash can appear as blisters or sores and affect the face, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and groin.

New Provincial Cabinets Appointed with Major Changes in Health MECs Across South Africa

Over the past few weeks, new provincial cabinets have been appointed by premiers across South Africa's nine provinces. This includes the announcement of new Members of the Executive Council (MECs) for health, with five new appointees and four reappointments.<br /> <br /> In the two most populous provinces, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal, ANC-appointed MECs have retained their health portfolios despite the party receiving less than 40% of the provincial vote. Mpumalanga and the North West have also retained their MECs, while the Eastern Cape, Free State, Limpopo, Northern Cape, and Western Cape have new health MECs.<br /> <br /> Six of the nine health MECs are women, though none of them are qualified health professionals. Below is a province-by-province breakdown of the health MECs, with more in-depth coverage of some of the new appointees to follow later.<br /> <br /> Eastern Cape<br /> <br /> Ntandokazi Capa has replaced Nomakhosazana Meth, who is now the Minister of Employment and Labour. Capa, the chairperson of the ANC Women's League in the province, previously served as speaker of the OR Tambo District Municipality and was the first female mayor of the Ingquza Hill Municipality. Her appointment has been welcomed by the Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa but raised concerns from the DA and EFF due to her lack of experience.<br /> <br /> Free State<br /> <br /> Monyatso Viceroy Mahlatsi has taken over from Nokwanje Selina "Mathabo" Leeto, who served as health MEC for just a year. Mahlatsi was previously Cosatu's provincial secretary since 2014. His first act as MEC was to conduct oversight visits to Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital and the National District Hospital.<br /> <br /> Gauteng<br /> <br /> Nomantu Nkomo-Ralehoko has retained her position as health MEC, which she has held since 2022. Her appointment was initially questioned due to her lack of experience in the health sector, having previously served as finance MEC and briefly as education MEC.<br /> <br /> KwaZulu-Natal<br /> <br /> Nomagugu Simelane remains the health MEC, a position she has held since 2019. Prior to this role, she served as the ANC spokesperson in the province and is a lawyer by profession.<br /> <br /> Limpopo<br /> <br /> Dieketseng Masesi Mashego has replaced Dr. Phophi Ramathuba, who is now the province's premier. Mashego, a member of the ANC Women's League, was previously the speaker of the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality. Her lack of health background has sparked concern from the DA.<br /> <br /> Mpumalanga<br /> <br /> Sasekani Manzini continues as health MEC, a position she has held since 2018. The DA has opposed her reappointment, citing the declining state of the province's health facilities.<br /> <br /> Northern Cape<br /> <br /> Maruping Lekwene retains his position as health MEC, which he has held since 2020. Before this, he served as the province's finance, economic development, and tourism MEC.<br /> <br /> North West<br /> <br /> Jonas Sello Lehari has replaced Madoda Sambatha as health MEC. Lehari previously served as the mayor of the Moretele Local Municipality and held various MEC positions in education, sports development, community safety, and transport management.<br /> <br /> Western Cape<br /> <br /> Mireille Wenger has taken over from Dr. Nomafrench Mbombo as health MEC. Wenger was previously the finance and economic opportunities MEC since 2022.

Netcare Group's Digital Transformation: Enhancing Patient Safety and Engagement

Dr. Richard Friedland, Chief Executive Officer of the Netcare Group, announced the launch of a transformative 10-year strategy aimed at revolutionizing healthcare. This strategy focuses on improving patient safety and engagement by integrating digital innovations that empower patients to actively participate in their health and well-being.<br /> <br /> In our healthcare ecosystem, digital technology and the rich, personalized data it provides are essential to continually enhancing crucial outcomes for patients. This commitment to better outcomes and improved longevity defines Netcare's journey.<br /> <br /> With data-driven, digitally enabled healthcare, clinical decision-making will be optimized and accelerated, significantly benefiting patient treatment. Up to 60% of hospital prescribing errors result from misinterpreted doctors' written scripts. Electronic scripting eliminates these errors by ensuring legibility and accuracy.<br /> <br /> The introduction of IBM Watson Health Micromedex at Netcare checks all drug dosages, interactions, duplications, and allergies electronically, helping to eliminate up to 60% of potential medication errors across more than 1.8 million in-hospital prescriptions annually. Early indications suggest that the internal rate of return on the digitization project will exceed 21% annually.<br /> <br /> Netcare's development of the CareOn system has rapidly advanced the digital skills of nurses and doctors, making the company the largest customer for Apple iPads in Southern Africa. With over 13,000 iPads in use across 45 Netcare hospitals, the most significant challenge was technology adoption by healthcare workers. Anticipating difficulties, especially for nurses unfamiliar with computers, Netcare introduced basic training using games like Candy Crush to ease the transition.<br /> <br /> Importantly, CareOn is fully mobile, making Netcare one of the few providers offering clinicians live access to patient records away from the bedside and outside the hospital. Developed over seven years, CareOn currently has over 34,000 users across seven provinces in South Africa. The system was tailored to meet the precise needs of Netcare's end users by 40 dedicated workstreams in South Africa, Germany, and India.<br /> <br /> Gerhard Weiss, Director of Strategic Projects and Systems Integration at Netcare, emphasized the project's positive impact on patients' lives in Netcare hospitals. He acknowledged the national effort put into developing the electronic medical records system and the necessary infrastructure and training for its large-scale implementation in South Africa.<br /> <br /> The innovative digital system allows specialists and healthcare teams to view patients' clinical information, test results, and vital observations remotely and in real time through the digital integration of medical equipment and devices in ICUs and operating theatres. This technology frees up nurses' time for patient care and minimizes potential human errors with a range of automatic safety checks. Integrated data from medical equipment seamlessly feeds into the electronic medical record, enhancing overall efficiency and safety.

Addressing the Research Gap in Older Women's Health: Priorities for the White House Initiative

For decades, medical research has neglected the unique health needs of women, especially older women, leaving physicians without essential knowledge to effectively manage their health.<br /> Late last year, the Biden administration launched the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research, promising to tackle this long-standing issue. This initiative raises a critical question: What priorities should guide efforts to improve health outcomes for older women? <br /> Stephanie Faubion, director of the Mayo Clinic's Center for Women's Health, sharply criticized the current state of research on older women's health, describing it as woefully inadequate. <br /> One glaring example is the study of drugs like statins, widely prescribed to older adults but predominantly tested on men, with findings extrapolated to women. Faubion emphasized the urgent need for the FDA to mandate reporting clinical trial data by sex and age, highlighting disparities in drug effectiveness between men and women. <br /> Take, for instance, the Alzheimer's drug Leqembi, approved based on a study that showed a 27% slower cognitive decline. However, deeper analysis revealed significant sex differences, with women experiencing a 12% slowdown compared to 43% in men, raising concerns about the drug's efficacy for women. <br /> This issue is particularly pressing as nearly two-thirds of older adults with Alzheimer's are women. Older women also face higher risks of multiple medical conditions such as heart disease, autoimmune illnesses, and osteoarthritis. <br /> Despite these challenges, women generally outlive men by over five years in the U.S., highlighting the necessity of prioritizing older women's health. <br /> Several key research priorities have been proposed:<br /> Heart Disease: Addressing disparities in heart disease care between men and women, particularly concerning treatment aggressiveness and procedural biases. <br /> Brain Health: Developing strategies to reduce cognitive decline and dementia risk in women, considering factors like hormonal changes and stress. <br /> Mental Health: Investigating factors contributing to older women's vulnerability to anxiety and depression, including hormonal shifts and societal biases. <br /> Cancer: Improving screening and treatment guidelines for older women, tailored to individual health statuses. <br /> Bone Health and Frailty: Studying osteoporosis prevention and treatments among older women, and strategies to maintain mobility and independence.<br />

South Africa Receives First Batch of Mpox Antiviral Drugs Amid Rising Infections

South Africa has received its first batch of Tecovirimat (Tpoxx or ST-246), an antiviral drug for treating mpox, as the national Health Department reported an increase in infections. This treatment is specifically for patients with severe health complications due to mpox.<br /> On Thursday, the Health Department announced that the country had confirmed 13 cases of mpox, with two fatalities. In Gauteng alone, health officials are investigating 30 cases. <br /> According to the World Health Organization, the global mpox outbreak from January 1, 2022, to April 30, 2024, resulted in 97,208 laboratory-confirmed cases and 186 deaths across 117 countries in all six WHO regions. <br /> Health Department spokesperson Foster Mohale stated that efforts to secure more treatments, including vaccines, are ongoing. However, mild cases will continue to be managed with supportive treatments for complications such as fever, pneumonia, and skin infections. <br /> "The department urges everyone, regardless of gender, age, or sexual orientation, with suspected mpox symptoms or who had physical contact with known cases to seek clinical evaluation at a health-care facility. Anyone can contract this preventable and treatable disease," Mohale said.<br /> The recent detection of six more laboratory-confirmed mpox cases brings the total number to 13, with seven in KwaZulu-Natal, five in Gauteng, and one in the Western Cape. <br /> In an interview with "Newzroom Afrika," UKZN infectious disease specialist Dr. Richard Lessells explained that people with healthier immune systems typically experience mild symptoms, while those with weaker immune systems may suffer more severe symptoms.<br />

New Study Unveils Mechanism Behind Keto Diet's Brain Benefits in Aging Male Mice

Recent research has revealed a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive improvements observed in older male mice on c diets, raising intriguing questions about the role of diet in aging and brain health. The study, published in *Cell Reports Medicine*, indicates that cycling male mice between a control diet and a ketogenic diet enhances synaptic signaling in the brain. <br /> <br /> Background and Previous Findings<br /> Dr. John Newman, one of the study's authors, previously demonstrated that a cyclic ketogenic diet reduced midlife mortality and prevented age-related memory decline in male mice. Building on these findings, Christian Gonz�lez-Billault, a professor at Universidad de Chile and director of the Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), collaborated with Newman to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving these benefits. <br /> Study Design and Results<br /> The researchers examined 19 male mice aged 20-23 months, either maintained on a control diet or cycled with a ketogenic diet every other week. Over 12 weeks, the mice's metabolic parameters were measured, followed by 5 weeks of behavioral testing. The results showed that the ketogenic diet was linked to lower blood sugar levels, improved memory, and enhanced motor ability in the older mice. Notably, there was increased plasticity in the hippocampus, attributed to a molecule called a ketone body, which activates a signaling pathway between synapses. <br /> <br /> Implications and Future Research<br /> The findings suggest that ketogenic diets may help maintain resilience in aging mice by improving physiological functions. This concept is critical in aging research, differentiating between lifespan and healthspan � the latter being the period free from chronic diseases. Gonz�lez-Billault emphasized that while the benefits were significant in older mice, similar effects were not observed in younger mice, possibly due to their existing resilience mechanisms. <br /> <br /> Keto Diet in Human Studie<br /> Small human studies suggest potential cognitive benefits of the keto diet, particularly for older adults with dementia, potentially mirroring mechanisms seen in mice. However, adherence to the ketogenic diet can be challenging, and it may reduce the intake of essential nutrients. Thus, experts often recommend the Mediterranean or DASH diets for healthy aging due to their extensive human research support.<br /> <br /> Gender and Further Research<br /> The study's findings are currently limited to male mice. Gonz�lez-Billault acknowledged this limitation and highlighted the need to investigate the diet's effects on female mice, considering gender-specific metabolic differences. Future research will explore whether the observed brain benefits are solely brain-dependent or involve systemic effects and other organs' functions.<br /> <br /> <br />

A Simple and Effective Solution for Recurring Back

Researchers have found that regular walking significantly reduces the frequency and severity of activity-limiting back pain. According to a study published in The Lancet, participants who combined walking with counseling halved their need for healthcare support and reduced their work absences due to pain.<br /> <br /> Mark Hancock, PhD, a senior author of the study and a professor of physiotherapy at Macquarie University in Australia, highlighted the numerous benefits of walking. He noted that walking is accessible, low-cost, and suitable for nearly everyone. While the precise mechanisms are unclear, the gentle oscillatory movements, spinal loading and strengthening, relaxation, stress relief, and endorphin release likely contribute to its effectiveness.<br /> <br /> Thomas Pontinen, founder of MAPS Centers For Pain Control, emphasized that walking activates core muscles and distributes pressure evenly, which can help relax overly tight muscles and activate underused ones. Walking also develops muscles supporting the spine, promoting overall spinal health.<br /> <br /> The study involved 701 adults recently recovered from lower-back pain. Participants in the intervention group engaged in a walking program and physiotherapist-guided education sessions over six months. They experienced fewer episodes of activity-limiting pain and had a longer period before recurrences compared to the control group, with a median recurrence time of 208 days versus 112 days.<br /> <br /> Lead author Natasha Pocovi, PhD, noted that the intervention was also cost-effective, reducing healthcare support needs and work absences by approximately half. <br /> <br /> Lower back pain has many causes, including disc degeneration, joint issues, spinal instability, deformity, nerve compression, and muscular strain. Non-surgical treatments, such as exercise, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight, have been shown to reduce future recurrences of back pain.<br /> <br /> The researchers plan to integrate this preventive intervention into regular patient care, as exercise and education are already best practices for back pain management. Pocovi highlighted that the study's exercise-based intervention is more accessible than group-based programs requiring clinical supervision and expensive equipment.<br /> <br /> Dr. Sean Barber, a neurosurgeon with Houston Methodist healthcare system, stressed the importance of starting exercise with guidance, especially for those new to regular exercise. However, even without professional help, beginning a walking routine can be beneficial. Prior studies have shown that low-intensity, short-duration exercise can significantly improve lower back pain. <br /> Dr. Farhan Malik, an Atlanta-based family medicine and sports medicine physician, recommended starting with 10 to 15-minute walks and gradually increasing duration. Proper walking posture�standing tall with a neutral pelvis, relaxed shoulders, and eyes looking ahead�is crucial. A regular walking routine of 30 to 60 minutes most days can enhance endurance, improve mood, and provide lasting back pain relief.<br />

Establishing a Consensus on Long COVID: Definitions and Challenges

A new consensus definition of long COVID has been established by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), as requested by the U.S. government. The definition describes long COVID as an "infection-associated chronic condition (IACC) that occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least 3 months as a continuous, relapsing and remitting, or progressive disease state that affects one or more organ systems." Despite this effort, some medical professionals predict ongoing disputes about the disease due to its varied symptoms.<br /> <br /> <br /> The CDC reports that the most common symptoms of long COVID include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain, brain fog, depression, muscle pain, headache, fever, and heart palpitations. According to a U.S. Census Bureau and National Center for Health Statistics Household Pulse Survey, nearly 18% of U.S. adults have experienced long COVID, with almost 7% currently affected.<br /> <br /> <br /> Although the CDC has accepted the NASEM definition, confusion about testing, diagnosis, and treatment is likely to persist. Dr. David Cutler, a board-certified family medicine physician, notes that while the new definition clarifies some aspects, the lack of a simple diagnostic test means controversies will continue. Dr. Steve Allder, a consultant neurologist, expressed concern that the umbrella definition may lead to frustration due to the complex and multi-system nature of long COVID.<br /> <br /> <br /> Long COVID patients often face skepticism from doctors, and the most important treatment remains reassurance. Patients need thorough evaluations to exclude other conditions, an endorsement of the long COVID diagnosis, information on the generally favorable prognosis, and adequate follow-up.<br /> <br /> <br /> The new definition may not simplify care due to the disease's complexity and the varied symptoms reported by patients. Disagreements about diagnosis, management, and when the condition is resolved are expected to continue. Additionally, debates over the impact of vaccines and treatments like Paxlovid and metformin on long COVID incidence persist, highlighting the challenges in providing personalized care amidst conflicting information.

Loss of Smell May Indicate Increased Risk of Heart Failure, Study Suggests

About 64 million people globally suffer from heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood throughout the body. This can result from diseases that weaken the heart muscle, such as coronary heart disease, or from unhealthy lifestyle choices like smoking and heavy alcohol consumption.<br /> <br /> Recent research from Michigan State University indicates that a loss of the sense of smell might predict a person's risk of developing heart failure. This study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, highlights the potential of olfactory dysfunction as an early indicator of this condition.<br /> <br /> <br /> Smell Loss and Its Relation to Health<br /> The sense of smell often diminishes with age, with olfactory dysfunction becoming more common after age 60. Dr. Honglei Chen, a professor at Michigan State University and lead author of the study, notes that about a quarter of older adults experience smell impairment, though public awareness remains low, with only about 30% recognizing their condition.<br /> <br /> Previous research has established a link between smell loss and conditions like dementia and Parkinson's disease. Emerging data, including findings from this study, suggest that olfactory dysfunction may also correlate with a higher risk of death, pneumonia, functional decline, and frailty among older adults.<br /> <br /> <br /> Keran Chamberlin, a doctoral researcher at Michigan State University and the study's first author, adds that smell loss may affect cardiovascular health. Preliminary data indicate that subclinical cardiovascular changes might influence the sense of smell in older adults. Additionally, smell loss could negatively impact nutritional intake, mood, and daily activities, which in turn could compromise cardiovascular health over time, potentially contributing to heart failure.<br /> <br /> <br /> Study Findings<br /> The study analyzed data from approximately 2,500 individuals aged 70-79, who were part of the National Institute on Aging's Health ABC Study. These participants were followed for up to 12 years, starting from when their sense of smell was tested.<br /> <br /> Researchers discovered that participants with olfactory loss had about a 30% increased risk of developing congestive heart failure compared to those without smell impairment. However, no link was found between smell loss and heart disease or stroke.<br /> <br /> Dr. Chen expressed some surprise that the association was specific to heart failure and not to other cardiovascular conditions like coronary heart disease or stroke. He suggests that heart failure, being a more complex and advanced syndrome, might involve factors beyond atherosclerosis that smell loss could indicate.<br /> <br /> <br /> Need for Further Research<br /> Dr. Chen emphasizes that these findings are preliminary, and more research is needed to confirm the role of smell function as a marker for heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Future studies should investigate this relationship in more diverse populations and explore the underlying mechanisms.<br /> <br /> Dr. Cheng-Han Chen, a cardiologist not involved in the research, finds the results surprising. He notes that the sense of smell is not typically associated with heart function and suggests that the observed link might be due to concurrent aging processes. He calls for larger, longitudinal studies to validate this relationship and to identify potential underlying mechanisms.<br /> <br /> Identifying factors that predict heart failure can enhance screening, intervention, and prevention strategies, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.

Addressing the Gap in Women's Health Research, Especially for Older Women

<br /> For decades, medical research has significantly overlooked women, particularly older women, leaving physicians without crucial information to best manage their health.<br /> <br /> Late last year, the Biden administration announced a new effort to tackle this issue: the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research. This raises a vital question: What should be the initiative's priorities regarding older women's health?<br /> <br /> Stephanie Faubion, director of the Mayo Clinic's Center for Women's Health, criticized the current state of research on older women's health as "completely inadequate." For instance, many drugs commonly prescribed to older adults, such as statins for high cholesterol, have been primarily studied in men, with the results being generalized to women.<br /> <br /> Faubion highlighted the flawed assumption that premenopausal and postmenopausal women respond similarly, emphasizing that this needs to change. She called for the FDA to mandate that clinical trial data be reported by sex and age to determine if drugs work differently for women.<br /> <br /> One notable example is the Alzheimer's drug Leqembi, approved by the FDA last year. While the manufacturer reported a 27% slower rate of cognitive decline in users, a supplementary appendix to a Leqembi study published in the New England Journal of Medicine revealed significant sex differences. The drug showed a 12% slowdown in cognitive decline for women compared to a 43% slowdown for men, raising concerns about its effectiveness for women. This is particularly significant as nearly two-thirds of older adults with Alzheimer's disease are women.<br /> <br /> Moreover, older women are more likely than older men to suffer from multiple medical conditions, disabilities, difficulties with daily activities, autoimmune diseases, depression and anxiety, uncontrolled high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis, according to numerous studies.<br /> <br /> Despite these challenges, women are resilient and outlive men by more than five years in the U.S. As people age into their 70s and 80s, women significantly outnumber men. Therefore, focusing on the health of older women is essential for improving the overall health of the older population.<br /> <br />

New Blood Test Could Predict Parkinson's Disease 7 Years Before Symptoms

Researchers from University College London and University Medical Center Goettingen have developed a promising new blood test that could detect Parkinson's disease up to seven years before the onset of symptoms. This innovative test was created using artificial intelligence (AI) and has shown significant potential in early diagnosis.<br /> <br /> The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, involved analyzing blood samples from 72 participants with Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder (iRBD). This disorder causes individuals to act out their dreams without awareness and is known to precede synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, in about 75% to 80% of cases.<br /> <br /> Using a machine-learning tool, researchers identified eight blood-based biomarkers altered in people with Parkinson's. The AI program correctly identified 79% of individuals with iRBD as having a profile consistent with Parkinson's disease. Notably, the research team accurately predicted that 16 individuals would develop Parkinson's, doing so seven years before symptoms appeared.<br /> <br /> Dr. Daniel Truong, neurologist and medical director at the Truong Neuroscience Institute, emphasized the transformative potential of this biomarker test for early detection. He noted that while the promise is substantial, careful validation and ethical considerations are essential for successful integration into clinical practice. Early diagnosis could lead to more effective interventions, significantly improving the lives of those at risk for or living with Parkinson's disease.<br /> <br /> Dr. Michael Bartl, co-first author of the study, highlighted that identifying these eight proteins in the blood could allow for earlier drug therapies, potentially slowing disease progression or even preventing it. The markers are directly linked to processes such as inflammation and protein degradation, offering possible targets for new treatments.<br /> <br /> David Dexter, research director at Parkinson's UK, acknowledged this research as a major step toward a diagnostic test for Parkinson's. He expressed hope that with further work, the test could distinguish between Parkinson's and similar diseases, such as multiple system atrophy or dementia with Lewy bodies.<br /> <br /> Currently, Parkinson's disease is diagnosed through clinical evaluations, medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and supportive tests like DaTscan, which measures dopamine transporters in the brain. Research is ongoing to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis, with promising methods including ?-synuclein seed amplification assays and mass spectrometry-based proteomic phenotyping.<br /> <br /> In summary, this new blood test, if validated and integrated into clinical practice, could revolutionize the early detection and treatment of Parkinson's disease, offering new hope for millions of individuals worldwide.

Understanding How Alzheimer's Disease Impacts Health and the Potential of Lifestyle Interventions

Alzheimer's disease is a condition that leads to significant brain changes, affecting over six million people in the United States alone. Individuals with Alzheimer's often experience a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory, which can manifest as memory loss, personality changes, and impaired judgment. As the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is a critical focus area for research.<br /> <br /> Shannel Kassis Elhelou, Psy.D., a geropsychology and neuropsychology fellow at Pacific Neuroscience Institute's Brain Wellness and Lifestyle Programs in Santa Monica, CA, emphasized the profound impact of Alzheimer's on quality of life and daily functioning:<br /> <br /> "Alzheimer's disease significantly impacts quality of life and function through progressive declines in memory, cognitive functioning (attention, processing speed, problem-solving, word finding), tasks of daily living (managing finances, driving, medication management, household duties), as well as changes in mood (increased irritability, anxiety, depression, or apathy)," Elhelou told Medical News Today.<br /> <br /> Elhelou added that Alzheimer's also affects physical health over time, reducing mobility and increasing the risk of falls, which can lead to social isolation and substantial caregiver burden, further diminishing the quality of life for both individuals and their caregivers.<br /> <br /> While there are medications available to help manage Alzheimer's disease, experts are increasingly interested in how lifestyle interventions might also benefit those affected. A recent study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of non-medication interventions for individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.<br /> <br /> Exploring Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Alzheimer's<br /> In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, researchers investigated whether a combination of lifestyle interventions could benefit people with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The study included 51 participants with an average age of 73.5 years, excluding those with moderate or severe dementia or those unable to participate in regular exercise.<br /> <br /> Participants were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard care and an intervention group receiving standard care plus four key lifestyle interventions:<br /> <br /> A whole-foods, minimally processed plant-based diet with specific supplements and low levels of harmful fats and refined carbohydrates.<br /> Moderate exercise for at least thirty minutes daily and mild strength training three times a week.<br /> Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises.<br /> Regular participation in support groups three times a week.<br /> The intervention period lasted 20 weeks, with researchers providing support for diet, exercise, stress management, and access to support groups. The success of these interventions was assessed using several tools, including the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale and the Clinical Dementia Rating.<br /> <br /> Findings and Implications<br /> The control group showed declines in all cognitive and functional assessments, while the intervention group showed improvement in three out of four assessments and less progression in the fourth. Additionally, the intervention group exhibited improvements in microbiome configuration and relevant biomarkers compared to the control group.<br /> <br /> Dean Ornish, founder and president of the nonprofit Preventive Medicine Research Institute and clinical professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, highlighted the significance of the findings:<br /> <br /> "Our research is unique as it's the first randomized controlled clinical trial demonstrating that an intensive lifestyle intervention, without drugs, significantly improved cognition and function in many patients with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease after 20 weeks," Ornish told Medical News Today.<br /> <br /> Ornish noted a significant correlation between the degree of lifestyle changes and the improvements in cognition and function, suggesting that more substantial lifestyle changes led to greater benefits.<br /> <br /> While not all participants in the intervention group experienced improvements, 71% either improved or remained unchanged in the CGIC test, whereas none in the control group improved, with 68% worsening.<br /> <br /> Study Limitations and Future Directions<br /> Despite promising results, the study has several limitations, including a small sample size and lack of generalizability. The study excluded individuals without a caregiver to assist with adherence and did not include brain structure measurements. The intervention period was relatively short at 20 weeks, and future research could benefit from longer intervention and follow-up periods, as well as a more diverse participant group.<br /> <br /> The complexity of the interventions also makes it unclear which specific components were most beneficial. Additionally, reliance on participant self-reporting introduces potential inaccuracies.<br /> <br /> Researchers acknowledge the need for cautious interpretation of the degree of lifestyle change required to stop or improve cognitive decline, as the combined data from both groups meant the trial was no longer randomized for this analysis.<br /> <br /> Hope for the Future<br /> The study's findings offer hope for those affected by Alzheimer's disease and suggest the potential for more extensive research on lifestyle interventions. Shannel Kassis Elhelou expressed optimism about the implications:<br /> <br /> "I hope to see more providers discussing this information with their patients, and I am enthusiastic about future research in this area. These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Ongoing research can further support their ability to influence healthcare guidelines by promoting lifestyle modifications as a crucial strategy for slowing the progression of MCI and early-stage Alzheimer's disease," Elhelou said.<br /> <br /> Future studies will be vital in confirming these findings and establishing lifestyle interventions as a standard approach to managing and potentially preventing Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's disease is a condition that leads to significant brain changes, affecting over six million people in the United States alone. Individuals with Alzheimer's often experience a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory, which can manifest as memory loss, personality changes, and impaired judgment. As the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is a critical focus area for research.<br /> <br /> Shannel Kassis Elhelou, Psy.D., a geropsychology and neuropsychology fellow at Pacific Neuroscience Institute's Brain Wellness and Lifestyle Programs in Santa Monica, CA, emphasized the profound impact of Alzheimer's on quality of life and daily functioning:<br /> <br /> "Alzheimer's disease significantly impacts quality of life and function through progressive declines in memory, cognitive functioning (attention, processing speed, problem-solving, word finding), tasks of daily living (managing finances, driving, medication management, household duties), as well as changes in mood (increased irritability, anxiety, depression, or apathy)," Elhelou told Medical News Today.<br /> <br /> Elhelou added that Alzheimer's also affects physical health over time, reducing mobility and increasing the risk of falls, which can lead to social isolation and substantial caregiver burden, further diminishing the quality of life for both individuals and their caregivers.<br /> <br /> While there are medications available to help manage Alzheimer's disease, experts are increasingly interested in how lifestyle interventions might also benefit those affected. A recent study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of non-medication interventions for individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.<br /> <br /> Exploring Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Alzheimer's<br /> In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, researchers investigated whether a combination of lifestyle interventions could benefit people with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The study included 51 participants with an average age of 73.5 years, excluding those with moderate or severe dementia or those unable to participate in regular exercise.<br /> <br /> Participants were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard care and an intervention group receiving standard care plus four key lifestyle interventions:<br /> <br /> A whole-foods, minimally processed plant-based diet with specific supplements and low levels of harmful fats and refined carbohydrates.<br /> Moderate exercise for at least thirty minutes daily and mild strength training three times a week.<br /> Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises.<br /> Regular participation in support groups three times a week.<br /> The intervention period lasted 20 weeks, with researchers providing support for diet, exercise, stress management, and access to support groups. The success of these interventions was assessed using several tools, including the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale and the Clinical Dementia Rating.<br /> <br /> Findings and Implications<br /> The control group showed declines in all cognitive and functional assessments, while the intervention group showed improvement in three out of four assessments and less progression in the fourth. Additionally, the intervention group exhibited improvements in microbiome configuration and relevant biomarkers compared to the control group.<br /> <br /> Dean Ornish, founder and president of the nonprofit Preventive Medicine Research Institute and clinical professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, highlighted the significance of the findings:<br /> <br /> "Our research is unique as it's the first randomized controlled clinical trial demonstrating that an intensive lifestyle intervention, without drugs, significantly improved cognition and function in many patients with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease after 20 weeks," Ornish told Medical News Today.<br /> <br /> Ornish noted a significant correlation between the degree of lifestyle changes and the improvements in cognition and function, suggesting that more substantial lifestyle changes led to greater benefits.<br /> <br /> While not all participants in the intervention group experienced improvements, 71% either improved or remained unchanged in the CGIC test, whereas none in the control group improved, with 68% worsening.<br /> <br /> Study Limitations and Future Directions<br /> Despite promising results, the study has several limitations, including a small sample size and lack of generalizability. The study excluded individuals without a caregiver to assist with adherence and did not include brain structure measurements. The intervention period was relatively short at 20 weeks, and future research could benefit from longer intervention and follow-up periods, as well as a more diverse participant group.<br /> <br /> The complexity of the interventions also makes it unclear which specific components were most beneficial. Additionally, reliance on participant self-reporting introduces potential inaccuracies.<br /> <br /> Researchers acknowledge the need for cautious interpretation of the degree of lifestyle change required to stop or improve cognitive decline, as the combined data from both groups meant the trial was no longer randomized for this analysis.<br /> <br /> Hope for the Future<br /> The study's findings offer hope for those affected by Alzheimer's disease and suggest the potential for more extensive research on lifestyle interventions. Shannel Kassis Elhelou expressed optimism about the implications:<br /> <br /> "I hope to see more providers discussing this information with their patients, and I am enthusiastic about future research in this area. These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Ongoing research can further support their ability to influence healthcare guidelines by promoting lifestyle modifications as a crucial strategy for slowing the progression of MCI and early-stage Alzheimer's disease," Elhelou said.<br /> <br /> Future studies will be vital in confirming these findings and establishing lifestyle interventions as a standard approach to managing and potentially preventing Alzheimer's disease.

Unveiling Garlic's Potential: Meta-Analysis Explores its Impact on Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Exploring the Health Benefits of Garlic: A Meta-Analysis Examines its Effects on Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels<br /> <br /> A recent review and meta-analysis delved into the potential health impacts of garlic consumption, particularly its effects on cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels. The study, conducted by researchers in China and published in the journal Nutrients, aimed to investigate whether garlic could offer therapeutic benefits for individuals with lipid and glucose metabolism disorders.<br /> <br /> Given the increasing prevalence of conditions like coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes, along with the associated treatment costs, researchers are keen on finding cost-effective preventive and treatment measures. This prompted the investigation into the effects of garlic on blood glucose and lipid metabolism through a meta-analysis of previous studies.<br /> <br /> The meta-analysis, which included data from 29 trials involving a total of 1,567 participants, focused on various metabolic markers such as cholesterol, blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and triglycerides.<br /> <br /> Garlic, known for its compound allicin with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, has shown promise in previous studies for lowering cholesterol levels. The analysis of 22 studies revealed that garlic supplementation was associated with significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), often referred to as "bad cholesterol." Moreover, garlic intake was linked to increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), known as "good cholesterol."<br /> <br /> Given the importance of controlling blood glucose and lipid levels in conditions like type 2 diabetes, the findings of this meta-analysis suggest that garlic could potentially play a role in managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.<br /> <br /> However, despite these promising results, the study authors emphasize the need for further research to better understand the active compounds in garlic responsible for its beneficial effects. While garlic is regarded as a nutritious addition to the diet, the current study's limitations, including small sample sizes and varied study durations, suggest that dietary recommendations are unlikely to change based solely on these findings. Nonetheless, garlic remains a healthy choice for individuals looking to enhance their overall health and well-being.

Nightmares and Hallucinations as Early Indicators of Autoimmune Diseases like Lupus

<br /> Researchers from the University of Cambridge and King's College London have uncovered that an increase in nightmares and hallucinations, sometimes called �daymares,' may signal the early stages of autoimmune diseases such as lupus. This new study, published in eClinicalMedicine, involved surveys and interviews with hundreds of patients and clinicians, revealing that these symptoms often precede disease flare-ups. Recognizing these early warning signs could improve patient care by enabling timely intervention and preventing severe flare-ups.<br /> <br /> ### Study Overview and Key Findings<br /> <br /> The research team surveyed 676 individuals with lupus and 400 clinicians who care for people with this condition. Additionally, they conducted in-depth interviews with 69 individuals living with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including lupus, and 50 clinicians. Lupus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs, including the brain.<br /> <br /> One of the most common symptoms reported was disrupted sleep, particularly vivid and distressing nightmares. Three out of five individuals experienced this symptom, with a third noting it appeared more than a year before the onset of lupus. Just under one in four people reported hallucinations, but 85% of them experienced these symptoms around the onset of the disease or later. The interviews revealed that three in five lupus patients and one in three individuals with other rheumatology-related conditions experienced increasingly disrupted dream sleep just before their hallucinations began.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lead author Dr. Melanie Sloan from the University of Cambridge emphasized the importance of these findings. She explained that neuropsychiatric symptoms like nightmares could serve as an early warning system for impending autoimmune disease flare-ups. Sloan highlighted that these symptoms are not typically included in diagnostic criteria or considered by many doctors, yet they are common among patients with lupus and other systemic rheumatic diseases.<br /> <br /> The study also found that referring to hallucinations as "daymares" helped patients understand and discuss their experiences more comfortably. This term was less stigmatizing and frightening, making patients more willing to share their symptoms with clinicians. The researchers stressed the need for better communication between patients and doctors to recognize and act upon these early warning signs.<br /> <br /> Dr. Guy Leschziner, a neurologist and study author, noted that the exact mechanisms by which lupus flare-ups might precipitate nightmares are currently unknown. However, he speculated that inflammation or infection anywhere in the body can cause nightmares, similar to "fever dreams." This might be due to the effects of inflammation mediators, such as cytokines, on the brain, resulting in less stable REM sleep. Another possibility is direct inflammation of the brain disrupting sleep and dreaming circuits.<br /> <br /> James Giordano, a professor of neurology and biochemistry at Georgetown University Medical Center, praised the study for examining the link between psychiatric symptoms and lupus. He noted that identifying these symptoms early could aid in the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly the neuropsychiatric variant (NPSLE).<br /> <br /> Giordano cautioned that not all psychiatric symptoms should be considered indicative of NPSLE, especially in individuals with a history of psychiatric issues. However, for those with other rheumatological signs, these symptoms could be valuable in diagnosing and predicting disease flare-ups. He emphasized the need for greater medical and societal understanding to help patients confidently report these symptoms, recognizing them as part of their disease.<br /> <br /> <br /> Dr. Sloan added that similar symptoms could also indicate other autoimmune conditions. Although the study focused on lupus, interviews with individuals suffering from other autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome, vasculitis, and systemic sclerosis, revealed similar neuropsychiatric symptoms during flare-ups. This under-researched area requires more attention to improve patient outcomes and reduce the stigma associated with reporting psychiatric symptoms.<br /> <br /> In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of recognizing neuropsychiatric symptoms as early indicators of autoimmune diseases like lupus. Improved awareness and communication between patients and clinicians can lead to earlier detection and treatment, potentially preventing severe disease flare-ups and improving patient care.

New AI Tool Revolutionizes Brain Tumor Classification with 95% Accuracy

Researchers in Australia and the United States have developed a new artificial intelligence tool that significantly speeds up and improves the accuracy of brain tumor classification.<br /> <br /> The traditional method for identifying different types of brain tumors, known as DNA methylation-based profiling, is accurate but can take several weeks to deliver results and is not widely available in many hospitals globally.<br /> <br /> To overcome these limitations, a research team from the Australian National University, in collaboration with the U.S. National Cancer Institute, has devised a way to predict DNA methylation, which regulates gene activity.<br /> <br /> Their approach classifies brain tumors into 10 major categories using a deep learning model, a type of artificial intelligence inspired by the human brain's data processing capabilities.<br /> <br /> The U.S.-Australian system, called DEPLOY, utilizes histopathology images-microscopic pictures of a patient's tissue. Researchers view DEPLOY as a complement to initial diagnoses made by pathologists or physicians.<br /> <br /> Danh-Tai Hoang, a research fellow at the Australian National University, told VOA that AI will enhance existing diagnostic methods, which are often slow. "The technique is very time consuming," Hoang said. "It often takes around two to three weeks to obtain a result from the test, whereas patients with high-grade brain tumors often require immediate treatment because time is crucial for brain tumors, so they need to get treatment as soon as possible.

New AAP Guidelines Allow HIV-Positive Mothers to Breastfeed

People with HIV can now breastfeed their babies if they are taking medications that effectively suppress the virus, according to a new policy by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This marks a significant change from the guidelines that had been in place since the HIV epidemic began in the 1980s.<br /> <br /> The updated AAP report acknowledges that antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of HIV transmission via breast milk to less than 1%. Dr. Lisa Abuogi, a pediatric HIV expert at the University of Colorado and lead author of the report, emphasized the importance of shared decision-making due to the effectiveness of these medications and the substantial benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby.<br /> <br /> While these medications significantly reduce the risk, they do not completely eliminate it. Therefore, avoiding breastfeeding remains the only sure way to prevent HIV transmission through breast milk. Additionally, it is crucial for parents to exclusively breastfeed for the first six months, as alternating between breast milk and formula can increase the risk of HIV infection by disrupting the infant's gut.<br /> <br /> Approximately 5,000 people with HIV give birth annually in the U.S., with nearly all on medication to suppress the virus. However, if these medications are not consistently taken, viral levels can rise. Before the availability of these drugs, about 30% of mother-to-child HIV transmissions occurred during breastfeeding, resulting in roughly 2,000 infant infections each year in the early 1990s. Today, this number has decreased to fewer than 30 annually.<br /> <br /> The AAP's policy change follows updates from the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which also recently reversed their longstanding recommendations against breastfeeding for people with HIV. The new guidance advocates for counseling individuals with consistent viral suppression on their breastfeeding options and advises healthcare providers not to alert child protective services if a parent with HIV chooses to breastfeed.<br /> <br /> Dr. Lynn Yee, a Northwestern University professor who contributed to the NIH guidance, highlighted the importance of listening to and supporting patients without judgment. Research shows that breastfeeding offers ideal nutrition for babies and protection against various illnesses and conditions. It also reduces mothers' risks of developing certain cancers, diabetes, and high blood pressure.<br /> <br /> Since 2010, the World Health Organization has recommended that women with HIV in developing countries breastfeed their infants if they have access to antiretroviral therapy. This recommendation balances the risk of HIV transmission against the dangers of malnutrition and infection in regions where safe alternatives to breast milk are unavailable.<br /> <br /> In developed countries, where safe water, formula, and donor milk are readily available, experts had traditionally advised against breastfeeding. This stance frustrated many people with HIV, who were denied the option to nurse their children.<br /> <br /> Ci Ci Covin, a 36-year-old from Philadelphia diagnosed with HIV at 20, was not allowed to breastfeed her first child, leading to postpartum depression. However, with her second child, she successfully breastfed for seven months with the support of her healthcare team and adherence to her medication regimen.<br /> <br /> Abuogi noted that the AAP report provides essential guidance for pediatricians, nurses, and lactation specialists. Some healthcare providers were already supporting HIV-positive parents in breastfeeding despite previous recommendations, and the new guidelines aim to broaden this support.<br /> <br /> "This shift is driven not only by healthcare providers but also by the patients themselves," Abuogi said.

Halle Berry addresses the stigma surrounding menopause

Oscar-winning actress Halle Berry teamed up with a group of US senators on Thursday to introduce new legislation aimed at allocating tens of millions of dollars toward menopause research and education. <br /> "The stigma surrounding menopause must be eradicated. It's crucial that we openly discuss this natural phase of life," stated the Hollywood icon, renowned for her acclaimed performance in the 2001 romantic drama "Monster's Ball," for which she won the Best Actress Oscar. <br /> The proposed legislation, known as the Advancing Menopause Care and Mid-Life Women's Health Act, is bipartisan and seeks to allocate $275 million (approximately R5.1 billion) toward research, awareness-raising efforts, and training for healthcare professionals to address the hormonal transitions experienced by women, particularly during middle age. <br /> "Menopause should not be taboo. It's a natural process and should not be a source of shame," emphasized Patty Murray, a Democratic senator from Washington state, during a press conference held outside the US Capitol. <br /> Murray and her colleagues stressed the importance of garnering as much bipartisan support as possible before advancing the bill to President Joe Biden's desk, though the exact legislative path remains unclear. <br /> Berry, the first woman of color and still the sole Black woman to win the Best Actress Oscar, has been outspoken about her own journey through menopause and emphasized the need to destigmatize the issue. <br /> The acclaimed actress, known for her roles in the "X-Men" series, the 2002 James Bond film "Die Another Day," and the controversial "Catwoman" (2004), shared that her doctor hesitated to use the term "menopause" in her presence. <br /> "After realizing he was avoiding the term, I took matters into my own hands. I decided to do what no man could: I spoke up. I said, 'I'm experiencing menopause,'" Berry recounted to reporters.<br />

Selena Gomez expresses a profound optimism regarding the mental well-being of the upcoming generation

Selena Gomez, at 31, finds herself deeply inspired by the younger generation's approach to mental health. The actress, diagnosed with bipolar disorder four years ago, recently spearheaded a special event for her Rare Impact fund, raising $7 million for mental health causes. Reflecting on the event on Instagram, she expressed immense hope and gratitude, emphasizing the significance of mental health in her life and the collective mission she shares with her supporters. <br /> During the event, Gomez engaged in a conversation with US Surgeon General Vice Admiral Vivek Murthy, discussing the importance of social connection and the impact of communities like the one she has fostered. Murthy praised Gomez for her role in promoting self-acceptance, support, and healing worldwide. <br /> This event follows Gomez's inaugural Rare Impact Fund Benefit in October 2023, where she candidly shared her struggles before her bipolar diagnosis, highlighting how understanding her condition brought clarity and reduced fear.<br />

Vaccine Against Urinary Tract Infections in Development

Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections. They can be painful, require antibiotic treatments, and recur in 20%-30% of cases. With the risk for the emergence or increase of resistance to antibiotics, it is important to search for potential therapeutic alternatives to treat or prevent urinary tract infections.<br /> <br /> <br /> The MV140 Vaccine<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The MV140 vaccine is produced by the Spanish pharmaceutical company Immunotek. MV140, known as Uromune, consists of a suspension of whole heat-inactivated bacteria in glycerol, sodium chloride, an artificial pineapple flavor, and water. It includes equal percentages of strains from four bacterial species (V121 Escherichia coli, V113 Klebsiella pneumoniae, V125 Enterococcus faecalis, and V127 Proteus vulgaris). MV140 is administered sublingually by spraying two 100-�L doses daily for 3 months.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The vaccine is in phase 2-3 of development. It is available under special access programs outside of marketing authorization in 26 countries, including Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Australia, New Zealand, and Chile. Recently, MV140 was approved in Mexico and the Dominican Republic and submitted to Health Canada for registration.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A randomized study published in 2022 showed the vaccine's efficacy in preventing urinary tract infections over 9 months. In total, 240 women with a urinary tract infection received MV140 for either 3 or 6 months or a placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the number of urinary tract infection episodes during the 9-month study period after vaccination.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In this pivotal study, MV140 administration for 3 and 6 months was associated with a significant reduction in the median number of urinary tract infection episodes, from 3.0 to 0.0 compared with the placebo during the 9-month efficacy period. The median time to the first urinary tract infection after 3 months of treatment was 275.0 days in the MV140 groups compared with 48.0 days in the placebo group.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Nine-Year Follow-Up<br /> <br /> <br /> On April 6 at the 2024 congress of The European Association of Urology, urologists from the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust presented the results of a study evaluating the MV140 vaccine spray for long-term prevention of bacterial urinary tract infections.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> This was a prospective cohort study involving 89 participants (72 women and 17 men) older than 18 years with recurrent urinary tract infections who received a course of MV140 for 3 months. Participants had no urinary tract infection when offered the vaccine and had no other urinary abnormalities (such as tumors, stones, or kidney infections).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Postvaccination follow-up was conducted over a 9-year period, during which researchers analyzed the data from the electronic health records of their initial cohort. They queried participants about the occurrence of urinary tract infections since receiving the vaccine and about potential related side effects. Thus, the results were self-reported.<br /> <br /> <br /> Long-Term Efficacy<br /> <br /> <br /> In this cohort, 48 participants (59%) reported having no infections during the 9-year follow-up. In the cohort of 89 participants, the average period without infection was 54.7 months (4.5 years; 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months for men). No vaccine-related side effects were observed.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The study's limitations included the small number of participants and the collection of self-reported data. Furthermore, all cases were simple urinary tract infections without complications.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The authors concluded that "9 years after first receiving the sublingual spray MV140 vaccine, 54% of participants remained free from urinary tract infection." For them, "this vaccine is safe in the long-term, and our participants reported fewer urinary tract infections and, if any, they were less severe."<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Vaccination could thus be an alternative to antibiotic treatments and could help combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The full study results should be published by the end of 2024.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Other studies are planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MV140 vaccine in older patients residing in long-term care homes, in children suffering from acute urinary tract infections, and in adults suffering from complicated acute urinary tract infections (for example, patients with a catheter or with a neurogenic bladder).

Halle Bailey is grappling with intense postpartum depression to the point where she feels submerged and overwhelmed

Halle Bailey is grappling with profound "severe" postpartum depression, feeling engulfed to the point of dissociation from her body.<br /> The "Little Mermaid" actress, aged 24, welcomed her first child, a son named Halo, with her husband, rapper and vlogger DDG, aged 26, in January. She has now shared with her fans that she has been battling a serious case of what some may colloquially refer to as "baby blues," which, in reality, can entail hormonal shifts severe enough to trigger anxiety, tearfulness, and agitation necessitating urgent medical attention. <br /> In a video posted on her Snapchat discussing her struggle with the condition, Halle revealed that despite being with her "perfect" baby boy, she is grappling with a "really bad" bout of the condition. <br /> She elaborated, stating, "I have severe, severe postpartum depression, and I don't know if any new moms can relate, but it's to the point where it's really bad, and it's hard for me to be separated from my baby for more than 30 minutes at a time before I start to kind of freak out." <br /> Halle praised her partner, DDG, whom she referred to by his real name, Darryl Dwayne Granberry Jr., as the "most amazing daddy in the world," emphasizing his unwavering support during her ordeal. <br /> She continued, expressing her profound affection for Halo, describing him as a miracle and acknowledging his beauty. However, she confessed that struggling to feel normal in her own body has been a significant challenge. <br /> Halle shared, "The only thing that's been hard for me is feeling normal in my own body. I feel like a completely different person. When I look in the mirror, I just feel like I'm in a whole new body. Like, I don't know who I am." <br /> Addressing the stigma surrounding depression, Halle emphasized, "Before I had a child and I would hear people talk about postpartum, it would kind of just go in one ear and out the other. I didn't realize how serious of a thing it actually was. Now going through it, it almost feels like you're swimming in this ocean that's like the biggest waves you've ever felt and you're trying not to drown. And you're trying to come up for air." <br /> Halle underscored that her depression was unrelated to Halo and admitted that she had been "triggered" on the day she recorded her video by encountering online comments about her and her family.<br />

Billie Eilish shares insights into her challenges with mental health

Billie Eilish has "never been a happy person".<br /> <br /> The 22-year-old pop star has enjoyed huge success since releasing her debut album, 'When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?', back in 2019 - but Billie admits that she's still "not a happy person".<br /> <br /> Speaking to Rolling Stone magazine about her mental health, Billie shared: "It was just realer than it's ever been before.<br /> <br /> "My whole life, I've never been a happy person, really. I've been a joyous person, but not a happy person. I experience joy and laughter and I can find fun in things, but I'm a depressed person."<br /> <br /> Billie has battled depression for years, and the pop star has recalled losing faith entirely at one point in time.<br /> <br /> The 'Bad Guy' hitmaker said: "I've suffered with a lot of depression my whole life.<br /> <br /> "When things happen in my soul, or whatever, the thing I've always held on to is, �Well, it'll pass. It'll come in waves and it'll get worse and it'll get better.' And that's always brought me comfort. And this time, I literally was like, �I don't care. I don't even want it to get better.'"<br /> <br /> Despite this, Billie believes she's recently benefited from a more relaxed approach to her fame and success.<br /> <br /> She shared: "I hit a turning point.<br /> <br /> "I had this moment of like, �Oh, my God, I haven't had fun in seven years.' Truly.<br /> <br /> "I had this illusion that I had, because who experiences going to the Grammys at basically 17 and winning five? But in life, I realised I had really not experienced that much. I didn't go outside for five years. How was I supposed to have any experiences?"<br /> <br /> Billie feels she's recently been "biting the bullet" by attending parties and concerts with her friends.<br /> <br /> She said: "I'm afraid of people, I'm afraid of the world. It's just scary for somebody like me, and even if it's not scary, it means being on and being vulnerable and being seen and being filmed and whatever.<br /> <br /> "But with that all in mind, I have been choosing to do the thing that scares me more. I am biting the bullet and existing in the world for once."<br />

There is a push for domestic pharmaceutical companies in South Africa to increase the production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to create employment opportunities and enhance health security

A health advocacy organization has advocated for increased local production of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in South Africa, not only to combat HIV/AIDS but also to stimulate economic growth in the pharmaceutical sector. <br /> MMH & Partners Africa, a company dedicated to facilitating and establishing equitable access to healthcare products in Africa, highlights that local ARV producers currently supply only 51% of the government's drug tender, with the remaining 49% sourced from Indian manufacturers overseas. <br /> The group argues that enhancing local production would be more beneficial for health security, as well as for various industries within the supply chain. Michael Mynhardt, co-founder and CEO of MMH & Partners Africa, emphasizes that the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of ensuring access to pharmaceuticals and critical goods. <br /> He asserts that while COVID-19 fades in prominence, the HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a significant challenge in South Africa. Mynhardt notes that the government's tender allocation for ARVs demonstrates a commitment to strengthening domestic capabilities and addressing healthcare needs. <br /> By allocating 51% of production capacity to local manufacturers and 49% to Indian counterparts, the government acknowledges the importance of fostering a resilient and self-reliant pharmaceutical industry. <br /> Mynhardt emphasizes that local production not only creates jobs and boosts ARV production but also benefits adjacent industries. Moreover, he argues that producing ARVs locally allows for distribution to other African countries, aligning with the Africa CDC's vision for equitable access to medicine. <br /> He concludes that striving for self-reliance in medicinal needs enhances resilience to global disruptions, fosters economic development, and promotes long-term health security.<br />

The rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal are contributing to the global effort in discovering a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine

Sicelo Masangwana shuts his office door in Somkele, a settlement of approximately 6,000 residents near Mtubatuba in northern KwaZulu-Natal. He strides toward the building's foyer where a group of twenty-somethings eagerly await him, wiping his forehead and taking a deep breath. <br /> "This is going to be a lengthy day," he remarks with a smile. <br /> Outside, children play barefoot football on the dusty street leading into the village from the paved highway. Occasionally, residents come and go from their homes, carrying out their daily tasks as usual by mid-morning on weekdays. <br /> It's a typical Tuesday in March, around 10:30 am. In the Mtubatuba municipality, located roughly 50 km north of Richards Bay, approximately 1% of the population is afflicted with tuberculosis (TB). Symptoms of TB typically include weight loss, night sweats, persistent fever, or an ongoing cough. <br /> TB rates in this area are elevated, in part due to the high prevalence of HIV infection, with about three out of ten individuals contracting the virus. (HIV-positive individuals are up to 20 times more susceptible to TB compared to those without HIV.) <br /> Masangwana, a researcher at the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), is overseeing a clinical trial here as part of a broader study assessing the efficacy of a potential new TB vaccine called M72/AS01E. <br /> A previous phase two trial demonstrated that the vaccine could protect at least half of those infected with TB from falling ill and was deemed safe. This promising outcome led to the initiation of a larger phase three trial, which Masangwana is now focusing on. <br /> This endeavor, spanning seven countries and involving 60 sites and 20,000 participants aged 15 to 44, aims to evaluate the vaccine's effectiveness. In South Africa, the AHRI site aims to enroll approximately 1,000 participants by year-end. <br /> The trial involves administering two doses of the vaccine one month apart to half of the participants, while the other half receives placebos. The outcomes will determine the vaccine's ability to prevent illness. <br /> Currently, the only TB vaccine available is the Calmette-Gu�rin (BCG) vaccine, administered to infants at birth. However, its protection wanes by adulthood, rendering it ineffective if administered later in life. <br /> In 2022, over nine million adults worldwide fell ill with TB, underscoring the urgent need for a vaccine to prevent transmission. M72 offers a promising opportunity to combat the disease, which claimed 1.3 million lives globally in 2022, twice the number of deaths attributed to HIV. <br /> Researchers anticipate final trial results within the next four to five years. <br /> As they roll out the trial, researchers in rural South Africa consider several key factors: <br /> 1. Gradual Onset and Scaling: The trial begins gradually, with the aim of enrolling 100 participants by the end of April before scaling up operations to meet year-end targets. <br /> 2. Community Engagement: Researchers target areas with high TB prevalence, engaging community members through various channels, including outreach at taxi ranks, sports stadiums, shops, and other community hubs. <br /> 3. Participant Support: Participants receive transportation to and from the research site, regular health check-ups, and compensation for their time and expenses, ensuring sustained involvement throughout the trial period. <br /> 4. Understanding Community Dynamics: Researchers navigate challenges such as crime and cultural norms to ensure smooth trial implementation. Understanding community dynamics helps anticipate and address potential obstacles to participation. <br /> Despite challenges, researchers remain committed to advancing TB vaccine research, with the potential for South Africa to lead global efforts in TB prevention�a significant milestone in public health.<br />

Reports have surfaced regarding resistance to a commonly used HIV medication in South Africa, sparking concerns; however, experts advise against alarm

One of the notable advancements in HIV treatment in recent decades is the significant reduction in side effects and improved efficacy of the antiretroviral drugs used today compared to older ones.<br /> In 2019, South Africa began incorporating a new antiretroviral medication called dolutegravir into its treatment regimen, following a recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO). Dolutegravir garnered much enthusiasm due to its minimal side effects, high effectiveness in suppressing HIV, and low likelihood of the virus developing resistance to it. <br /> Within just four years, over 4.7 million individuals in South Africa transitioned to dolutegravir-based treatment, typically combined into a single pill with the antiretrovirals tenofovir and emtracitabine. The transition has been widely regarded as a success, supported by a significant study published in the Lancet medical journal, which indicated that individuals who switched to dolutegravir-based regimens were more likely to adhere to treatment and achieve viral suppression. <br /> However, despite the overall positive outlook on dolutegravir-based HIV treatment, concerns regarding drug resistance have emerged. Recent reports, including a WHO publication on HIV drug resistance and various studies presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), suggest that resistance to dolutegravir is emerging in specific populations, with levels of resistance higher than anticipated. <br /> The WHO report highlighted resistance levels ranging from 3.9% to 8.6% across different surveys, with a peak of 19.6% among individuals with high viral loads who transitioned from other antiretroviral treatments to dolutegravir-based regimens. <br /> Experts caution against alarm, emphasizing that while resistance cases have been identified, they primarily occur in specific contexts, such as individuals who failed previous treatments or were exposed to other integrase inhibitors. Moreover, the overall rates of resistance remain low when considering the broader population receiving dolutegravir. <br /> Several studies presented at CROI examined resistance in specific populations, including those with high viral loads. While some studies reported higher-than-anticipated resistance rates, particularly among individuals with previous treatment failures, the overall incidence of resistance remains relatively low. <br /> Experts stress the importance of continued surveillance for dolutegravir resistance to inform treatment strategies effectively. While there may be a need for adjustments in the future, proactive monitoring and research efforts are essential to address emerging challenges while maintaining effective HIV treatment programs.<br />

Cough syrup produced in South Africa, labeled toxic, has been recalled from store shelves in Nigeria and Kenya

Nigeria and Kenya's healthcare authorities have reportedly withdrawn a batch of Benylin pediatric cough syrup from the shelves. They indicated that the medicine, allegedly produced in South Africa, contained an unacceptable level of a potentially lethal poisonous chemical that could cause illness and death in children.<br /> According to Reuters, testing conducted on the cough syrup brand revealed a high concentration of diethylene glycol. The medicine is typically used to alleviate cough, congestion symptoms, and allergic reactions in children aged two to 12, as stated in a notice posted on Nigeria's National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) website. <br /> "The laboratory analysis conducted on the product revealed an unacceptably high level of diethylene glycol, which was found to cause acute oral toxicity in laboratory animals," the organization stated. <br /> This chemical has reportedly been linked to numerous deaths of children in Cameroon, Gambia, and Uzbekistan since 2022, marking one of the world's most severe outbreaks of oral medicine poisoning. <br /> The Nigerian health authority further warned that ingestion of the chemical by humans could result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, and acute kidney injury, potentially leading to death. <br /> Kenvue, the owner of Benylin, reportedly stated that it was conducting its own assessment and examining the testing methodology used. <br /> "We are in discussions with the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control in Nigeria to gain further insight as we conduct our own evaluation, including validating the authenticity of the sampled product, the testing methodology employed, and the results reported by the agency," a Kenvue spokesperson informed News24.<br />

Might mesquite coffee spark the Northern Cape's next 'diamond rush'?

Along the banks of the Orange River in the quaint town of Prieska, a product is being harvested that could potentially revolutionize global health and daily coffee habits. Mesquite coffee beans have the potential to become the Northern Cape's next major discovery.<br /> South African entrepreneur Brandt Coetzee stumbled upon the revelation that roasting the seedpods of the mesquite tree enhances their rich caramel flavors, resulting in a low glycemic index coffee-like brew that energizes without the side effects of caffeine. <br /> The region has been grappling with the invasion of alien vegetation, particularly the thorny mesquite tree, for over a century. Covering over 8 million hectares of farmland in the Northern Cape, this invasive species poses significant environmental and water resource challenges. <br /> For the past 26 years, brothers Aam and Brandt Coetzee have been dedicated to researching the health and nutritional benefits of the mesquite tree. Their journey began in 1996 when Minister Kader Asmal initiated the 'Working for Water campaign,' prompting Brandt Coetzee to explore ways to mitigate the spread of mesquite trees while benefiting the local economy. <br /> Mesquite powder, considered a superfood, has been found to have restorative benefits for diabetes by regenerating beta cells in the pancreas. It effectively lowers the glycemic index of foods, making it suitable for those on low GI diets. <br /> In 2020, Brandt Coetzee's experimentation led to the creation of MannaBrew's Mesquite Superfood Coffee, a coffee-like brew roasted from mesquite pods. This innovative product diversifies the traditional use of mesquite trees, offering an alternative to wood harvesting. <br /> Harvesting mesquite pods requires careful timing and manual labor, providing employment opportunities for over 1,000 workers in the economically disadvantaged Northern Cape. The pods must be collected immediately after falling to prevent fermentation, which can lead to aflatoxins. <br /> MannaBrew's Mesquite Superfood Coffee offers a unique taste experience, distinct from traditional coffee substitutes. With its natural creaminess and sweetness, it revitalizes the body without the acidity and caffeine-related reactions associated with coffee beans. <br /> In summary, mesquite coffee brew resembles coffee in appearance, preparation, and enjoyment but offers the added benefits of a superfood. It presents a sustainable solution to environmental challenges while creating economic opportunities in the Northern Cape.<br />

The approach of winter prompts experts to advise South Africans to receive the flu vaccine

With the upcoming influenza season, this year's flu vaccine is now accessible in South Africa.<br /> Influenza presents various strains of the virus, each mutating annually, necessitating the production of a new vaccine to ensure ongoing protection, as stated by Dr. Cathelijn Zeijlemaker, a family physician and medical director at Netcare's Primary Care division. <br /> Globally, between three to four million individuals suffer severe influenza illness annually, resulting in hundreds of thousands of fatalities, according to both the World Health Organization (WHO) and South Africa's Department of Health's National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), who advocate vaccination as the most effective preventive measure. <br /> The most vulnerable to influenza include those with chronic conditions, the elderly, pregnant women, and young children. Dr. Zeijlemaker emphasizes the importance of vaccination, especially for those in close contact with vulnerable individuals, as it helps prevent transmission and safeguards loved ones. <br /> Each September, the WHO's expert advisors recommend the strains to be included in the upcoming year's Southern Hemisphere flu vaccine, ensuring updated protection. <br /> It's important to note that while the influenza vaccine addresses flu strains, it doesn't safeguard against common cold viruses prevalent during winter. Although their symptoms may resemble those of influenza, they tend to be milder and shorter in duration. <br /> Influenza symptoms include body aches, fever, nasal congestion, fatigue, and coughing, hindering daily activities. Children, in particular, have higher susceptibility rates, contributing to increased community transmission. <br /> Despite most individuals recovering within a few days, influenza can lead to prolonged illness and complications. Seeking medical assistance is crucial if symptoms worsen or persist, especially if chest pains or shortness of breath occur. <br /> To combat seasonal flu effectively, obtaining the annual influenza vaccine early is recommended, as it takes approximately two weeks to confer full protection. While flu outbreaks typically peak during winter's colder months, their onset can be unpredictable. <br /> Dr. Zeijlemaker notes that mild side effects such as redness, swelling, soreness at the injection site, or mild fever, rash, headache, or body aches might occur post-vaccination. These symptoms are usually transient and minor, with a slight risk of severe allergic reactions, similar to other medications.<br />

Divergence in Child Vaccination Protocols between Public and Private Sectors in South Africa: Implications Explained

Childhood vaccines are offered free of charge at South Africa's public clinics. However, new parents may encounter a disconcerting revelation when they realize that vaccines for certain childhood illnesses are unavailable in the public sector. <br /> South Africa's childhood immunization regimen encompasses vaccines against 11 different diseases for children aged 0 to 15 years. Presently, this regimen excludes vaccines for four infectious diseases: chickenpox, hepatitis A, rubella (German measles), and meningococcal meningitis. <br /> Decisions regarding vaccine inclusion in the program are guided by recommendations from the national advisory group on immunization, considering factors such as scientific evidence on vaccine safety and efficacy, as well as disease prevalence nationwide. <br /> Although the childhood diseases omitted from the public schedule may not be widespread in South Africa, they remain severe infectious diseases, as emphasized by Lindi Mathebula, a research assistant at the South African Medical Research Council. Mathebula notes that these diseases are continuously monitored through the Germs-SA annual surveillance. <br /> While South Africa lacks precise statistics on the prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the condition affecting Mathebula, she underscores the importance of awareness and proactive management, especially considering the disparities in healthcare access between the public and private sectors. <br /> Furthermore, while the South African government's immunization schedule is comprehensive, covering a wide range of diseases and reaching most children, parents should still consider vaccinating their children against diseases not included in the government schedule, available through private healthcare providers. <br /> Despite the financial cost associated with private vaccination, the protection afforded against preventable diseases is invaluable. Additionally, childhood immunization contributes to herd immunity, protecting vulnerable individuals who cannot receive vaccinations themselves. <br /> In essence, childhood immunization plays a vital role in public health by preventing disease spread, and additional vaccines available through private healthcare contribute to overall community immunity, particularly in the context of ongoing vaccination efforts against COVID-19.<br />

The narrative concerning Michelle Saayman

My mother, Michelle Saayman, received a devastating diagnosis of kidney cancer at the age of 50. Prior to this, I had never encountered anyone with kidney cancer or even considered the possibility of cancer affecting my family.<br /> We often joked about my mother's exemplary health habits. She maintained a balanced diet, stayed physically active, and prioritized regular health check-ups. To me, she epitomized optimal health. <br /> However, on Friday, October 1, 2021, my perception of my mother's health drastically shifted when my father delivered the shocking news over the phone: "Danielle, mom has been diagnosed with kidney cancer." I was left speechless and bewildered. It felt surreal, as if it must have been a mistake. But unfortunately, it was our new reality. <br /> In August 2021, my mother began experiencing back pain, initially attributing it to her regular household activities. However, the pain intensified to the point where she struggled to walk. Despite visiting the doctor and receiving pain medication, her condition worsened. She started losing weight and exhibited symptoms associated with kidney stones, including blood in her urine and occasional fevers. <br /> On Saturday, September 25, she revisited the doctor, who suspected kidney stones and arranged for a CT scan. The results revealed a mass on her left kidney, leading to a referral to an oncologist at Cancer Care in Gqeberha. <br /> The doctor's news that Friday morning was devastating. My mother likened hearing the words "you have cancer" to being drenched with ice-cold water. Not only was she diagnosed with metastatic left kidney cancer, but it had already spread to her spine, causing severe erosion of T2, necessitating emergency surgery before initiating any treatment. <br /> Following surgical stabilization, the focus shifted to commencing treatment promptly. A ray of hope emerged when she was selected to participate in trials conducted by an American pharmaceutical company targeting her type of kidney cancer. Participating in this trial would have provided her with top-notch care and covered all medical expenses. <br /> Despite undergoing two months of hospital visits for blood transfusions in hopes of raising her iron levels, she was ultimately deemed ineligible for the trial. The doctors believed they had exhausted all options to boost her iron levels. Subsequently, she was prescribed a chemotherapy pill, which she dreaded due to its anticipated side effects. <br /> I'll never forget the evening she held that pill in her hand, trembling with fear of the side effects she would endure. Despite her apprehension, she took it, promising us that she would fight with all her might. <br /> Each person's experience with chemotherapy varies, and we were familiar with its effects on cancer patients. However, when my mother began taking that chemo pill, we entered uncharted territory, and everything changed drastically. <br /> The side effects took a toll on her, causing nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and skin reactions. Helplessly, we watched her body weaken day by day. The robust mother I once knew became frail, unable to walk unassisted due to the pill's sensitivity to the soles of her feet. <br /> Witnessing her suffering left me feeling utterly helpless. There were days when all I wanted to do was hold her, but her pain prevented even the gentlest touch. <br /> We clung to hope in that chemo pill; my mother clung to it even tighter. We prayed fervently that it would shrink the tumor as promised, enabling the removal of her kidney. However, our hopes dwindled when the cancer spread to her liver, accelerating at an uncontrollable pace. <br /> The tumor on her left kidney remained unaffected by the treatment, quickly spreading to her lower back and up her spine into her brain. With stage four cancer, the doctors could offer no further interventions. The inevitable conclusion drew near. Despite the harsh reality, my mother found solace in accepting the outcome and chose to cease treatment. Her body was exhausted, wracked with pain. <br /> Nothing could have prepared us for those final days; it was heart-wrenching. Initially, she responded to our expressions of love, but eventually, even that connection faded. As I stood by her bedside, I refused to accept the reality unfolding before me, clinging to hope for a miraculous change until the end. <br /> My mother's cancer journey concluded on September 18, 2022, at the age of 51, a grueling battle spanning just 11 months. I hesitate to say she "lost" her battle to cancer, as it implies she didn't fight. She fought with every ounce of strength she possessed. <br /> She still harbored dreams for her future. When asked by a counselor at Cancer Care what she would ask of God, she simply replied, "I want to grow old enough to witness my children's weddings." <br /> Though I shared only 23 years of my life with her, she imparted everything I needed to succeed and remains the greatest human being I've ever known. Losing a mother at a young age is profoundly challenging, but I strive to honor her memory by making the most of the time I have. <br /> There was only one Michelle Saayman, and her absence is deeply felt. <br /> I dedicate this tribute to my remarkable mother, those we've lost to this merciless disease, and all those currently battling cancer. <br /> As March draws attention to kidney health, Dr. Chevon Clark, CEO of National Renal Care (NRC), utilized World Kidney Day to underscore the significance of kidney health maintenance. <br /> The kidneys play a pivotal role in our bodies, acting as filters to eliminate toxins, regulate fluid balance, and maintain acid-base equilibrium. Without this vital function, severe health repercussions may ensue. <br /> Risk factors such as uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, trauma, infections, and certain cancers can predispose individuals to kidney disease. <br /> Dr. Clark emphasized the importance of regular screenings, knowledge about kidney health, and proactive involvement in one's health journey for optimal kidney health. <br /> "In South Africa, high blood pressure is the leading cause of kidney disease, contributing to 60 to 65 percent of cases. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, or a family history of kidney disease face heightened risks and must remain vigilant," stated Dr. Clark, noting the increasing prevalence of kidney disease in South Africa. "Familiarize yourself with your risk factors to manage them effectively, and ensure regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to maintain healthy blood pressure levels and minimize kidney damage." <br /> "National Renal Care stands at the forefront of the battle against kidney disease, advocating for early detection, proactive management, and patient empowerment," Dr. Clark affirmed. <br /> "Let us join forces to raise awareness, promote kidney health, and enhance the quality of life for kidney patients," Dr. Clark concluded.<br />

FDA Clears Rejoyn: First Prescription Digital Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder

The US Food and Drug Administration has authorized the use of Rejoyn, marking a significant milestone as the inaugural prescription digital therapy for major depressive disorder. <br /> <br /> Developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and Click Therapeutics, Rejoyn is a smartphone application designed to accompany antidepressant medications for individuals aged 22 and above diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The app implements a six-week program, combining a novel approach known as cognitive-emotional training with lessons from cognitive behavioral therapy, as outlined in an official press release. <br /> <br /> Given its classification as a low- to medium-risk medical device, Rejoyn was only required to demonstrate its "substantial equivalence" to another existing device, ensuring comparable safety and efficacy to gain FDA clearance. <br /> <br /> Dr. John Kraus, executive vice president and chief medical officer at Otsuka, hailed Rejoyn as an innovative adjunctive treatment option that complements the current standard of care. Despite the effectiveness of traditional approaches, many individuals still experience only partial relief from depressive symptoms. <br /> <br /> Depression remains a prevalent mental health disorder in the US, with approximately 18% of American adults reporting depression or undergoing treatment, according to a 2023 Gallup report. Moreover, research indicates that up to 30% of individuals using antidepressants are considered partial responders, continuing to experience depressive symptoms despite medication. <br /> <br /> Rejoyn aims to address this gap by serving as an adjunct to antidepressants, particularly for partial responders. The app utilizes cognitive-emotional training, such as the Emotional Faces Memory Task, wherein users identify and compare emotions displayed on faces. Preliminary research suggests that these exercises may stimulate brain regions implicated in depression, potentially yielding antidepressant effects. <br /> <br /> Described by Dr. Brian Iacoviello, scientific adviser at Click Therapeutics, as having a neuromodulatory mechanism akin to physical therapy for the brain, Rejoyn delivers personalized brain-training exercises to improve connections in regions affected by depression. <br /> <br /> Despite its innovative approach, skepticism remains regarding the efficacy of Rejoyn's cognitive-emotional training. Dr. John Torous, director of the Division of Digital Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, emphasized that the mechanism is not firmly established, and further research is warranted. <br /> <br /> FDA clearance for Rejoyn was based on a clinical trial involving 386 participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder that was unresponsive to antidepressants. Participants were assigned to either Rejoyn or a sham app lacking cognitive-emotional training or cognitive behavioral therapy. <br /> <br /> Although participants using Rejoyn showed improvement in depressive symptoms compared to baseline, the average change was not significantly different from that observed with the sham app. Nonetheless, no side effects were reported during the trial. <br /> <br /> While the trial did not establish statistically significant benefits, it's important to note that Rejoyn is not intended as a standalone treatment. Dr. Torous emphasized the minimal risks associated with Rejoyn, suggesting that its use might be considered, although insurance coverage remains uncertain. <br /> <br /> Otsuka Pharmaceutical is exploring additional research areas, including other indications and patient populations, with plans to make Rejoyn available in late 2024. However, specific pricing details have yet to be disclosed.<br /> <br /> Dr. Torous underscored the importance of educating clinicians and patients about the risks and benefits of such digital tools. He emphasized the need for personalized recommendations, considering the diverse landscape of mental health apps. <br /> <br /> In conclusion, while the FDA clearance of Rejoyn signifies progress in digital mental health treatment, further research is essential to elucidate its efficacy and ensure informed decision-making among clinicians and patients alike.<br />

Congress Allocates $10 Million for Arthritis Research in 2024 Federal Budget

In the most recent federal fiscal year 2024 budget, Congress earmarked $10 million to support arthritis research, marking a significant step forward in addressing this debilitating condition.<br /> <br /> This initiative is a part of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) operated by the Department of Defense (DOD). The CDMRP has traditionally focused on targeted funding for various diseases and health issues. <br /> <br /> Notably, this marks the inception of a dedicated arthritis research program within the CDMRP. While arthritis-related research had previously received funding through other CDMRP initiatives such as chronic pain management and orthopedic research, this standalone program reflects a focused effort to tackle the complexities of arthritis. <br /> <br /> The specifics of how this funding will be utilized remain to be determined. Akua Roach, PhD, the program manager for the new CDMRP arthritis research program, emphasized the importance of consulting with experts and stakeholders to identify research gaps and priorities. <br /> <br /> Roach acknowledged that while the allocated $10 million is substantial, it won't address every question surrounding arthritis. However, it presents an opportunity to make significant strides in understanding and treating the condition. <br /> <br /> Importantly, the funding isn't limited to military personnel or veterans. Despite being under the umbrella of the DOD, the CDMRP supports research involving diverse patient populations, debunking the misconception that it solely serves military-related health issues. <br /> <br /> Colonel Sarah Goldman, Director of CDMRP, emphasized that the program is open to applicants globally and aims to fund the highest quality research, irrespective of military affiliation. <br /> <br /> While discussions around military relevance are inevitable due to the funding source, Goldman highlighted the broader impact of research on service members and their families. <br /> <br /> Anticipated funding opportunities through this new arthritis research program are expected to be available by July or August 2024, offering a promising avenue for advancing our understanding and treatment of arthritis.<br />

The Mitchells Plain Transitional Care Facility is easing the strain on hospital services

The establishment of a new Transitional Care Facility in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town, is easing the burden on the acute hospital system. With 148 beds, this facility offers intermediate care to patients who are stable but not yet ready for discharge, without overwhelming acute care services. <br /> The Western Cape Department of Health and Wellness has historically provided intermediate care through non-profit organizations (NPOs). The introduction of the Transitional Care Policy in 2022 marks a significant step forward, building upon the previous intermediate care policy of 2012 and incorporating lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. <br /> Currently, the Western Cape boasts 539 transitional care beds in urban areas and 353 in rural districts. These services are funded under the Sub-acute, Step Down, and Chronic Medical Hospitals sub-program, with a budget allocation of R469.875 million for the 2024/25 fiscal year. <br /> At the Mitchells Plain Transitional Care Facility, the Department partners with the NPO Aquarius to deliver services such as short-stay intense rehabilitation, wound care, end-of-life care, post-acute care, and palliative care, alongside family guidance and health education. <br /> Fatima Peters, CEO of the Western Cape Rehabilitation Centre overseeing metropolitan transitional care services, emphasizes the role of transitional care in relieving pressure on acute hospitals, especially post-pandemic. These facilities assemble multidisciplinary teams, including rehabilitation and community care workers, to deliver comprehensive care packages. <br /> In light of budget constraints, Health and Wellness MEC Nomafrench Mbombo stresses the strategic importance of transitional care in strengthening the healthcare system. With acute services facing immense strain, transitional care facilities like Mitchells Plain play a vital role in the department's service redesign efforts, aiming to enhance efficiency, equity, and quality of care across the province. <br /> Already, 140 patients have been admitted to the facility, highlighting its immediate impact on patient care and hospital capacity.<br />

Scientists are labeling the surge in global syphilis rates as a significant public health crisis, dubbing it "The great imitator."

Syphilis, one of humanity's oldest documented afflictions, is experiencing a resurgence on a global scale.<br /> Esteemed scientists worldwide have labeled this resurgence as a public health crisis and a failure, considering that this sexually transmitted infection (STI), which can lead to severe and even fatal outcomes, particularly for infants, is easily curable with early intervention. <br /> Addressing attendees at the Colorado Convention Centre, Professor Khalil Ghanem from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore highlighted the scarcity of comprehensive data. Despite this, cases of syphilis continue to rise, presenting clinicians with increasingly complex clinical scenarios. <br /> Ghanem emphasized the lack of systematic information on managing advanced syphilis cases such as neurosyphilis (involving the central nervous system) and ocular syphilis (affecting the eyes). <br /> Referred to by some medical practitioners as "the great imitator," syphilis manifests in diverse clinical forms that can resemble other illnesses. In severe instances, it inflicts chronic damage on multiple organs in adults. <br /> Additionally, the infection can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, resulting in congenital syphilis, which can lead to premature birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, and various birth defects. While sexual transmission is the primary mode, proper condom use can prevent it. <br /> According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, there were an estimated 661,000 cases of congenital syphilis globally, contributing to significant stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and infants diagnosed with the infection. <br /> Epidemiologist Alex de Voux from the University of Cape Town underscored the failure of healthcare systems in addressing the resurgence of syphilis, despite the availability of testing and treatment. He emphasized the grave consequences, including stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and long-term complications, all stemming from a preventable infection treated with age-old penicillin. <br /> Statistics presented at the conference revealed a substantial increase in syphilis cases in recent years, with various studies highlighting its association with HIV, especially among populations like men who have sex with men (MSM). <br /> Despite historical declines following the advent of penicillin, syphilis cases have surged in the past two decades, attributed partly to decreased condom use and challenges in healthcare access. Congenital syphilis cases are often underreported, reflecting gaps in healthcare systems. <br /> While penicillin remains the primary treatment during pregnancy, shortages pose challenges, leading to alternative treatments like doxycycline. However, this presents its own set of issues, including gastrointestinal side effects. <br /> Experts stress the urgency of developing new treatment strategies and a vaccine for syphilis, although such solutions remain elusive.<br />

Africa scrutinized: The continent grapples with 44 disease outbreaks and 104 ongoing epidemic emergencies

Africa CDC has reported that since the beginning of the year, Africa has experienced 44 disease outbreaks, leading to 104 active epidemic emergencies across the continent. <br /> The major diseases causing concern include cholera, measles, dengue fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, chikungunya, monkeypox, diphtheria, and the West Nile virus. <br /> Cholera has been identified in 15 African countries, with a total of 8,440 confirmed cases and 45,939 suspected cases reported. Zambia has been severely affected, reporting 18,139 cases and 577 deaths, followed by Zimbabwe with 13,105 cases and 182 deaths. <br /> Measles cases have been reported in several African countries, with a total of 1,977 confirmed cases and 885 deaths. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been the most affected, reporting 22,285 suspected cases and 703 deaths. <br /> Monkeypox has been reported in four African countries, with the DRC being the most affected, reporting 3,190 cases and 249 deaths. <br /> Other diseases such as diphtheria, dengue fever, chikungunya, Lassa fever, and meningitis have also been recorded in various African countries, with Nigeria and Mali among the countries reporting significant cases and fatalities.<br />

Elon Musk discusses ketamine usage: 'I use it sporadically'

Elon Musk affirms that he only occasionally uses ketamine. <br /> The billionaire, aged 52, discussed his ketamine use, emphasizing that he limits its consumption to address periods of depression. He reassured investors that his usage should not raise concerns about his ability to manage his companies, which encompass Tesla and SpaceX. <br /> Speaking on 'The Don Lemon Show,' Musk stated, "What's crucial is execution. Tesla's valuation is comparable to the entire automotive industry combined... which is quite significant." <br /> "From an investor's perspective, if there's something I'm using, I should continue using it," he added. <br /> As a father of ten, Elon explained to Don, aged 58, that he only takes ketamine sporadically when experiencing a "negative chemical state of mind," typically ingesting a small dose every other week. <br /> He clarified, "It's not a frequent occurrence." <br /> Elon praised ketamine, an anesthetic prescribed by his doctor, for its ability to help shift one's mindset away from negativity. <br /> While Elon did not explicitly mention a depression diagnosis, he acknowledged experiencing times when he encounters a "negative chemical state" akin to depression in his brain. <br /> Although he refrains from drug use or drinking, Elon emphasized, "If you consume too much ketamine, productivity suffers, and I have a heavy workload." <br /> Elon elaborated on his demanding schedule, noting that he typically works 16-hour days without taking weekends off. Consequently, he lacks the luxury of extended periods of mental fog. <br /> "I can't afford to be mentally impaired for an extended duration because I need to remain sharp to fulfill my responsibilities," he remarked.<br /> "Given my workload, I can't afford to slack off," he concluded.<br />

UN report: Child mortality worldwide reaches its lowest point in history in 2022

Despite advancements, approximately 4.9 million children worldwide died before reaching their fifth birthday, equivalent to one death every six seconds. <br /> According to the latest estimates from the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), the number of children succumbing before age five has reached a historical low, dropping to 4.9 million in 2022. <br /> UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell emphasized the human stories behind these figures, highlighting the efforts of midwives, skilled health personnel, and community health workers in ensuring safe deliveries, vaccinations, and support for families. <br /> The report indicates a global decrease in under-5 mortality by 51% since 2000, with several low- and lower-middle-income countries making significant progress, such as Cambodia, Malawi, Mongolia, and Rwanda, which reduced under-5 mortality by over 75%.<br /> However, despite this progress, there remains a considerable challenge in ending preventable child and youth deaths. In addition to the 4.9 million under-5 deaths, another 2.1 million children and youth aged 5-24 lost their lives prematurely, with most deaths concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. <br /> These losses primarily stem from preventable or treatable causes such as preterm birth, birth complications, pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria. Better access to quality primary healthcare, including vaccinations, skilled birth attendance, breastfeeding support, and treatment of childhood illnesses, could have saved many lives. <br /> WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stressed the importance of equitable access to quality healthcare, regardless of where a child is born, advocating for investment in education, jobs, and decent working conditions for health workers. <br /> Community health workers play a crucial role in delivering life-saving interventions and should be integrated into primary healthcare systems, adequately compensated, trained, and equipped. <br /> The report underscores the potential of community-based interventions in reducing child mortality in high-risk countries, emphasizing the need for integrated management of childhood illnesses. <br /> Dr. Juan Pablo Uribe, Global Director for Health, Nutrition, and Population at the World Bank, urged accelerated progress through increased investments, collaboration, and focus to honor the global commitment to end preventable child deaths. <br /> Despite progress, substantial threats and inequities persist, including increasing inequality, economic instability, conflicts, climate change, and the fallout of COVID-19, which could reverse gains and lead to continued loss of children's lives. <br /> Addressing these challenges requires efforts to reduce inequities and improve access to high-quality healthcare, particularly around childbirth. <br /> Improved data and statistical systems are essential to better track and monitor child survival and health, especially in regions with high mortality burdens like sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.<br />

Over 2.1 million individuals have received cholera vaccinations in the high-risk areas of Zimbabwe

In Harare, Juliet Chikono, a resident of Zimbabwe's capital, feels a sense of relief as one of over 2.1 million Zimbabweans who received vaccination against cholera during a single-dose reactive campaign aimed at curbing the recent outbreak. The outbreak has been reported across all ten provinces of the country.<br /> Chikono expresses, "Our community has faced numerous challenges recently, and I'm taking precautions to ensure my safety." <br /> The month-long vaccination initiative, concluding on February 22, 2024, in Harare, focused on individuals over one year old in 26 high-risk districts spanning seven provinces. Zimbabwe received a total of 2,303,248 vaccine doses in three batches, with the final batch of 66,612 arriving on February 17, 2024. <br /> By March 3, 2024, the country had documented over 27,055 suspected cholera cases, with over 71 laboratory-confirmed deaths and 501 suspected deaths since the beginning of 2023. <br /> Supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the African Region, teams were dispatched to supervise the campaign's execution in various provinces. The first phase attained over 90% coverage in target districts of Harare province, Masvingo, Midlands, and Mashonaland Central. <br /> To minimize gatherings and halt further transmission, vaccination teams conducted door-to-door visits in addition to operating fixed vaccination points at healthcare facilities in affected regions. Each team, consisting of three community health workers, including a vaccinator, social mobilizer, and recorder, vaccinated an average of 150 individuals daily. <br /> Preceding the vaccination campaign, a comprehensive social mobilization effort was initiated to raise awareness, generate vaccine demand, and address hesitancy. Chikono, not a community health worker herself, intends to advocate for vaccination within her community for their safety. <br /> Shylet Maravanyika, a community health worker in Kuwadzana district, observes that communities comprehend the cholera risks. Due to effective public awareness campaigns, most individuals eagerly seek vaccination. <br /> Maravanyika states, "We've been rallying our communities, and it's been relatively smooth because people have witnessed the devastating effects of cholera. Many are rushing to get vaccinated." <br /> One resident of Kuwadzana, speaking anonymously, shares, "I'm glad to be vaccinated. I've lost family members to cholera, so I embraced this opportunity when I heard about it from the community health worker." <br /> The Ministry of Health and Child Care, in collaboration with other ministries and supported by WHO, UNICEF, and other partners, initiated a multisectoral cholera response. This response focuses on coordinating outbreak responses, case treatment, and prevention through improved water, sanitation, hygiene, and dissemination of preventive messages. <br /> Zimbabwe's Minister of Health and Child Care, Dr. Douglas Mombeshora, emphasizes that the vaccination campaign supplements ongoing outbreak control measures. The government prioritizes reinforcing critical outbreak control and prevention measures, especially ensuring access to safe water. <br /> Mombeshora states, "Over 3,000 boreholes have been drilled in rural areas, and more resources and efforts will be directed toward this." <br /> Cholera treatment centers have been set up in hotspot locations, and efforts continue to enhance key response measures such as disease surveillance, infection prevention, water, sanitation, and hygiene services to prevent further spread. <br /> While cholera is treatable, it poses significant health and socio-economic challenges, necessitating a robust multisectoral response. The long-term solution lies in economic development and universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation. <br /> Jean-Marie Dangou, Acting WHO Representative in Zimbabwe, warns, "While oral cholera vaccines are crucial, it's essential to recognize that cholera thrives in areas with poor sanitation and clean water access. Cholera is a disease of inequality, highlighting the ongoing critical work required."<br />

A South African technology entrepreneur addresses a healthcare issue

A significant turning point for technology entrepreneur Neo Hutiri, who contracted tuberculosis after leaving his corporate job, unexpectedly led to the birth of his globally acclaimed venture in the healthcare sector. <br /> Hutiri, an electrical engineer, stands as the founder of Pelebox, which received the Royal Academy of Engineering's special medal commemorating a decade of the Africa Prize for Engineering Innovation earlier this month. <br /> His innovative concept was among the 12 selected from six countries that participated in the program over the past ten years. <br /> Moreover, Hutiri was among the five entrepreneurs awarded in the Irish Tech Challenge South Africa, where he traveled to Dublin for a mentoring and acceleration program before presenting his business ideas to international investors last week. <br /> Pelebox operates as a digital platform managing internet-enabled smart lockers, enabling patients to swiftly collect their repeat chronic medication without enduring long queues at public clinics. <br /> The process mirrors an ATM post office, akin to cardless instant money transfers, where lockers containing medicine are accessed using a one-time personal identification number sent via text message. <br /> This streamlined collection process emerged from Hutiri's personal experience battling tuberculosis in 2014, during which he observed the inefficiencies at Bophelong government clinic in Vanderbijlpark. <br /> Enduring hours-long queues for medication collection sparked Hutiri's frustration, prompting him to contemplate innovative solutions. He envisioned a system that minimizes waiting times, benefiting both patients and healthcare facilities. <br /> This vision prompted Hutiri to pitch his locker concept to various stakeholders, including clinic managers, district health officials, and the national department of health. Following extensive consultations, he launched his pilot project at Stanza 2 Clinic in Mamelodi in 2017. <br /> The locally designed lockers and patented software, developed with assistance from the Trade and Innovation Agency, represent Hutiri's commitment to local innovation. <br /> Presently, Pelebox operates 123 lockers across Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, and North West provinces, with expansions into Botswana and Namibia. <br /> Looking ahead, Hutiri aims to scale his innovation's reach to impact a million people and expand locker deployments across Southern Africa, leveraging the opportunities presented by the African Continental Free Trade Area. <br /> The Irish Tech Challenge South Africa, aimed at fostering international partnerships, offered Hutiri and other winners a platform to showcase their innovations and explore global markets. <br /> The initiative, supported by the Technology Innovation Agency and Tshimologong, aims to empower local tech startups in addressing societal challenges and contributing to economic growth. <br /> Other winners of the challenge include entrepreneurs Vuyo Pakade, Benedicta Durcan, and Tumelo Chiloane, each offering unique solutions with the potential to drive positive change and economic development.<br />

5-year-old battles rare blood cancer: Urgent call for compatible stem donor

In commemoration of International Childhood Cancer Day on February 15, Palesa Mokomele, Head of Community Engagement and Communications at DKMS Africa, shared poignant insights with Independent Media Lifestyle about the harsh realities faced by families dealing with childhood cancer.<br /> <br /> Mokomele expressed the significance of International Childhood Cancer Day as a global initiative aimed at raising awareness about childhood cancer and offering support to children, adolescents, survivors, and their families. She emphasized that childhood cancer is a leading cause of death among young individuals worldwide, with over 400,000 cases diagnosed annually in those under 20 years old.<br /> <br /> Highlighting the critical role of stem cell donations, Mokomele stressed that heightened awareness could significantly impact the chances of saving young lives. Stem cells often serve as the last hope for children battling various blood cancers, making increased awareness and donor registration essential.<br /> <br /> Mokomele shared the touching story of Arthie Ishwarlal, whose daughter, Preshthi, was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) in 2021 at the age of two. Despite undergoing treatment, Preshthi experienced a relapse earlier this year, highlighting the urgent need for a stem cell transplant from a compatible donor. Unfortunately, no match has been found on the country's stem cell registry.<br /> <br /> Stressing the importance of stem cell donations, Mokomele noted that leukaemia and lymphomas are prevalent among South African youth, underscoring the need for a diverse pool of donors. She urged healthy individuals aged 17 to 55 to register as donors, emphasizing the life-saving potential of their contributions.<br /> <br /> In observance of International Childhood Cancer Day, the South African government and major health organizations reiterated their commitment to supporting young cancer patients. Hedley Lewis, CEO of CHOC Childhood Cancer Foundation South Africa, emphasized the vital role of healthcare professionals and communities in providing comprehensive support to affected families.<br /> <br /> Mokomele emphasized the need for a more ethnically diverse pool of stem cell donors, particularly in light of the challenges faced by young patients like Preshthi. She highlighted the urgency of increasing donor diversity to enhance the chances of finding compatible matches for patients from various ethnic backgrounds.<br /> <br /> South Africans interested in contributing to this life-saving cause can register as stem cell donors for free on the DKMS Africa website. Mokomele encouraged individuals to take a few minutes to register and potentially make a profound difference in the lives of young cancer patients like Preshthi. For further information, individuals can contact DKMS Africa at 0800 12 10 82.

The legislative path leading South Africa towards a healthcare emergency

Poor legislative practices in healthcare and the failure to rectify them have led to medical schemes assuming almost limitless liability for prescribed minimum benefits (PMBs), while nearly 10 million individuals are denied access to affordable primary healthcare benefits. <br /> The absence of regulations on consultant tariffs and the Council for Medical Schemes' (CMS) reluctance to approve low-cost benefit schemes contribute to escalating medical inflation and soaring medical aid premiums, as per Rajesh Patel, the head of health systems strengthening at the Board of Healthcare Funders (BFH), and Charlton Murove, the head of research. <br /> They highlight that the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) could effectively phase out medical schemes. Despite the government's assertion that the NHI aims for equitable healthcare access, Patel and Murove express concern over the current complexities in South Africa's healthcare system and the inadequate regulatory oversight. <br /> In response to these challenges, a recent web-based innovation called MedicalAid.comm has been introduced, facilitating accurate medical aid comparisons and benefit listings while considering affordability. <br /> One major challenge identified is the lack of clarity surrounding PMBs, which medical schemes are mandated to cover fully. The pricing ambiguity and potential exploitation by healthcare practitioners further exacerbate the problem. Additionally, the regulatory framework surrounding PMBs is poorly defined, creating opportunities for abuse. <br /> Patel emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive review of PMBs and the introduction of low-cost benefit options (LCBOs) to alleviate the burden on the state and enhance healthcare accessibility. However, bureaucratic hurdles and political factors hinder progress in implementing these reforms. <br /> Furthermore, Patel and Murove accuse the CMS of obstructing the approval of LCBOs to advance the NHI agenda, thus leaving patients vulnerable. They assert that allowing LCBOs would not only benefit millions of individuals but also contribute to the sustainability of medical schemes. <br /> The failure to implement recommendations from the Health Market Inquiry and the reluctance to engage with stakeholders exacerbate the situation. Patel and Murove stress the importance of establishing a collaborative framework to address pricing concerns and facilitate structural reforms in the healthcare sector. <br /> In conclusion, addressing the regulatory deficiencies and promoting transparency in healthcare pricing are essential steps to ensure equitable access to healthcare services in South Africa.<br /> <br />

Creecy: Establishment of a climate change fund will contribute to safeguarding infrastructure

Barbara Creecy, the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment, stated that the climate change response fund recently announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa would play a crucial role in safeguarding infrastructure against climate-related damage. During a quarterly meeting of the Presidential Climate Commission on Friday, Creecy emphasized that the fund's purpose extends beyond mitigating losses from climate events like wildfires and flooding; it also aims to enhance resilience to such occurrences. <br /> President Ramaphosa had previously highlighted the collaborative nature of the fund, involving both the government and the private sector, to address the increasingly severe impacts of the climate crisis. He noted instances of extreme weather events across the country, including wildfires, floods, heatwaves, droughts, and storms. <br /> Creecy elaborated that the fund's utilization would encompass activities such as repairing bridges and roads damaged by extreme weather conditions. She mentioned that the fund would receive support from either the Development Bank of Southern Africa or the Industrial Development Corporation and would operate similarly to the Covid-19 fund. <br /> In response to concerns about potential misappropriation of funds, as witnessed with the Covid-19 fund, Creecy assured that the Presidential Climate Commission would implement robust oversight mechanisms to manage the finances effectively. She stressed the importance of transparency and accountability, emphasizing the need for independent administration, rigorous due diligence, and ensuring that funds are allocated for their intended purposes. <br /> The establishment of the fund follows reports from scientists indicating that 2023 marked the hottest year on record, with rising global temperatures and the El Ni�o weather pattern attributed to carbon dioxide emissions. Creecy commended South Africa's involvement in the Just Energy Transition Partnership, where several countries have pledged $8.5 billion to support the country's transition to cleaner energy sources. <br /> She highlighted that South Africa's efforts in setting up the fund presented an opportunity to develop a model for adaptation financing that could be valuable internationally.<br />

Chery provides much needed ground support for SA Red Cross Air Mercy Service

Accessing specialist medical treatment in rural parts of South Africa is often a challenge for residents, who are among the most vulnerable in the country. To address this issue, the SA Red Cross Air Mercy Service (AMS), in partnership with the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, plays a crucial role by deploying specialists and allied healthcare workers to remote regions. These professionals provide essential treatment at facilities close to patients' homes, ensuring that they receive the care they need.<br /> <br /> In addition to its fleet of 12 emergency aircraft, the AMS requires ground support to reach areas where air access is limited. Two Chery dealerships, Chery Pinetown and Chery Umhlanga, have stepped up to provide official support vehicles in KwaZulu-Natal. These vehicles, a Tiggo 7 Pro and Tiggo 8 Pro, will transport healthcare workers to outlying areas of the province. One vehicle will be stationed at King Shaka International Airport, north of Durban, and another at Greys Hospital in Pietermaritzburg.<br /> <br /> Equipped with impressive features such as a ground clearance of 207mm and powerful engines, the Chery Tiggo 8 Pro and Tiggo 7 Pro will enable healthcare professionals to reach remote areas effectively. These ground services will operate five days a week, from Mondays to Fridays.<br /> <br /> Farhaad Haffejee, CEO of AMS, expressed gratitude for the collaboration with Chery and emphasized the importance of partnerships in ensuring equitable access to healthcare. He highlighted the significant impact that these vehicles will have on rural communities, contributing directly to changing and saving lives.<br /> <br /> The rural health outreach service in KwaZulu-Natal faced challenges when it was terminated in 2020. However, it was relaunched in June 2023, underscoring the importance of such initiatives for rural communities. Despite funding challenges, AMS remains committed to seeking support from the private sector to continue its mission of improving healthcare access for all South Africans.

A group discreetly enhances the well-being of individuals in the Eastern Cape

Operating quietly under the radar of mainstream media, the Foundation for Professional Development (FPD), led by clinical researcher Remco Peters in the Eastern Cape, is steadily and significantly improving local healthcare systems.<br /> Adapting national policies to suit local conditions and ensuring relevance and local ownership, the FPD research unit prioritizes enhancing patient outcomes and bolstering the quality of healthcare delivery. This mission is accomplished through robust partnerships with the local department of health, non-governmental organizations, community-based groups, and other stakeholders. <br /> A community advisory board, representing relevant structures, ensures the projects' local relevance and cultural appropriateness. <br /> Remco Peters' FPD clinical research team, consisting of approximately 60 staff members including nurses, field and trial site workers, doctors, and lab technicians, operates from an administrative office in East London, with a clinical trial site at Ndevana near Qonce and sexually transmitted infections research infrastructure at five facilities in the Buffalo City region. <br /> The team primarily focuses on sexual health, exemplified by projects such as rapid diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy. The goal is to effectively implement these initiatives by screening women for STIs and providing same-day treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes. For instance, if a pregnant woman tests positive for syphilis, a major cause of stillbirth, the team ensures she receives timely access to the necessary drugs by addressing stock shortages and facilitating their delivery to her clinic. <br /> Additionally, the FPD's holistic approach extends to mental health programs, which have influenced the formulation of specific mental health objectives in the National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB, and STIs, 2023-28. <br /> Remco Peters, a Dutch-born researcher with over 15 years of experience in South Africa, actively participates in various national and international technical working groups, including those at the World Health Organization. <br /> Over the past four years, Peters has established the Ndevana clinical trial site to ensure the Eastern Cape population's inclusion in groundbreaking research and early access to potential new products. He has also spearheaded projects aimed at optimizing antiretroviral treatment adherence in key populations and addressing antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea. <br /> However, Peters voices concerns about foreign entities conducting research in impoverished rural communities without ethical considerations, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and involving local capacity building and benefit in research grants. <br /> The FPD's efforts, though modest, play a significant role in leveraging knowledge to strengthen healthcare delivery in the Eastern Cape. By bridging the gap between community development, service delivery, and systems strengthening, the FPD aims to make a lasting impact on the struggling healthcare sector in the region.<br />

World Congenital Heart Disease Week: How an anonymous R1m donation saved the lives of three children

During World Congenital Heart Disease Week, observed from February 7 to 14, The Children's Cardiac Foundation of Africa, in partnership with Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital and Heart Centre, is spearheading efforts to combat congenital heart diseases (CHD) among underprivileged children across the African continent.<br /> <br /> This week serves as an opportunity to highlight the critical importance of accessible, high-quality cardiac care and to celebrate the remarkable progress achieved by the foundation in this field. CHD stands as the most prevalent birth defect globally, affecting millions of individuals, including a significant number of children in Africa.<br /> <br /> The Children's Cardiac Foundation of Africa is dedicated to transforming the lives of those born with heart conditions by providing exceptional care and instilling hope in countless families. Through collaborations with healthcare institutions like Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital and Heart Centre and organizations such as the Angel Network Durban, the foundation plays a pivotal role in facilitating essential surgeries for children in need.<br /> <br /> A recent milestone in their mission includes the successful completion of cardiac surgeries for three children, made possible by a generous R1 million donation from an anonymous benefactor through the Angel Network Durban. These surgeries serve as a beacon of hope for numerous families awaiting similar life-saving procedures.<br /> <br /> Niresh Bechan, CEO of Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital and Heart Centre, lauds the invaluable contributions of The Children's Cardiac Foundation of Africa in addressing CHD among Africa's underprivileged youth. He emphasizes that World Congenital Heart Disease Week is not merely about raising awareness but also about mobilizing support for the future well-being of these children.<br /> <br /> "At The Children's Cardiac Foundation of Africa, our mission extends beyond surgical interventions. We aspire to create a continent where every child born with a congenital heart defect has the opportunity for a healthy life," says Bechan.<br /> <br /> CHD poses significant challenges for families across Africa, making the foundation's work indispensable. In addition to providing surgeries, the foundation focuses on raising awareness about CHD, advocating for early detection, supporting research, and training medical professionals to ensure sustainable healthcare solutions in Africa.<br /> <br /> Through strategic partnerships and the generosity of donors, the foundation continues to offer hope and health to countless children and families, emphasizing the importance of global solidarity and support.<br /> <br /> "The journey of a child with congenital heart disease requires resilience and courage. It is our collective responsibility to ensure these children have access to the care they deserve. The progress we've achieved underscores the power of unity in advancing a common cause," notes Bechan.<br /> <br /> The Children's Cardiac Foundation of Africa remains committed to changing lives through comprehensive cardiac care, encompassing surgeries, ongoing medical support, awareness campaigns, early detection initiatives, and capacity-building efforts in the medical community.

Dr Shaheem De Vries announced as new CEO of Groote Schuur Hospital

The Western Cape Department of Health and Wellness announced the appointment of Dr. Shaheem De Vries as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Groote Schuur Hospital on Friday, following the retirement of Dr. Bhavna Patel after 23 years of service.<br /> <br /> Dr. De Vries officially assumed his role on Thursday, February 1st, with a strong commitment to upholding the hospital's tradition of delivering high-quality patient care. He will lead a dedicated team of nearly 3,600 staff members, guiding them on a path of innovation, collaboration, compassion, and excellence, the department stated.<br /> <br /> With a medical degree, a diploma in Primary Emergency Care, a Master's Degree in Emergency Medicine, and an MBA from the UCT Graduate School of Business, Dr. De Vries brings a wealth of expertise to his new position. His impressive track record includes serving as the Director of Emergency Medical Services from 2013 to 2022 and as the Clinical Medical Manager for Emergency Medical Services from 2022 to 2023.<br /> <br /> Dr. De Vries has a keen interest in African emergency care systems and has been actively involved with the African Federation for Emergency Medicine (AFEM) since its inception, serving as its CEO from 2017 to 2019. He has also provided consultancy services for various African EMS systems and has been recognized as a pre-hospital expert in Emergency Care Systems by the World Health Organization.<br /> <br /> Western Cape MEC for Health and Wellness, Professor Nomafrench Mbombo, extended her best wishes to Dr. De Vries, expressing confidence in his ability to lead Groote Schuur Hospital effectively. She highlighted his past dedication and experience within the Department of Health and Wellness as a solid foundation for serving the people of the Western Cape.<br /> <br /> Dr. Keith Cloete, Head of the Department of Health and Wellness, echoed these sentiments, emphasizing Dr. De Vries's invaluable contribution to the hospital's senior leadership team and its ongoing legacy of excellence in healthcare provision.<br /> <br /> In response to his appointment, Dr. De Vries expressed his gratitude and honor, recognizing Groote Schuur Hospital as a symbol of the province's commitment to healthcare. He acknowledged Dr. Patel's remarkable legacy and expressed excitement about the opportunity to work alongside a talented team, continuing the hospital's tradition of quality care, research, and innovation.

Scientists at NHLS achieve breakthrough in HIV research

Two talented young scientists from the National Health Laboratory Service's (NHLS) National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) have made significant strides towards a potential HIV vaccine. <br /> Professor Lynn Morris, who heads the NICD's AIDS Research, and Dr. Penny Moore, a senior scientist in the NICD's Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, played a crucial role in uncovering a vulnerability in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that allows certain individuals to produce potent antibodies capable of neutralizing up to 88% of virus strains worldwide. <br /> The groundbreaking study, conducted by the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) consortium, involving researchers from the NICD, University of the Witwatersrand, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Cape Town, University of North Carolina, and Harvard University, was published in Nature Medicine. <br /> These scientists have been investigating how some HIV-infected individuals generate robust antibody responses, known as broadly neutralizing antibodies, capable of targeting a wide range of HIV variants. Through their research, they identified two rare cases of women from KwaZulu-Natal, one of whom participated in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel study, who produced these unique antibodies. <br /> Following further investigation into these women, the team, led by Dr. Moore and Professor Morris of NHLS-NICD, discovered that a specific sugar molecule (glycan) at position 332 on the virus's surface protein coat creates a vulnerability site, triggering the body's production of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Analysis of extensive datasets suggests that this phenomenon observed in South African women may also occur in other HIV-infected individuals. <br /> Dr. Moore, a Wellcome Trust Fellow at the NICD, explained, "Understanding this intricate interplay between HIV and the body's immune response has provided valuable insights into the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies." <br /> Professor Morris elaborated, "We were surprised to find that the virus responsible for infection often lacked this antibody target on its surface. However, over time, immune pressure led the virus to expose this vulnerability, allowing the development of antibodies targeting this weak spot." <br /> Broadly neutralizing antibodies are crucial for the development of an effective AIDS vaccine, as emphasized by Professor Salim Abdool Karim, Director of CAPRISA and President of the Medical Research Council. <br /> While the existence of broadly neutralizing antibodies has been known for some time, highly potent versions were only isolated three years ago. This study sheds light on one mechanism by which these antibodies may be produced. By studying the target of these antibodies, a sugar coating on HIV's surface protein, the research team demonstrated how the virus gradually exposed this vulnerability over time under immune pressure, ultimately enabling the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. <br /> The CAPRISA consortium, comprising leading AIDS researchers in South Africa and international partners, has dedicated two years to this intensive study. Funding for this research was provided by NHLS, the South African government's Department of Science and Technology, the US National Institutes for Health, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Fellowships from the Fogarty International Center and the Wellcome Trust were instrumental in supporting this research.<br />

What does Elon Musk's Neuralink brain chip, currently undergoing human trials, entail?

One year after receiving clearance for testing, billionaire Elon Musk's Neuralink has successfully implanted its wireless brain chip into a human for the first time. <br /> According to Musk, the patient underwent the implant procedure last Sunday and is currently in the recovery phase. The purpose of the device spans various applications, ranging from restoring motor functions in individuals to facilitating brain-computer interfaces. While Musk's statements have not been independently verified, Neuralink has not provided extensive details. <br /> Musk has positioned Neuralink as the forefront of technological and medical advancement, although concerns regarding ethics have surfaced regarding the chip and its testing procedures. <br /> Here is an overview of Neuralink and its human trials. <br /> <br /> What exactly is Neuralink, and what are its functions? <br /> Neuralink, established by Musk in 2016, is a startup focused on brain-chip technology.<br /> The device, about the size of a coin, is implanted surgically into the skull, with thin wires extending into the brain to establish a brain-computer interface (BCI). <br /> This disk is designed to capture brain activity and transmit it to a device like a smartphone via Bluetooth connectivity. <br /> The first product, named Telepathy, aims to empower individuals to control their phones or computers simply by thought, according to Musk. Additionally, by implanting the chip in the region of the brain responsible for motor function, Neuralink aims to assist individuals in overcoming neurological disorders. <br /> Musk indicated that the initial users would be those who have lost the use of their limbs. <br /> <br /> What does the human trial phase of Neuralink entail? <br /> The human trial phase aims to gather data regarding safety and efficacy, with the goal of enhancing the device's performance. <br /> During an interview on X, Musk mentioned that the "preliminary findings indicate promising detection of neuron spikes." This implies that neurons are transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body, facilitating various essential functions such as eating and speaking. <br /> Initially, when Neuralink began seeking participants for its trials in September, it targeted individuals with spinal cord diseases, which are integral to the nervous system.<br /> In May 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration sanctioned human trials despite ongoing federal investigations into the safety of Neuralink's animal trials. <br /> <br /> <br /> What experiments has Neuralink conducted previously? <br /> Neuralink has trialed its chip on monkeys and pigs. The company demonstrated monkeys engaging in basic video games or controlling a cursor on a screen using their Neuralink implants. <br /> While Neuralink asserts that no monkeys perished due to their implants, there have been accounts of complications with the implants on monkeys, such as paralysis, seizures, and brain swelling. <br /> <br /> Are there any other companies engaged in similar endeavors? <br /> According to an online repository of active clinical trials in the US, approximately 40 trials focusing on brain-computer interfaces are currently ongoing. <br /> In July 2022, Synchron, a company based in Australia, successfully implanted its device in a patient in the United States. Notably, Synchron's implantation procedure does not necessitate any incisions into the skull for installation. <br /> While some trials concentrate solely on medical applications, Musk's company seeks to surpass those boundaries by aiming to empower individuals to control their smartphones and devices through brain-computer interfaces. <br /> <br /> What ethical considerations surround Neuralink? <br /> Experts have voiced reservations regarding the experimentation of Neuralink's brain chip on animals, as well as potential risks linked to brain surgery, including brain hemorrhage or seizures. <br /> They also highlight concerns over privacy and surveillance stemming from Musk's vision of implants. Limited information has been provided regarding users' ability to maintain control over their personal data and neural activity. <br /> Earlier this year, the US Department of Transportation penalized Neuralink for neglecting to register itself as a transporter of hazardous material � specifically, implants extracted from the brains of primates � as per records reviewed by Reuters from the federal agency.<br />

Kelly Clarkson faced the necessity of shedding weight upon receiving a pre-diabetic diagnosis

Kelly Clarkson opted to shed weight after receiving a pre-diabetic diagnosis. The 41-year-old singer clarified rumors about weight-loss injections like Ozempic, asserting that her doctor's health warning prompted her to take action.<br /> Explaining on her talk show, she revealed, "I was told I was pre-diabetic. That was literally what happened. I wasn't shocked. I was a tiny bit overweight, so I wasn't shocked." <br /> Clarkson adopted Dr. Steven R. Gundry's renowned 'Plant Paradox Diet', sharing with People magazine, "I eat a healthy mix. I dropped weight because I've been listening to my doctor." <br /> Regarding her lifestyle changes, she added, "And 90% of the time, I'm really good at it because a protein diet is good for me anyway. I'm a Texas girl, so I like meat � sorry, vegetarians in the world!" <br /> After her split from ex-husband Brandon Blackstock in June 2020, Clarkson relocated to New York and embraced activities like walking in the city and using infrared saunas. <br /> Regarding her love life, she expressed on Instagram Live, "Do I have a boyfriend? No! And not looking. You know why? I love being single. I have two kids, two dogs, three rabbits, a hamster, multiple jobs - there's a lot going on."<br />

New cancer cases to soar 77% by 2050: WHO

The World Health Organization's cancer agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), has issued a warning that the number of new cancer cases is projected to surpass 35 million in 2050. This estimate reflects a significant 77% increase compared to the approximately 20 million cases diagnosed in 2022. The IARC attributes this rise to factors such as tobacco, alcohol, obesity, and air pollution.<br /> <br /> The global cancer burden is rapidly growing due to a combination of population aging, population growth, and changes in exposure to risk factors associated with socioeconomic development. Key drivers include tobacco, alcohol, and obesity, while air pollution continues to be a significant environmental risk factor.<br /> <br /> The most developed countries are anticipated to experience the largest increases in the number of cancer cases, with an additional 4.8 million new cases predicted in 2050 compared to 2022. However, when considering percentages, countries with lower rankings on the Human Development Index (HDI) are expected to undergo the most substantial proportional increase, reaching 142%. Countries in the medium HDI range are forecasted to see a 99% increase.<br /> <br /> Freddie Bray, the head of the cancer surveillance branch at IARC, emphasized that the impact of this surge in cancer cases will not be uniform across countries with different HDI levels. Countries with limited resources to manage the increased cancer burden are expected to bear the greatest challenges.

Classic Road Race by Intercare

Castle Gate Lifestyle Centre, in collaboration with Intercare and Magnolia Road Runners, is set to organize the yearly road race. The event comprises a 5km family charity fun run, along with AGN registered 10km and 21.1km single-lap races. With an approximate participation of 5,000 individuals, including elite athletes like Gerda Steyn, the event promises an exciting and competitive atmosphere. A charitable initiative is integrated into the event, with R10 from each 5km race entry designated for donation to a charitable cause.<br /> <br /> <br /> Located in Pretoria East, Castle Gate Lifestyle Centre sits adjacent to the N1 highway and enjoys easy accessibility from Solomon Mahlangu Drive and surrounding main roads. The venue offers ample parking and features on-site availability of fast food and refreshments. Medical support will be stationed along the routes and at the venue. <br /> Participants interested in joining can register online now. Online pre-entries will be accepted until January 25, 2024. Late entries for all distances will be accommodated at the venue on Friday, February 2 (12pm - 6pm), and on race day starting from 4am. <br /> For additional details, please refer to the event website. <br /> Intercare Classic Road Race Location: Castle Gate Lifestyle Centre, 478 Koedoesnek Ave, Waterkloof Ridge, Pretoria, Gauteng<br /> <br /> <br />

Prominent figure at Bara ICU, Professor Rudo Mathivha, concludes distinguished career with retirement

Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, much like many public hospitals in South Africa, exudes an unmistakably old-fashioned charm. For me, it's the passageways between structures, covered with weathered zinc that emanates heat. Even the trees lining the parking lots appear weathered, their roots intertwined with the pavements. <br /> However, Baragwanath stands apart from other hospitals in the country. <br /> "Unique in its size [well over 3,000 beds] � unique in the variety and quantity of medical conditions seen � unique in its blend of so-called First and Third-World medicine � unique in its witnessing of the transition of a population from a rural to an urban existence," noted Ken Huddle and Asher Dubb in their 1994 book, Baragwanath Hospital, 50 Years: A Medical Miscellany. <br /> This characterization generally holds true. Passing beneath a massive deodorant advertisement on the fa�ade of the main building, I pondered which aspects of life in this colossal institution Professor Rudo Mathivha, who had overseen the intensive care unit (ICU) for 25 years, would choose to emphasize in our interview. While I was informed to expect someone outspoken, our six months of intermittent WhatsApp messages gave no hint of specific character traits or concerns. <br /> Now at Bara, entering the Friends at Bara building�a block of offices facing Chris Hani Road, next to the main hospital building�I discover that Mathivha is also present. She opens the door to the office I knocked at and greets me from a height of 5'2".<br /> "Come in, come in," she says. A woman behind a nearby desk smiles and waves. "That's Dr Jacqui Brown, deputy director of the ICU unit," Mathivha introduces. "We've worked together since, oh, forever." <br /> The walls are adorned in a nursery blue hue, except for a section papered with a tropical island scene behind a circle of armchairs. <br /> "We chose it to brighten up the place," Mathivha remarks. "When work becomes overwhelming, I sit here with a cup of coffee and envision myself on a beach in Jamaica, sipping a cocktail."<br /> A challenging year unfolded as I inquired about the events of the past year. The response was accompanied by a profound sigh, indicating the gravity of the question. Sabotage of the oxygen supply marked the beginning, involving unauthorized access to the control room and deliberate cutting of the pipe to the ICU just before Christmas in 2022. Professor Rudo Mathivha, who led the intensive care unit (ICU) for 25 years, vividly described the nerve-wracking experience and the stress it induced, heightened by the realization that it was an intentional act. <br /> Amid this, death threats emerged on her phone in May 2023, leaving Mathivha puzzled about the motives behind them. Possible reasons included her involvement in a case against the state concerning load-shedding, participation in a tribunal reviewing a health ombudsman's report, and outspokenness about the lack of food in health facilities. <br /> Despite these challenges, Mathivha remains resilient, offering her expertise and guidance. After a brief hiatus due to health concerns and a COVID-19 diagnosis, she plans to return to Baragwanath on a sessional basis, focusing on teaching and providing support. Reflecting on her career, she acknowledges her tendency to speak out against injustices and emphasizes the importance of addressing fundamental issues, such as patients' access to proper nutrition. <br /> Her journey traces back to her childhood in Sibasa, where her fighting spirit emerged from being born prematurely and underweight. Raised in a close-knit Lemba community with dietary restrictions, Mathivha developed a desire to help those in need. This determination led her to pursue a career in medicine, overcoming challenges and biases along the way. <br /> As Mathivha's story unfolds, it becomes evident that her passion for healthcare and advocacy has been a consistent thread throughout her life. Despite facing adversity and systemic issues, she remains committed to contributing to critical care medicine and making a positive impact in her community. <br /> <br />

World Economic Forum initiates global effort for AI healthcare transformation

A new World Economic Forum initiative unveiled this week will unlock the transformative potential of digital tools and new technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), in healthcare and the critical importance of concerted public-private collaboration in driving their global adoption.<br /> The Digital Healthcare Transformation Initiative, launched in collaboration with Boston Consulting Group (BCG), will harness the untapped power of digital solutions to help address the host of pressing, interconnected challenges straining the global healthcare system. <br /> The joint effort will foster international collaboration around promising new digital tools, such as AI, to reshape patient care and improve system inefficiencies worldwide. <br /> "Digital transformation has the potential to overcome the serious challenges patients and populations are facing worldwide," said Shyam Bishen, head of the Centre for Health and Healthcare, and member of the executive committee at World Economic Forum. <br /> system leads, and the private sector to intensify their efforts and establish the right conditions that not only allow digital, data and AI solutions, but also enable them to thrive and transform global healthcare in an ethical and secure way." <br /> The report's strategic framework outlines five overarching digital enablers that could expedite the sustainable transformation of healthcare systems and help ensure maximum impact for patients worldwide: <br /> �Data: Unlock the value of data that enables digital applications to create impact. <br /> �Tech and analytics: Build strong tech and analytics foundation that can extract value from data. <br /> �Funding and incentives: Align incentives among stakeholders and ensure funding so digital solutions can be scaled up for maximum impact. <br /> �Hybrid healthcare delivery: Strengthen digital capabilities and user design to facilitate implementation.<br /> � Regulations and policies: Develop fit-for-purpose digital regulations and policies. <br /> Source: Bizcommunity

Man hospitalised for two weeks following complications caused by smoking hubbly

A distressing incident has unfolded in Mahikeng, North West, where Bakang Rankokwa, 30, found himself in the ICU for two weeks, fighting for his life after suffering a stroke linked to smoking hookah.<br /> SABC News reported that an X-ray revealed a hole in one of Rankokwa's lungs, filled with water and blood, underscoring the severe impact of the incident on his health. The nurses conveyed that Rankokwa was fortunate to have survived this critical situation. <br /> This cautionary tale has quickly spread through social media platforms like WhatsApp, prompting concerned parents to use the news clip as a warning to their children about the risks associated with smoking hookah. <br /> Rankokwa's alarming health condition has ignited a vigorous online discussion on the hazards of smoking vapes and hookah, particularly among younger users. The news clip has gone viral, instigating a necessary debate on this crucial health topic. <br /> Despite its social allure, smoking hookah has been associated with many of the same dangers as cigarette smoking. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that hookah smokers may be exposed to more toxins than conventional cigarette smokers due to longer sessions and increased inhalations. <br /> When individuals smoke hookah, they inhale not only flavored tobacco but also carbon monoxide, metals, and other carcinogens known to elevate the risk of cancer. The Mayo Clinic suggests that long-term hookah smoking may contribute to lung cancer, respiratory illnesses, low birth weight, and periodontal disease. <br /> In 2013, a study titled "Hubbly Bubbly: Masquerading the Dangers," conducted by a research team from the University of Cape Town, emphasized the risks associated with hookah smoking, including an increased exposure to smoke, a risk factor for various health issues such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. <br /> While hookah pipes are often perceived as safer than cigarettes, the study warns that they may be even more harmful. The study also highlighted peer influence as a significant factor in initiating hookah use. <br /> The South African Tobacco Control policy restricts smoking in public places, but hookah pipes have evaded these regulations. UCT's strict tobacco-usage policies may have deterred hookah use on its campus. <br /> The modern world of e-cigarettes or vapes has sparked controversy, with marketing claims of being a safer alternative to cigarettes. However, the American Lung Association states that e-cigarettes are not safe and can harm the lungs. Nicotine and other substances in e-liquids can be addictive and negatively impact brain development, particularly in adolescents. <br /> Recent incidents, like the outbreak of EVALI in 2019, have brought the potential dangers of vaping to the forefront. The CDC linked vitamin E acetate, used as a thickening agent in vaping products, to the EVALI outbreak. <br /> Both hookah and vaping have a cumulative effect over time, leading to chronic health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and respiratory conditions as potential outcomes of these smoking habits. <br /> Rankokwa's case serves as a stark reminder of the severe health risks associated with smoking hookah, dispelling illusions of its safety over traditional tobacco products. It underscores the urgent need for awareness about the potential health hazards posed by hookah and the importance of discouraging its use, especially among the youth.<br /> <br /> <br /> Source: IOL

FDA investigates concerns over weight loss medications

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is currently examining potential health concerns associated with a group of medications used for weight loss.<br /> <br /> These include the likes of Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound. The FDA's quarterly report revealed that the agency is investigating reports of alopecia (hair loss), aspiration during surgery, and suicidal ideation among individuals using these medications.<br /> <br /> Ozempic, containing Semaglutide, was originally prescribed for controlling the effects of type 2 diabetes, but its ability to promote a feeling of fullness led to off-label use for rapid weight loss.<br /> <br /> The FDA later approved Semaglutide and Tirzepatide, marketed as Wegovy and Mounjaro, as weight loss treatments in 2021.<br /> <br /> Clinical trials demonstrated their effectiveness but highlighted potential side effects, such as reported hair loss affecting 3 to 6% of patients.<br /> <br /> In response to these findings, a spokesperson from the FDA emphasised the agency's commitment to ongoing drug safety monitoring.<br /> <br /> They stated, the FDA monitors the safety of drugs throughout their life cycle, including after approval," underscoring the importance of post-market surveillance in evaluating adverse events that may not have been evident during the drug development process, according to a news report by CBS NEWS.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic and Wegovy, acknowledged the FDA's ongoing assessments and affirmed their cooperation in the monitoring efforts.<br /> <br /> <br /> With this scrutiny by the FDA, the outcome of the investigation will determine if any actions, such as label updates or additional research, are warranted.<br /> <br /> Another news report published by CNN states, that the FDA is "evaluating the need for regulatory action" after its FDA Adverse Event Reporting System or FAERS received reports of alopecia, or hair loss; aspiration, or accidentally breathing in things like food or liquid; and suicidal ideation in people using these medications.<br /> <br /> Adding that �The appearance of a drug on this list does not mean that FDA has concluded that the drug has the listed risk, the FAERS website notes.<br /> <br /> This means that the FDA has identified a potential safety issue, but it does not mean that they have identified a causal relationship between the drug and the listed risk.<br /> <br /> Known side effects of Ozempic<br /> <br /> Ozempic is associated with many potential side effects, and patients should exercise caution before taking this medication for type 2 diabetes or weight loss.<br /> <br /> Potential side effects include:<br /> <br /> - Gastrointestinal trouble, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain.<br /> <br /> - Hyperglycemia (low blood sugar), which can lead to blurred vision, sweating, anxiety, dizziness, shakiness, headaches, slurring speech, hunger, or weakness<br /> <br /> - Elevated heart rate<br /> - Kidney failure<br /> <br /> - Medullary thyroid cancer (also known as medullary thyroid carcinoma)<br /> <br /> - Severe allergic reactions<br /> <br /> If you experience any severe side effects, inform your healthcare provider immediately.<br /> <br /> Is hair loss a side effect of Ozempic?<br /> <br /> Recent reports have raised concerns about potential hair loss in some individuals taking Ozempic for type 2 diabetes, despite hair loss not being listed as a known side effect of the medication.<br /> <br /> While researchers note that hair loss occurring during Ozempic treatment may be linked to the underlying condition of type 2 diabetes, they emphasize that the medication itself may not be the primary cause of this issue.<br /> <br /> Type 2 diabetes has been identified as a potential risk factor for alopecia, a condition characterised by hair thinning and loss.<br /> <br /> Specifically, type 2 diabetes may contribute to alopecia areata, an autoimmune-related form of hair loss. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to their damage and subsequent inability to produce new hair.<br /> <br /> Experts point out that while Ozempic is effective in managing the symptoms of type 2 diabetes by regulating insulin production, the underlying health issues associated with diabetes, such as hair loss, may persist.<br /> <br /> As the medical community continues to explore these connections, patients need to engage in open discussions with their healthcare providers about any potential side effects or concerns related to their treatment.

KwaZulu-Natal has the highest HIV prevalence in the country

Durban � A survey by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) revealed that KwaZulu-Natal has the highest HIV prevalence in the country among adults aged 15 years and older.<br /> <br /> The sixth South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, and Behaviour (SABSSM VI) survey was released by HSRC in Durban on Wednesday.<br /> <br /> The Department of Science and Innovation believes the results will assist the country in strengthening the interventions in response to the epidemic.<br /> <br /> SABSSM VI was conducted in all nine provinces among participants of all ages from January 2022 to April 2023.<br /> <br /> Professor Khangelani Zuma, executive of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) hosted the conference alongside Dr John Blandford, country director of PEPFAR (The US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) and Dr Musa Mabaso, the project director.<br /> <br /> The data highlighted that KZN still has the highest HIV prevalence in the country among adults age 15 years and older. Other high HIV prevalence provinces also include Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape and Free State.<br /> <br /> While unpacking the KZN results, Zuma explained how the questionnaires were administered, showing that among the genders, females were more inclined to participate than males.<br /> <br /> The overall national estimate for HIV prevalence for all ages (0+ years) was 12.7% (95%), translating to an estimated 7.8 million (95%) people living with HIV in South Africa in 2022.<br /> <br /> The national HIV prevalence was 16.3% among adults aged 15 years and older, translating to an estimated 7.4 million adults aged 15+ years living with HIV.<br /> <br /> Among adults aged 15+ years, HIV prevalence was nearly twice as high among females (20.3%) as compared to males (11.5%).<br /> <br /> By race, HIV prevalence was highest among Black Africans (19.8%), followed by Coloured (5.1%), White (1.3%), and Indian/Asian (1.2%).<br /> <br /> Viral load suppression (VLS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 15+ years was 81.2% overall, 82.9% among females and 77.6% among males. VLS was lower among younger populations age 15-24 years at 70.1%.<br /> <br /> Among females, HIV prevalence was highest in ages 35-39 years at 34.2%, whereas among males, HIV prevalence was highest in ages 45-49 years at 27.1%.<br /> <br /> Pronounced differences in HIV prevalence by sex were seen among younger populations.<br /> <br /> Compared to males, HIV prevalence was approximately 2-fold higher in females aged 15-19 (5.7% vs. 3.1%), and 20-24 years (8.0% vs. 4.0%), and 3-fold higher in females aged 25-29 years (19.5% vs 6.3%).<br /> <br /> The data concluded that:<br /> <br /> HIV prevalence has decreased since the SABSSM V survey conducted in 2017; in 2022 HIV prevalence was 1.3% lower among those 0+ years, and 2.4% lower among adults aged 15+ years than in 2017.<br /> The HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately affect different geographical regions and demographic groups, especially Black Africans, women, and youth.<br /> Findings estimate that in 2022, 90% of adults knew their status, 91% of those diagnosed were on ART, and 94% of those on ART were virally suppressed. Strategies to improve both HIV diagnosis and ART use are urgently needed to achieve the 2025 national goals.

Next Life Sciences plans a male contraceptive set to redefine family planning dynamics

In a recent interview with MD+DI, LR Fox, founder and CEO of Next Life Sciences, unravelled Plan A, a male contraception strategy designed to offer couples a groundbreaking alternative in family planning. Fox explained that his personal experiences growing up in the foster care system ignited a passion for solving societal issues.<br /> <br /> The devastating consequences of restricted family planning choices propelled him to establish Next Life Sciences and introduce Plan A as a solution. Plan A distinguishes itself as a medical device rather than a pharmaceutical, leveraging Vasalgel, a hydrogel that occludes the vas deferens, allowing for a reversible male contraceptive. The vas deferens is a long muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.<br /> <br /> Fox emphasised that Plan A aims to give men an active role in family planning, offering a non-hormonal, long-lasting option beyond traditional choices like condoms or vasectomy. Vasalgel, the proprietary hydrogel, stems from over 40 years of contraceptive research, with Next holding exclusive patent rights.<br /> <br /> The insertion procedure involves a quick outpatient process where Vasalgel is injected into the vas deferens, creating a flexible filter to prevent sperm flow for up to 10 years. Fox assured that the procedure, aided by local anaesthesia, is intended to be less painful than a traditional vasectomy.<br /> <br /> Fox highlighted the evolving interest of US men in actively participating in preventing pregnancy. While traditional options include condoms or vasectomy, Plan A positions itself as a long-lasting, fully reversible alternative suitable for men at any stage of their parenting journey.<br /> <br /> As Next prepares for US clinical trials by the end of 2023, Fox emphasises engagement with the FDA throughout the development process.<br /> <br /> The specific review pathway is yet to be determined, aligning with FDA requirements and clinical data. Looking ahead, Fox envisions a future where men have access to diverse and effective birth control solutions, fostering equality in family planning responsibilities.<br /> <br /> With Plan A as a potential pioneer in non-hormonal, reversible contraception, Fox aspires for it to become the first choice for couples embarking on their family planning journey.<br /> <br />

Nearly 50,000 residents in Cape Town assisted with HIV self-test kits, says City of Cape Town

Leading up to World Aids Day on Friday, December 1, the City of Cape Town said it has assisted nearly 50,000 residents with HIV self-tests in 18 months.<br /> <br /> The theme for this year is "Let communities lead," and the city believes this theme is fitting considering the gains made in the past two years with the introduction of self-testing and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis.<br /> <br /> Mayoral committee member for community services and health, Councillor Patricia van der Ross, said it will shine the spotlight on prevention and awareness.<br /> <br /> "City health has been at the forefront of implementing new HIV and TB policies and guidelines rolled out by the National Department of Health. The City HIV programme has expanded to include prevention strategies like Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).<br /> <br /> "The programme is also using new strategies to find untested people through HIV self-screening (HIV SS) and Index Case Testing (ICT)," van der Ross said.<br /> <br /> She said the overall goal is to improve HIV testing among people who undertest, such as men, adolescent girls, and young women.<br /> <br /> It seeks to improve couple testing among pregnant women and lactating mothers and provides an option for regular repeat HIV testing in high-risk populations.<br /> <br /> Between April 2022 and October 2023, 47,773 clients have had assisted HIV SS at city facilities, of which 825 tests were positive.<br /> <br /> The City of Cape Town said it would be rolling out secondary distribution of HIV SS test kits next year.<br /> <br /> "These programmes are important in reducing stigma and discrimination. They are also critical in the expansion of access to treatments, gives people at-risk choices, and encourage them to check their HIV status while helping those who are negative continue with the prevention," van der Ross said.<br /> <br /> She said since implementing PrEP at city health facilities two years ago, more than 12,000 people have started treatment at the 67 facilities offering this service.<br /> <br /> As PrEP is not a life-long treatment, clients can safely discontinue PrEP when their HIV risk is no longer high or if it is their preference.<br /> <br /> Post-Exposure Prophylaxis is also available at city facilities to any clients who attend within 72 hours of potential HIV exposure.

WHO sounds alarm over global rise in malaria cases exceeding pre-pandemic level

The incidence of malaria has increased since before the pandemic, with 167 million cases and 426,000 deaths recorded in the 11 most affected countries alone in 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Thursday.<br /> <br /> "In 2022, there were estimated 249 million malaria cases globally, exceeding the pre-pandemic level of 233 million in 2019 by 16 million cases," the WHO said in its annual malaria report, adding that "in the 11 countries that carry the highest burden of malaria, rates of new infections and deaths have levelled off following an initial upsurge during the first year of the pandemic.<br /> <br /> "These countries � saw an estimated 167 million malaria cases and 426,000 deaths in 2022."<br /> <br /> The countries most affected by malaria are Burkina Faso, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Uganda and Tanzania, according to the report.<br /> <br /> The progress towards eliminating malaria by 2025 is "off track by a wide margin" due to a number of threats, such as drug and insecticide resistance, humanitarian crises, resource constraints and climate change impacts, according to the report.<br /> <br /> "The changing climate poses a substantial risk to progress against malaria, particularly in vulnerable regions.<br /> <br /> "Sustainable and resilient malaria responses are needed now more than ever, coupled with urgent actions to slow the pace of global warming and reduce its effects," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was quoted as saying.<br /> <br /> Malaria is caused by a mosquito-borne parasite and does not spread from person to person.<br /> <br /> Initial symptoms include fever, headache and chills. The disease spreads mainly in Africa.

Don't press 'pandemic panic button' - scientists urge caution on China pneumonia report

Leading scientists urged caution over fears of another pandemic on Thursday after the World Health Organization requested more information from China on a rise of respiratory illnesses and pneumonia clusters among children.<br /> <br /> "We have to be careful," said Marion Koopmans, a Dutch virologist who advised the WHO on Covid-19. "We really need more information, particularly diagnostic information."<br /> <br /> Concerns were first sparked internationally by an alert published on Tuesday by the monitoring service ProMED, part of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. It called for more information about "undiagnosed pneumonia - China (Beijing, Liaoning)".<br /> <br /> The standard wording of the alert echoed the first-ever notice about what would become Covid-19, sent on Dec. 30 2019: "Undiagnosed pneumonia - China (Hubei)."<br /> <br /> Scientists said the similarity of the two alerts had stirred as yet unfounded worries the surge may be caused by another emerging pathogen that could spark a pandemic.<br /> <br /> They said based on the information so far, it was more likely to be a rise in other common respiratory infections like flu, as was seen in many parts of the world after Covid lockdowns were lifted. It could also signal a resurgence of Covid itself.<br /> <br /> The WHO always requests information from countries when undiagnosed or unknown diseases are reported, which happens fairly regularly.<br /> <br /> However, it does not always put out a press release about doing so, as it did on Wednesday.<br /> <br /> Brian McCloskey, a public health expert who also advised WHO on the pandemic, said: "What we are seeing is WHO's International Health Regulations system in action", referring to the rules governing how countries work with WHO on potential outbreaks.<br /> <br /> "I am not going to push the pandemic panic button on the basis of what we know so far, but I will be very keen to see the response to WHO from China and see the WHO's assessment following that," he said.<br /> <br /> Both the WHO and China have faced questions over transparency during the early days of Covid.<br /> <br /> WHO has also since criticised China for withholding data about infections and deaths when it lifted its "zero-Covid" measures, as well as about the origins of the pandemic.<br /> <br /> China has 24 hours to respond to the WHO under the regulations.<br /> <br /> But some said it was unclear if the illnesses reported were actually undiagnosed.<br /> <br /> The story which sparked the ProMED alert came from FTV News in Taiwan on Tuesday. In China itself, there has been a lot of recent coverage of a rise in respiratory illnesses, including among children.<br /> <br /> The authorities there have attributed it to the lifting of Covid-19 restrictions and the circulation of viruses like influenza as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common bacterial infection that typically affects younger children.<br /> <br /> "There is a plausible hypothesis that this could be what we have seen in other parts of the world when restrictions were lifted," said Koopmans, reflecting the views of all of the scientists Reuters contacted.<br /> <br /> Virologist Tom Peacock from Imperial College London, who has closely tracked the emergence of new coronavirus variants, said there were good tools available to "pretty rapidly" pick up emerging influenza or coronaviruses, so it seemed unlikely that this had happened under the radar.<br /> <br /> "(I) suspect it may end up being something more mundane or a combination of things - say Covid, flu, RSV - but hopefully we'll know more soon," he said.

Tygerberg Hospital unveils new radiation therapy machine for cancer patients

Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town has unveiled its new Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator (LINAC) machine this week.<br /> <br /> The machine is one of three in use in the Western Cape, one is used within the private health sector and the other is being used at Groote Schuur Hospital.<br /> <br /> The LINAC machine produces high-energy particles or waves in the form of beams that destroy or damage cancer cells. These beams are focused on the specific part of the patient's body where the cancerous cells are located.<br /> <br /> This shrinks the tumour or prevents the tumour from growing back after it has been removed with an operation. A single session on the machine takes about 15 to 30 minutes and most patients can complete their treatment course on an outpatient basis.<br /> <br /> To date, five therapeutic radiographers and radiation therapists (RTTs) received training and subsequently rotated another five RTTs through the machine to provide them with in-house training.<br /> <br /> Tygerberg Hospital's division of radiation oncology sees nearly 2,250 new cancer patients a year of which nearly 1,800 require radiotherapy as part of their treatment.<br /> <br /> "The installation of the new VARIAN TrueBeam linear accelerator expands our arsenal of advanced radiotherapy treatment capabilities including intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and Stereotactic Radiotherapy," newly appointed head of the division of radiation oncology at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Dr Henriette Burger said.<br /> <br /> "Patients receiving radiotherapy after the removal of breast cancers will specifically benefit from new the breathing-regulated technologies," she said.<br /> <br /> "All these advances enable us to reduce treatment, side-effects and improve the accuracy of radiotherapy. Being an academic institution, the hospital trains the next generation of radiation oncologists, radiation therapists, and medical physicists for South Africa and the rest of Africa," Burger said.<br /> <br /> "Having a TrueBeam LINAC further ensures that we produce professionals that are confident in working with these state-of-the-art technologies."<br /> <br /> Head of the Western Cape's Department of Health and Wellness, Dr Keith Cloete said the new machine enables the large public hospital to expand its service offering to clients.<br /> <br /> "It confirms our commitment to putting the needs of our patients at the centre of their care. The LINAC machine is a crucial tool in modern medicine in the treatment of cancer and to do various medical procedures," Cloete said.<br /> <br /> "It enables our hardworking and dedicated staff to deliver precise and targeted radiation therapy, thereby significantly improving the health and well-being of our patients," he said.<br /> <br /> "These machines bring hope and provide an important sense of worth to our patients being treated for various types of cancers."<br /> <br /> Western Cape MEC for Health and Wellness, Dr Nomafrench Mbombo said cancer remains a prevalent disease that affects many people's lives in the province.<br /> <br /> She said this is why maintaining and investing in modern health infrastructure is important.<br /> <br /> "Our facilities are our vehicles for service delivery where we provide life-saving care to residents, especially in terms of oncological care," Nomafrench said.<br /> <br /> "The addition of this new machine will greatly capacitate Tygerberg Hospital to continue to be a crucial component of our healthcare system in our province. I look forward to the positive impact this investment will have on our patients going forward."

Pancreatic cancer discovery opens door for new clinical trial

Pancreatic cancer is difficult to treat because it spreads quickly and has a distinct biochemical make-up.<br /> <br /> However, researchers achieved a significant advance by discovering the genetic changes that occur during tumour migration - and they also discovered a medication that may block the process.<br /> <br /> The next step is a groundbreaking clinical trial at the University of Rochester's Wilmot Cancer Institute, planned for early in 2024, to test the drug from their laboratory discovery, said senior investigator Darren Carpizo, MD, PhD, co-leader of Wilmot's Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism research program, and chief of Surgical Oncology at the University of Rochester Medical Center.<br /> <br /> "We will be the first institution in the US to study the safety and effectiveness of the experimental drug, known as NP137, on pancreatic cancer that has spread to the liver," Carpizo said.<br /> <br /> Carpizo and several collaborators recently published the results of their bench science investigation in the journal Cell Reports, and Carpizo will lead the Wilmot clinical trial with Aram Hezel, MD, chief of Hematology/Oncology at Wilmot, and Nabeel Badri, MBChB, a medical oncologist at Wilmot.<br /> <br /> The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is only 12 percent, which is a slight increase in 2023 compared to previous years.<br /> <br /> The number of cases is rising worldwide, however, and by 2030, pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths.<br /> <br /> Why is pancreatic cancer deadly?<br /> <br /> First, because it spreads (metastasizes) very early during its development.<br /> <br /> In 85 percent of patients, the cancer has already spread outside of the pancreas at diagnosis.<br /> <br /> Even when the cancer is localized to the pancreas and surgical removal is possible, the majority of patients face a recurrence of their cancer.<br /> <br /> The metastasis causes these patients to eventually succumb to the disease, which is why researchers are focused on understanding the biology of metastatic pancreatic cancer.<br /> <br /> Second, although pancreatic cancer cells do not have to travel far to reach the liver, along the way they genetically reprogram themselves and become stronger.<br /> <br /> The result: newly seeded cancer cells in the liver have a distinctly different biology from the primary tumor in the pancreas, and are able to resist standard treatment, Carpizo said.<br /> <br /> In their latest work, Wilmot researchers built on what was already known about a key gene, Netrin-1, involved in pancreas, breast and colon cancers.<br /> <br /> They discovered, for the first time, the complex mechanisms that allow Netrin-1 to drive the lethal, genetic changes as pancreatic cancer cells migrate to the liver.<br /> <br /> They also showed how Netrin-1 activates hepatic stellate cells, which are involved in liver fibrosis, a serious chronic disease, priming the liver as a host for cancer.<br /> <br /> In mice and in tissue studies, when researchers suppressed Netrin-1 with the anti-cancer drug (NP137), cancer was less likely to spread and cancer cell death occurred.<br /> <br /> The team includes scientists from Rutgers University, where Carpizo worked as a surgeon-scientist before joining Wilmot in 2020, Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, and a laboratory in France.<br /> <br /> The Wilmot clinical trial will likely require eligible patients to take two cycles of NP137 before surgery, undergo surgery to remove the cancer, and then take more of the experimental medication along with chemotherapy after surgery for up to six months, Carpizo said.<br /> <br /> He noted that NP137 is made by Netris Pharma, of Lyon, France, and is currently being tested in clinical trials in that country.

South Africa's battle against premature birth complications: Specialised care offers hope, says expert

In South Africa, the arrival of a new life is sometimes met with challenges, as eight out of every 100 babies are born prematurely, marking the nation among the highest in newborn deaths due to complications related to preterm birth.<br /> <br /> Despite these staggering numbers, there's light at the end of the tunnel for the tiny fighters.<br /> <br /> Preterm birth is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy or fewer than 259 days since the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.<br /> <br /> As the world prepares to honour World Prematurity Day on November 17, Alin� Hall, Clinical Quality Specialist at Mediclinic Southern Africa, highlights the critical role of specialised care in nurturing the fragile newborns.<br /> <br /> Hall said: "The first hour after a preterm birth is crucial for providing immediate specialised care, which continues as the baby grows and triumphs over the challenges they face.<br /> <br /> "From breathing assistance to maintaining body temperature in incubators and carefully introducing expressed breast milk, we strive to build these babies' strength and health, eventually reuniting them with their families."<br /> <br /> Prematurity remains the leading cause of death in children under five globally, with an estimated 15 million babies born prematurely each year.<br /> <br /> Revealing the local impact, Hall points to the fact that Mediclinic Southern Africa admits between 2 500 and 3 000 preterm and sick newborns into its neonatal units annually.<br /> <br /> Gauteng, Limpopo and Mbombela stand at the forefront, witnessing the highest number of obstetric services and neonatal admissions within the country.<br /> <br /> Complications often arise due to compromised immune systems in preterm babies, making them more susceptible to infections and sepsis.<br /> <br /> Breathing problems, retinopathy of prematurity (eye problems), neonatal jaundice, and feeding difficulties are among the most common challenges faced by premature infants.The medical and support staff in Mediclinic's neonatal intensive care units are trained to respond swiftly to premature births, intervening early to prevent further complications.<br /> <br /> Small actions, big impact<br /> <br /> "We strongly encourage as much skin-to-skin contact between mothers and premature babies as possible.<br /> <br /> "Research conducted by the World Health Organization has shown that this �kangaroo mother care' is highly effective in reducing infections and conditions such as hypothermia," Hall said.<br /> <br /> In neonatal units, a variety of interventions and treatments are used to care for preterm infants and support their growth and development.<br /> <br /> The interventions and treatments include:<br /> <br /> Respiratory support<br /> <br /> Preterm infants often require respiratory support due to underdeveloped lungs.<br /> <br /> This may involve the use of mechanical ventilators to assist with breathing, continuous positive airway pressure to keep the airways open, or non-invasive ventilation methods to support adequate breathing and oxygenation.<br /> <br /> Nutritional support<br /> <br /> Premature babies have unique nutritional needs, and neonatal units provide specialised nutritional support to meet the requirements.<br /> <br /> This may involve feeding preterm infants with breast milk, fortified human milk, or specialised preterm infant formula to ensure they receive essential nutrients for growth and development.<br /> <br /> Maintaining the appropriate body temperature is crucial for preterm infants. Neonatal units use incubators or open warmers to create a controlled environment that helps regulate the baby's body temperature and conserves their energy, supporting optimal growth and development.<br /> <br /> Additionally, continuous monitoring of vital signs, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation, is a key aspect of care in neonatal units.<br /> <br /> Preterm infants may require supportive care, such as IV medications, blood transfusions, or treatment for conditions like jaundice.<br /> <br /> Neurodevelopmental support<br /> <br /> Preterm infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental challenges, and neonatal units provide specialised care to monitor and support their brain development.<br /> <br /> This may include positioning techniques, early intervention services and developmental screenings to identify and address potential developmental concerns.<br /> <br /> An integral part of neonatal care involves health-care professionals educating and supporting parents, providing guidance on infant care, offering emotional support and encouraging parental involvement in care-giving to promote bonding and enhance the well-being of the baby and family.<br /> <br /> This aligns with this year's theme for World Prematurity Day - "small actions BIG IMPACT: immediate skin-to-skin care for every baby everywhere".<br /> <br /> Mediclinic was committed to taking such measures to improve outcomes for preterm babies and provide their families with the best medical support possible, said Hall.<br /> <br /> "Our obstetric services are guided by a holistic approach that prioritises the health and well-being of both mother and their baby, both are equally important to us, to the families involved and to our communities as South Africans," Hall said.<br /> <br /> World Prematurity Day is an intercontinental movement, initiated by the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants and its partners, and has been observed across the world since 2008.<br /> <br /> In addition, South Africa is also a signatory to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, one of which is to reduce neonatal mortality, a large proportion of which is caused by premature birth.<br /> <br /> Purple, which represents "sensitivity and exceptionality" is the trademark colour of World Prematurity Day, observed in various ways throughout the world.<br /> <br /> In the coming weeks, South Africans are encouraged to do their part by wearing purple ribbons, supporting awareness drives and educational initiatives, and sharing their stories of hope on social media.

Strokes affecting young people like never before

Stroke is the second most common cause of death after HIV/Aids in South Africa, and it is a significant cause of morbidity, with an estimated 150 000 people experiencing a stroke each year.<br /> <br /> This contributes to more than 560 000 stroke-related disability-adjusted years, said health cover provider Affinity Health. They also said there has been a noticeable rise in strokes in young adults.<br /> <br /> "When we think of strokes, we often associate them with older adults. However, strokes can happen at any age, and they're not as rare in young adults as you might think," says CEO Murray Hewlett.<br /> <br /> "A staggering 15% of strokes occur in those aged 18-50," he added, explaining that a stroke was like a traffic jam in the brain, which occurs when something blocks or bursts a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain cells.<br /> <br /> "When that road gets blocked, your brain doesn't get what it needs, and its cells can start to die. Just like when a roadblock causes cars to pile up, a stroke can make your body stop working correctly," he added.<br /> <br /> Strokes can lead to severe consequences, including paralysis, difficulty speaking, memory problems, and death.<br /> <br /> As the world looks at raising awareness around strokes this week, the World Health Organisation (WHO) says 15 million people suffer a stroke annually across the world.<br /> <br /> The World Stroke Organisation said over 12 million people will have their first stroke this year, while 6.5 million will die from one.<br /> <br /> Analysts say the incidence of a stroke increases significantly with age, with 60% of strokes happening to people under the age of 70, and 16% to those under 50.<br /> <br /> The Heart and Stroke Foundation said there were uncontrollable risk factors, including age, sex, family history, inherited high cholesterol, blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythm and clotting disorders.<br /> <br /> They noted a trend in the prevalence of strokes in young people, saying strokes are often disabling and they, therefore, pose a threat to socio-economic stability, particularly in developing countries.<br /> <br /> "In young patients with an absence of conventional vascular risk factors and negative preliminary stroke work-up, clinicians need to take into consideration less common causes of stroke in this population," says Hewlett.<br /> <br /> "Recognising the surprising causes of strokes in young adults is crucial for prevention and early intervention.<br /> <br /> "One of the biggest culprits is stress; prolonged stress can lead to high blood pressure, a major risk factor for strokes, and can also contribute to the formation of blood clots, which can block blood vessels in the brain, causing a stroke."<br /> <br /> Substance abuse was another cause. Certain drugs can lead to elevated blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms and even arterial dissection - a tearing of the blood vessel walls - all of which can precipitate a stroke.<br /> <br /> Similarly, alcohol abuse can raise blood pressure and lead to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder known to cause strokes, while smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clot formation.<br /> <br /> Hewlett says, "A lesser-known contributor to strokes in the young is undiagnosed medical conditions. Conditions like sleep apnoea, which disrupts breathing during sleep and lowers oxygen levels in the blood, can lead to hypertension and increase the likelihood of a stroke.<br /> <br /> "Autoimmune disorders like lupus or even infections like Covid-19 have been linked to strokes in younger individuals.<br /> <br /> These conditions can cause inflammation and blood vessel damage, making the arteries more susceptible to blockages."<br /> <br /> Poorly managed diabetes, being overweight or obese, and high cholesterol can also increase stroke risks.

KZN hospital gives the gift of better sight to 15 elderly, indigent patients

Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital & Heart Centre have given 15 elderly patients the gift of better sight.<br /> <br /> As part of Eye Care Awareness Month, which is commemorated from September 21 to October 18, the private hospital performed cataract-removal surgeries on patients from indigent communities.<br /> <br /> The World Health Organization says cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness on the continent of Africa.<br /> <br /> The WHO said more than 100 million people could be blind from cataracts, despite cataract surgeries being among the most cost-effective health interventions.<br /> <br /> Ophthalmic surgeon at Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital & Heart Centre, Dr Kavitha Naidu said this project is done every year, and the whole drive is to cut down on the cataract backlog that is prevalent in KwaZulu-Natal.<br /> <br /> Naidu said some patients spend more than two years on the waiting list.<br /> <br /> Naidu, who performed the surgeries on her birthday, said it was very rewarding for her to help patients see better.<br /> <br /> "My interest and passion grew from watching my father, who was also an ophthalmologist. I went to work with him and learnt about what he did when I was a child. We spent most afternoons after school at his practice, where he had a separate lounge, and we would wait with him to go home.<br /> <br /> <br /> "That is when I got the opportunity to see what he did. I also went to the theatre with him and watched him operate. Helping people who can't afford private healthcare is very fulfilling, and it's a yearly initiative that we do at Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital & Heart Centre. It feels great to give back to the community. Ophthalmology has been a calling for me, and I love what I do," Naidu said.<br /> <br /> Dr Bhavna Jugadoe, also an ophthalmologist at Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital & Heart Centre, said the patients were referred to the hospital from McCords Eye Hospital through the Into the Light Foundation, a non-government organisation that works to alleviate the backlog of patients in urgent need of cataract surgery.<br /> <br /> "The intention is to select indigent patients with advanced cataracts in both eyes, thereby treating reversible blindness at no cost to these patients," she added.<br /> <br /> Jugadoe said her oldest patients were 90 and 92 years old and both suffered low vision in both eyes. They are just two in a long list of people who ha ve no other option but to wait up to two years for this life-changing procedure.<br /> <br /> She has been involved in the corporate social investment initiative for the past decade.<br /> <br /> "This is an excellent example of the inspiring and long-standing collaboration between the public and private sectors as well as the NGOs in order to help patients with impaired vision from cataracts," she said.<br /> <br /> Jugadoe said being able to provide the service is immensely rewarding and an incredible way of giving back to the community.<br /> <br /> One beneficiary of the procedure, 80-year-old Canuth Nikubayo, expressed his delight at being able to see clearly once again.<br /> <br /> "This is a real blessing. It's not easy when you get old, but I thank God for this gift," he said.<br /> <br /> Commenting after her surgery, beneficiary Viraragavadu Baraspathy, aged 77, said her vision was severely impaired due to the cataracts.<br /> <br /> "I was operated on by Dr Kavitha Naidu, and she was outstanding. I am able to function as a normal human being. It is amazing, and I am truly grateful," he said.<br /> <br /> Another beneficiary, Pauline Esterhuizen, said she was looking forward to seeing her grandchildren clearly again, especially for Christmas.<br /> <br /> Naidu advised people to care for their eyes by seeing an ophthalmologist at least once a year, especially if they have been diagnosed with diabetes.<br /> <br /> "Taking responsibility for your own vision is extremely important, and should you have any problems or concerns with deteriorating vision, you should see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible," she said.<br /> <br /> Ethekwini Lenmed Hospital and Heart Centre CEO Niresh Bechan said that pro-bono work was something that specialists took great pride in doing.<br /> <br /> "There is a long waiting list of patients at State hospitals who need healthcare, and at Lenmed, we routinely try to ease the backlog by providing free treatment wherever possible," Bechan said.

Diphtheria outbreak at Pollsmoor Prison leaves one prisoner dead

Cape Town - A young prisoner has died and eight others are in isolation at Pollsmoor Prison following a diphtheria outbreak.<br /> <br /> Two staff members are awaiting laboratory results while being treated for the bacterial nose and throat disease.<br /> <br /> The Department of Correctional Services confirmed the Medium A section of the prison is where the outbreak began and is an area of concern where visitation will be affected.<br /> <br /> Minister of Health Dr Joe Phaahla said the prisoner, a 19-year-old man, presented symptoms on October 28 and was referred to a local hospital for medical care. He died on Sunday.<br /> <br /> The Cape Argus approached the National Prosecuting Authority and the Department of Justice and Correctional Services to establish how prisoners attending court cases were affected but has yet to receive a response.<br /> <br /> Department of Health spokesperson Foster Mohale said laboratory results had confirmed the disease.<br /> <br /> It has yet to be determined how the prisoner was infected.<br /> <br /> "Throat swabs were collected the same day for culture laboratory testing and the results came back positive five days later on November 2," said Mohale. Unfortunately, his health continued to deteriorate until he regrettably passed away."<br /> <br /> <br /> DCS national spokesperson Singabakho Nxumalo said they were working closely with the outbreak teams but did not comment on whether prisoners attending court were affected.<br /> <br /> "Containment at this stage is key and the facility is managing movement of inmates and officials at Medium A, where diphtheria has been detected.<br /> <br /> "The department is working closely with the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) in managing a possible outbreak.<br /> <br /> "This development will affect visits at Pollsmoor Correctional Centre Medium A in an effort to contain any further spread of diphtheria."<br /> <br /> Mohale explained that an investigation began to trace infection and that public health measures were taken to place the outbreak under control.<br /> <br /> This included the contact tracing of inmates, correctional services staff, consulting healthcare workers and emergency services personnel.

Travellers urged to be wary ahead of �malaria season'

Travellers planning trips to and from high-risk malaria areas are being urged to take precautionary measures to prevent possible infections.<br /> <br /> The Health Department says cases of the mosquito-borne disease are on the rise in parts of the country due to higher temperatures and increased rainfall in the malaria transition areas.<br /> <br /> It says over 7,400 cases were recorded between January to October this year.<br /> <br /> Spokesperson Foster Mohale says only 17% of these cases are locally acquired, while the rest are imported cases.<br /> <br /> "At least 66 deaths had been recorded during this period, and all people who experience malaria suspected symptoms, which include headache, fever, chills, muscle and joint pains, are urged to visit their local health facility without delay for effective treatment if they test positive."<br /> <br /> "The department is intensifying malaria response plan through malaria screening and testing around borders in high malaria provinces which includes Kwazulu natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo throughout the year for early detection of important cases."

Pill that helps prevent breast cancer approved in England

A pill that helps prevent breast cancer has been approved in England, and will mark a moment of hope for nearly 300,000 women.<br /> <br /> Anastrozole - which has been used for years to treat the disease - was first recommended as a preventative option by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in 2017, and it is set to be offered to thousands across the country.<br /> <br /> Trials had shown that the pill could reduce the incidence of breast cancer by nearly 50 percent in post-menopausal women who might be at risk of the disease.<br /> <br /> In a statement, NHS chief executive Amanda Pritchard highlighted the important step.<br /> <br /> She said: "This is the first drug to be repurposed though a world-leading new programme to help us realise the full potential of existing medicines in new uses to save and improve more lives."<br /> <br /> Anastrozole will be offered to 289,000 post-menopausal women in England who are considered to have at least a moderate risk of being diagnosed with the disease, as part of the NHS England's medicines-repurposing programme.<br /> <br /> The announcement has been praised, with some women describing it as a "gift".<br /> <br /> Lesley-Ann Woodhams, 61, has completed a five-year course of one tablet a day, and told the BBC taking the drug was "an easy decision", because she had watched her mother "battle" the disease.<br /> <br /> She explained: "I could live a life without constantly worrying or giving a thought to what could be if I'd developed breast cancer.<br /> <br /> "It really was a gift - it gave my family and myself peace of mind and, more importantly, a continued future to look forward to."

Diabetes and the festive season: Beware the hidden dangers warns KZN surgeon

As the festive season approaches, bringing with it a wave of celebrations and feasts, Dr Vinesh Padayachy, a prominent vascular surgeon from Durban, casts a spotlight on the potential health dangers lurking amid our holiday cheer.<br /> <br /> Speaking from his practice at the Lenmed Ethekwini Hospital and Heart Centre, Dr Padayachy warns of the risks associated with the traditional surge in consumption of sugary and carb-heavy foods during this time of year.<br /> <br /> "The festive season often encourages indulgence in rich foods and decreased physical activity," Dr Padayachy said, identifying a combination that could lead to increased blood glucose levels and significant weight gain.<br /> <br /> With a particular concern for the pre-diabetic and obese populations, he notes that such indulgences could precipitate the onset of diabetes and exacerbate existing health issues.<br /> <br /> Dr Padayachy points out that binge eating and heavy drinking during the festivities can cause acute spikes in blood sugar, leading to hyperglycaemia.<br /> <br /> "These short-term lapses can set the stage for long-term battles with the disease," he cautions, emphasizing the increased risk of heart disease, nerve damage, and other diabetes-related complications.<br /> <br /> The surgeon also challenges the perceived safety of "zero sugar" alternatives, which are often laden with artificial sweeteners. He says these can still affect insulin sensitivity and may encourage overconsumption due to a false sense of allowance.<br /> <br /> With the holiday season's propensity to normalise overconsumption, Dr Padayachy urges the public to be mindful of the "hidden health costs" of festive treats.<br /> <br /> <br /> He highlights the industry's role in marketing these products, which can make it difficult to resist the temptation to indulge.<br /> <br /> Physical activity, a key element in managing diabetes, is another victim of the holiday period's excesses. Dr Padayachy expresses concern about the decline in physical activity during December, which contributes to insulin resistance and can be detrimental to those with diabetes.<br /> <br /> Moreover, Dr Padayachy draws attention to the intersection of mental health and eating habits during the festive season.<br /> <br /> "Depression and anxiety can trigger emotional eating," he says, pointing out that this often involves foods high in sugar and fat, which can lead to worsened physical health and diabetes management.<br /> <br /> To combat these risks, he recommends a proactive approach, including exercise, meditation, seeking social support, and engaging in hobbies.<br /> <br /> He advises those struggling with dietary choices to make smart decisions, such as opting for healthier versions of traditional dishes, limiting portions, and resisting peer pressure to overeat or drink excessively.<br /> <br /> Dr Padayachy also emphasises the role of family support in creating an environment that encourages health-conscious habits and group physical activities. He suggests that staying active can include family walks, holiday-themed fitness challenges, or even active indoor games.<br /> <br /> As the holiday season draws near, his message is clear: moderation and vigilance are key. He encourages a festive period that is both merry and health-conscious, and urges the public to celebrate in ways that enrich rather than endanger our health.

SA's first specialised paediatric and special needs dental care unit launched

The Rotary Club, the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC), and the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of the University of the Western Cape (UWC) have launched the nation's first specialised paediatric and special needs dental care unit.<br /> <br /> This pioneering initiative promises to enhance efficiency, reduce anxiety for young patients, and sharpen the focus on providing dedicated oral health services to children, especially those with special health care needs.<br /> <br /> <br /> It also stands as a steadfast response to establish such a paediatric dental unit, promising to positively impact service delivery to the children of the Western Cape.<br /> <br /> "Working towards the recognition of paediatric dentistry as a specialty in South Africa, the need for a dedicated, specialised, child-friendly facility was identified, particularly in the Western Cape," said Bellville Rotary Club president, Delene Swart.<br /> <br /> "The establishment of a dedicated paediatric dentistry surgery unit equipped with the latest materials and state-of-the-art equipment will not only enhance service quality but also serve as an invaluable training ground for postgraduate students.<br /> <br /> "The influence goes beyond mere smiles; it symbolises a watershed moment in South African healthcare, focusing on children's dental health," Swart said.<br /> <br /> Swart further added that the project is expected to increase treatment capacity in the field of paediatric dentistry, thereby alleviating the workload of local healthcare professionals.<br /> <br /> Swart further added that the project is expected to increase treatment capacity in the field of paediatric dentistry, thereby alleviating the workload of local healthcare professionals.<br /> <br /> President of the South African Association of Paediatric Dentistry and course coordinator for the Masters programme in Paediatric Dentistry at UWC, Dr. Nicoline Potgieter, emphasised the enduring plight of the children in South Africa, who are in dire need of expert oral health care.<br /> <br /> "It is important to note that oral health directly impacts general health, which directly impacts quality of life. It is our responsibility to provide for the basic health care needs of our children.<br /> <br /> "Theological advances incorporated into the unit support minimally invasive techniques and preventative dentistry, and the environment is focused on making the dental visit more pleasant for the child patient. Hopefully this is the first of many dedicated paediatric and special needs units across South Africa," Potgieter added.<br /> <br />

World Spine Day reveals costly gaps in medical expenses for musculoskeletal issues

A recent analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data, has revealed the startling data that approximately 1.71 billion people worldwide suffer from musculoskeletal conditions.<br /> <br /> These conditions, ranging from low back pain and fractures to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affect people of all ages and are a cause for concern globally.<br /> <br /> According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), musculoskeletal conditions are typically characterised by pain (often persistent), limitations in mobility and dexterity, and reducing people's ability to work and participate in society.<br /> <br /> Pain experienced in musculoskeletal structures is the most common form of non-cancer pain.<br /> <br /> Musculoskeletal conditions encompass a wide array of disorders affecting various parts of the body, including joints, bones, muscles, and multiple body systems.<br /> <br /> Joints, such as those affected by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and spondyloarthritis, experience inflammation and degradation, resulting in debilitating pain and stiffness.<br /> <br /> Bones, including those impacted by osteoporosis and associated fragility fractures, can have severe consequences for individuals.<br /> <br /> Conditions like sarcopenia affect muscle mass and strength, leading to weakness. Additionally, pain conditions such as back and neck pain, as well as widespread pain conditions like fibromyalgia, further add to the spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders.<br /> <br /> <br /> Chronic inflammatory diseases like connective tissue diseases and vasculitis also contribute to a range of debilitating symptoms.<br /> <br /> Tony Singleton, CEO of Turnberry Insurance, speaking against the context of Bone and Joint Health National Action Week, sheds light on the financial implications tied to musculoskeletal conditions.<br /> <br /> He said these conditions not only result in some of the most expensive claims witnessed by insurance providers but are also among the most frequently claimed for.<br /> <br /> The vast umbrella of musculoskeletal conditions contributes to a wide array of claims, ranging from hip-bone fractures and replacements, to lower back pain and shoulder inflammation, such as rotator cuff tendonitis.<br /> <br /> Ligament tears, sprains, herniated discs, and even congenital conditions like scoliosis further add to the financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems.<br /> <br /> He added: "The reality is that muscular-skeletal conditions, or those affecting the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues, can happen to people of any age.<br /> <br /> "While some are degenerative and affect people more as they advance in age, accidents do not discriminate, and they can come with hefty medical expenses."<br /> <br /> In addition, procedures related to the muscular-skeletal system are frequently not fully covered by medical schemes, leaving people with significant medical expense shortfalls that need to be paid out of pocket.<br /> <br /> Gap cover gives everyone, young and old, peace of mind that they are protected from this financial burden, said Singleton.<br /> <br /> "Musculoskeletal treatments often require a significant upfront co-payment. For example, we have covered claims with a co-payment of R32,500 for gonarthrosis (knee osteoarthritis) or knee cartilage degeneration, and a co-payment of R38,000 for surgery related to idiopathic scoliosis.<br /> <br /> "Many people are also not aware that most medical schemes impose co-payments on joint replacement surgery, with some being as high as 25% of the hospital account," he said.<br /> <br /> Accidents can result in medical expense shortfalls from various sources. These include fees from the casualty department, shortfalls from doctors, surgeons, specialists, and anaesthesiologists who charge above the medical aid tariff, sub-limits on internal prostheses, and the cost of using a non-designated service provider hospital.<br /> <br /> Without gap cover, musculoskeletal conditions can lead to significant out-of-pocket expenses, creating a heavy financial burden.<br /> <br /> Turnberry customer Len Leuw, who has been with the company for 15 years, recently underwent a hip replacement. He had to make an upfront co-payment of R4,930 even before being admitted.<br /> <br /> "To his surprise, both the orthopaedic surgeon and the anaesthesiologist charged three times the medical aid rate for the surgery. This resulted in shortfalls of R27,932 for the surgeon and R8,374 for the anesthesiologist.<br /> <br /> "In total, the surgery left Leuw with shortfalls amounting to R41,236, which he would have had to cover out of his pocket," shared Singleton.<br /> <br /> "The long and short of it is that muscular-skeletal conditions can affect anyone, regardless of overall health or age, and the medical shortfalls can be significant. Specialists typically charge three to five times the medical aid rate, and this can run to many thousands of Rands.<br /> <br /> "Gap cover is invaluable in helping to ease the financial strain these would otherwise cause.<br /> <br /> "Understanding your medical aid cover and having the right gap policy to augment it is essential and one should seek assistance from their financial advisor to obtain the correct gap cover offering to meet your needs," said Singleton.

Value of data in healthcare is �immeasurable'

In the era of the digital revolution, data has undergone a transformative journey across various sectors, and healthcare is no exception. The significance of data in healthcare cannot be overstated, as it continues to redefine patient care, financial efficiency, and even life-saving capabilities. Central to this paradigm shift are Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS), which serve as the linchpin for harnessing the potential of data in healthcare.<br /> <br /> The advent of digital technologies has facilitated the seamless acquisition, storage, and analysis of healthcare data. From electronic health records to wearable devices and telemedicine platforms, the healthcare landscape now boasts an expansive reservoir of patient information. This digital metamorphosis has armed healthcare providers with the tools to make well-informed decisions and deliver tailored care that aligns precisely with individual patient needs.<br /> <br /> HMIS systems occupy a pivotal role in this transformative narrative. These systems encompass a range of functions, including patient management, billing, inventory control, and medical record management, all consolidated into a unified digital framework. The result is streamlined hospital operations, heightened efficiency, and, most importantly, an enhancement in patient outcomes.<br /> <br /> One of the most notable advantages of HMIS implementation lies in its ability to foster interconnectivity and interoperability. By facilitating seamless data sharing among diverse healthcare systems and devices, HMIS dismantles the silos that have long hindered information flow. This panoramic view of patient health fosters improved decision-making and coordinated care, setting the stage for a healthcare ecosystem that works harmoniously.<br /> <br /> The capability for secure data sharing represents a remarkable triumph of interoperable HMIS.<br /> <br /> Healthcare practitioners can access and exchange patient data across institutions and care settings, even in emergency situations where familiarity with the patient is limited. Real-time access to crucial information elevates the quality and timeliness of care, potentially translating into lives saved.<br /> <br /> Furthermore, the data collected by HMIS plays a pivotal role in curbing treatment costs. In the traditional healthcare model, the focus was predominantly on disease treatment and symptom management. Yet, with the wealth of data provided by HMIS, there's a paradigm shift towards prevention. Careful analysis of patient data unveils risk factors, allows for earlier disease detection, and empowers the implementation of preventive measures.<br /> <br /> For instance, envision a hospital armed with an advanced HMIS system and cutting-edge analytics.<br /> <br /> Through the examination of data from patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes, patterns indicating a higher risk of complications can be discerned. Healthcare providers can then intervene proactively, offering personalised preventive care plans and lifestyle modifications. By addressing underlying causes, hospitalisations and expensive interventions are reduced, yielding substantial cost savings.<br /> <br /> The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) is an exciting frontier. With access to real-time data, AI holds the promise of addressing complex health challenges in unprecedented ways.<br /> <br /> Nonetheless, the safeguarding of sensitive healthcare data remains paramount for the effective operation of interoperability. Robust checks and balances must be in place to ensure data security and privacy are never compromised.<br /> <br /> In conclusion, the value of data in the realm of healthcare is immeasurable during this digital revolution.<br /> <br /> HMIS serves as a foundational platform for the acquisition, storage, and analysis of patient data, empowering well-informed decisions and personalized care. Through interoperability, data sharing becomes effortless, elevating the quality and efficiency of care. The smart utilization of HMIS data propels healthcare towards preventive paradigms, resulting in reduced treatment costs and improved patient outcomes. Embracing data in healthcare is both an innovation and a societal obligation, dedicated to enhancing the well-being of all.

'Imagine everyone being vaccinated': Activists welcome VIR-1388 trial to 'end Aids in our lifetime'

A novel HIV vaccine known as VIR-1388 could be a story of hope for many South Africans living with the virus.<br /> <br /> HIV activists have lauded the trial of the vaccine, saying they hope it will soon bring an end to the HIV/Aids epidemic in South Africa.<br /> <br /> This week, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) announced the enrolment of candidates from South Africa and the US into a trial of the vaccine.<br /> <br /> According to NIAID, phase 1 of the trial will look into the safety of VIR-1388 and its ability to induce an HIV-specific immune response.<br /> <br /> The VIR-1388 vaccine is designed to instruct the immune system to produce T-cells (a type of white blood cell that fights specific germs or viruses) that can recognise HIV and signal an immune response to prevent the virus from establishing chronic infection.<br /> <br /> "VIR-1388 uses a cytomegalovirus (CMV) vector, which means a weakened version of CMV delivers the HIV vaccine material to the immune system without causing disease in the study participants," the NIAID said in a statement.<br /> <br /> According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, CMV is a common virus for people of all ages, however, a healthy person's immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. <br /> <br /> "Most people living with CMV experience no symptoms and are unaware they are living with the virus. CMV remains detectable in the body for life, which suggests it can deliver and then safely help the body retain HIV vaccine material for a long period, potentially overcoming the waning immunity observed with more short-lived vaccine vectors," the statement said.<br /> <br /> HIV and human rights activist Zola Tshayana said South Africa, which has about eight million people living with HIV, would greatly benefit from this trial:<br /> <br /> "This would help us to control and manage the virus. This is a much-needed breakthrough, as the country [has been considering] injectable ARVs to reduce pill burden and treatment fatigue.<br /> <br /> "It also comes when we are really pushing PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) as a way of preventing [HIV infection]," Tshayana said.<br /> <br /> The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) is hopeful that the VIR-1388 vaccine will change the lives of HIV-positive people.<br /> <br /> TAC deputy general secretary Patrick Mdletshe said the last international Aids conference reported the long journey to developing a universal vaccine.<br /> <br /> Mdletshe said: <br /> <br /> The NIAID has funded the discovery and development of a CMV vaccine vector since 2004 and is currently funding the VIR-1388 alongside the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Vir Biotechnology, a US-based immunology company.<br /> <br /> The trial is sponsored by Vir and conducted through the NIAID-funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network.<br /> <br /> "Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four study arms - three arms will each receive a different dose of the vaccine and one will receive a placebo.<br /> <br /> "To ensure the safety of participants, the study will only enrol people already living with asymptomatic CMV. Initial results are expected in late 2024, and an optional long-term sub-study will continue to follow volunteers for up to three years after their first vaccine dose," the NIAID statement said.

World Mental Health Day: Mental health is a universal human right, declares WHO

This year's theme for World Mental Health Day - Mental Health is a Universal Human Right - calls for WHO, member states and partners to accelerate efforts in mental health in a human-rights based approach.<br /> <br /> WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia, Poonam Khetrapal said, "The focus of human rights has historically been on needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare.<br /> <br /> "However, mental health stands as a critical pillar for human wellbeing. Recognising that mental health is a universal human right is acknowledging the relationship between mental health and the overall quality of life."<br /> <br /> Khetrapal added, "Mental health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of wellbeing in which an individual realises their abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to their community.<br /> <br /> "It is not merely the absence of mental disorders but a positive state of mental and emotional wellbeing. This definition aligns with the broader conception of human rights as not only freedoms from harm but freedoms to lead a fulfilling life."<br /> <br /> She emphasised that every individual, regardless of their location, occupation, or identity, is entitled to achieve the highest attainable level of mental wellbeing.<br /> <br /> This encompasses the entitlement to safeguard oneself from mental health risks, access to mental healthcare that is readily available, easily accessed, and of high quality, as well as the entitlement to freedom and involvement within their community.<br /> <br /> Several nations have updated their mental health policies and laws to include the components of international human rights instruments and other member states are in the process of incorporating these components.<br /> <br /> There has been significant progress in providing access to mental health services through strengthening primary care and community-based mental health services in several countries.<br /> <br /> WHO will continue to support countries to further strengthen such services.

Student well-being made possible with new pharmacy on UCT campus

Academic success and health are related. As such, the Maslow hierarchy of needs comes to mind. Self-actualization cannot take place if one's basic physical and safety needs are not addressed.<br /> <br /> Thus, it is clear that a student's health and wellness are essential for their success.<br /> <br /> Every year, prescription drugs save and enhance the lives of millions of people all throughout the nation.<br /> <br /> Prescription medication is crucial for sustaining the health of many South Africans, especially the younger generation, who are more susceptible to physical and mental illnesses like diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.<br /> <br /> The student wellness pharmacy at the University of Cape Town (UCT) aims to improve how students interact with the healthcare services offered to them as well as to improve their overall student experience.<br /> <br /> The recently opened pharmacy, which is located in the Ivan Toms Building, will broaden the range of healthcare options available to students while also relieving some of the strain on the SWS employees.<br /> <br /> Dr Memory Muturiki, the director of SWS, said in an official statement issued by UCT: "This is one of our greatest moments because it is the first time UCT has a pharmacy on campus that is licensed and can trade for students."<br /> <br /> The SWS pharmacy will expand access to primary healthcare because it is a component of the Department of Student Affairs (DSA), according to Dr Muturiki. Previously, SWS had a restricted selection of medications that they could provide to students.<br /> <br /> <br /> The pharmacy is focused towards students, and a lot of what we have to offer is for them. Students' ideas on how they want the pharmacy to function are also welcome.<br /> <br /> In the future, they are also considering other approaches to offering services through pharma e-lockers beyond business hours.<br /> <br /> "The bigger picture is also about strengthening the mental well-being of our students. It is about supporting student success and (UCT's) Vision 2030, as well as financial sustainability to make it affordable for us to bring in more medication on campus," said Dr Muturiki in the same statement.<br /> <br /> For medical services manager at SWS, clinician Dr Nandipha Qangule, a lot of the work included the medical consumables part of the job: ordering medication and taking charge of the medical room, which meant resources were being split thinly across the board.<br /> <br /> "When the department decided to create a pharmacy and get a pharmacist to support the clinical team, it was a huge load off our backs that we were responsible for. One can now walk in and get medication as they normally would at any other pharmacy and not go through a consultation first, freeing up space for someone else who might need the consultation.<br /> <br /> "Also, a pharmacist will give you advice on whether you do need to be seen by a clinician on site, and that's another advantage," Dr Qangule explained.<br /> <br /> A few students shared their opinions about their interactions with SWS, praising the staff for their professionalism, kindness, and knowledge when providing consultations.<br /> <br /> Pura Mgolombane, the DSA's director, claimed that the opening of the pharmacy was a concrete example of what the division hopes to provide for students.<br /> <br /> This is a significant moment because this is what we mean when we talk about student liberation. The drug store liberates them, and the students have been clear about how they are getting their medication.<br /> <br /> "In a bigger context, I want to re-emphasise the point around how at (the) DSA we speak about liberating the soul - not only for its own sake, but for student well-being. And that leads to academic success.<br /> <br /> "We are very intentional in building blocks towards student well-being and student success", Mgolombane revealed in a statement.

Discovery confirms price increase for 2024: this is how much you'll be paying

Discovery Health Medical Scheme has announced an average contribution increase of 7.5% across all benefit plans for next year. CEO of Discovery Health, Ryan Noach, said the price increase will be effective from January 1, 2024.<br /> <br /> He said while the long-term sustainability of DHMS is paramount.<br /> <br /> "We remain extremely sensitive to the economic environment and affordability pressures that scheme members are currently facing. We are keenly aware of the far-reaching impacts of increasing inflation, high interest rates and low GDP growth on households and businesses in our country. With this in mind, we strive to maximise value for members of the Scheme whilst maintaining the long-term sustainability of the medical scheme," Noach said.<br /> <br /> Discovery Health Medical Scheme gross contribution increases for 2024 on the following benefit plans:<br /> <br /> Executive: 12.9%<br /> <br /> Comprehensive (excluding Classic Smart Comprehensive): 11.9%<br /> <br /> Priority: 9.9%<br /> <br /> Classic Saver (Delta and non Delta): 3%*<br /> <br /> Essential Saver (Delta and non Delta): 3.8%*<br /> <br /> Coastal Saver: 6.3%*<br /> <br /> Core: 9.9%<br /> <br /> Coastal Core: 12.9%<br /> <br /> Smart: 8.9%<br /> <br /> KeyCare Plus: 10.9%<br /> <br /> KeyCare (excluding KeyCare Plus): 9.9%<br /> <br /> *The increases for the Saver options above are net of the changes in the Medical Savings Account (MSA) allocations for 2024, which are as follows:<br /> <br /> Classic Saver and Classic Delta Saver: 20% allocation to MSA<br /> <br /> Coastal Saver: 15% allocation to MSA<br /> <br /> Essential Saver and Essential Delta Saver: 10% allocation to MSA<br /> <br /> The Classic Smart Comprehensive has been redesigned for 2024.<br /> <br /> The Classic Delta Comprehensive, Essential Comprehensive and Essential Delta Comprehensive benefit options will be consolidated into the Classic Comprehensive and Classic Smart Comprehensive benefit options in 2024.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month: 1 in 27 SA women are affected by breast cancer

In South Africa, the battle against breast cancer has reached alarming levels, affecting 1 in 27 women and accounting for 23% of all diagnosed cancers in 2019, as revealed by the National Health Institute report.<br /> <br /> The need for awareness and early detection has never been more vital.<br /> <br /> With Breast Cancer Awareness Month upon us, the Breast Imaging Society of South Africa (BISSA) steps forward as a guiding light, urging women to prioritise self-examinations and annual mammograms starting at the age of 40 or even earlier.<br /> <br /> Breast cancer silently hides within the lives of thousands of South African women, only to strike when least expected.<br /> <br /> Dr Peter Schoub, the Chair of BISSA and a prominent member of the Radiological Society of South Africa, makes a point that early detection is the beacon of hope.<br /> <br /> It not only increases survival rates but also minimises the need for aggressive treatments that can cause physical and emotional trauma.<br /> <br /> "One of the most significant challenges in South Africa is the late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer when the cancer is advanced, reducing the chances of successful treatment.<br /> <br /> "This late diagnosis is often due to a lack of awareness, limited access to healthcare facilities, and socio-economic inequalities," he said.<br /> <br /> Schoub added: "Although most of the major medical schemes offer a yearly complimentary mammogram screening to women over the age of 40, only about 20% take advantage of this service."<br /> <br /> Breast cancer can happen to women of all ages. It's becoming more common in women in their 30s, which is concerning.<br /> <br /> Young women experience more aggressive breast cancer that progresses rapidly and would be at an advanced stage by the time of diagnosis, increasing the risk of cancer spreading to other parts of the body, Schoub explained.<br /> <br /> Who is at risk of developing breast cancer?<br /> <br /> Every woman is potentially at risk of getting breast cancer. However, certain factors will place them in a higher risk category, including:<br /> <br /> Age<br /> <br /> The risk of developing breast cancer increases as one gets older. However, 1 out of 8 invasive breast cancers are found in women younger than 45, according to Breastcancer.org foundation.<br /> <br /> Family history<br /> <br /> Women with close blood relatives who've had breast cancer are at higher risk.<br /> <br /> Personal history<br /> A woman with cancer in one breast has a 3-4 times increased risk of developing a new cancer in the other breast or another part of the same breast.<br /> <br /> Dense breast tissue<br /> <br /> Women with dense breast tissue (as identified on a mammogram) have more glandular tissue and less fatty tissue, and thus, a higher risk of breast cancer.<br /> <br /> Overweight or obese women<br /> <br /> Research in the past has shown that being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast and other cancers.<br /> <br /> Lifestyle<br /> <br /> Excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, smoking, and diets high in saturated fats contribute to risk.<br /> <br /> Hormonal factors: Women who have not had a full-term pregnancy or have their first child after age 30 have a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women who gave birth before age 30.<br /> <br /> Breastfeeding can lower breast cancer risk, especially if a woman breastfeeds for longer than one year.<br /> <br /> Women who started menstruating younger than age 12 have a higher risk of breast cancer later in life. The same is true for women who go through menopause when they are older than 55.<br /> <br /> Current or recent past users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer.<br /> <br /> How to self-examine your breasts<br /> <br /> The breast changes throughout the menstrual cycle, and it is important to always self-examine at the same time of the month, usually a week after your period, when your breasts are less tender due to fluctuations in hormone levels.<br /> <br /> Visual examination - sit or stand, without clothing, in front of a mirror with your arms to your side and look for changes in size, shape, symmetry, puckering and dimpling.<br /> <br /> Physical examination - lying down so that your breast tissue spreads out, making it easier to feel, or in the shower, using soap to glide more easily over your breasts:<br /> <br /> Use the pads of your three middle fingers, not your fingertips, to examine.<br /> <br /> Apply different pressure levels - light to feel the breast tissue closest to the skin, medium to feel deeper, and firm to feel the tissue closest to the chest and ribs.<br /> <br /> Use a methodical technique such as beginning near the collarbone, then moving towards the nipples in a clockwork fashion.<br /> <br /> Allow enough time, and don't rush the examination.<br /> <br /> Signs to look out for<br /> <br /> It's important to note that many lumps may turn out to be harmless, but all of them must be checked.<br /> <br /> Visit your healthcare provider if you notice any of these changes:<br /> <br /> Swelling of all or part of the breast.<br /> <br /> Skin irritation, dimpling or ridges on the skin.<br /> <br /> Nipple pain or the nipple turning inward.<br /> <br /> Redness, scaliness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin,<br /> <br /> A nipple discharge other than breast milk, or a lump or knot near the underarm area.

WHO recommends use of second malaria vaccine

By Gabrielle T�trault-Farber and Leroy Leo<br /> <br /> The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended on Monday the use of a second malaria vaccine to curb the life-threatening disease spread to humans by some mosquitoes.<br /> <br /> "Almost exactly two years ago, WHO recommended the broad use of the world's first malaria vaccine called RTS,S," WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a briefing in Geneva.<br /> <br /> "Today, it gives me great pleasure to announce that WHO is recommending a second vaccine called R21/Matrix-M to prevent malaria in children at risk of the disease."<br /> <br /> R21/Matrix-M, developed by Britain's University of Oxford,will become available by mid-2024, Tedros said, adding that doses would cost between $2 and $4 (R40 and R80).<br /> <br /> "WHO is now reviewing the vaccine for prequalification,which is WHO stamp of approval, and will enable GAVI (a global vaccine alliance) and Unicef to buy the vaccine from manufacturers," Tedros said.<br /> <br /> <br /> R21/Matrix-M is mass manufactured by Serum Institute of India and uses Novavax's Matrix M adjuvant.<br /> <br /> Adar Poonawalla, CEO of Serum Institute of India, said it had already produced more than 20 million doses in anticipation of WHO's recommendation.<br /> <br /> "We will ramp it up as per what the demand requirements are," he said in an interview. "We hope that by the end of 2024, there will be zero mismatch of demand and supply, with our supply coming into the system."<br /> <br /> The vaccine will compete against the RTS,S shot by GSK, which was recommended by the United Nations-agency in 2021 and sold under the brand Mosquirix.<br /> <br /> The WHO said both vaccines had shown similar efficacy in separate trials, but without a head-to-head trial there was no evidence showing whether one performed better.<br /> <br /> The agency has left it to countries to decide which product to use based on various factors, including the affordability and supply.<br /> <br /> "GSK has always recognised the need for a second malaria vaccine, but it is increasingly evident that RTS,S, the first ever malaria vaccine and the first ever vaccine against a human parasite, set a strong benchmark," GSK said in a statement.<br /> <br /> The company added that over 1.7 million children in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi had received at least one dose of the shot and it would be rolled out in another nine malaria endemic countries from early next year.<br /> <br /> Malaria kills over 600,000 each year globally, most of them children in Africa.

What is Disease X? How scientists are preparing for the next pandemic

It sounds like something Elon Musk might have cooked up: "Disease X."<br /> <br /> In fact, the term was coined years ago as a way of getting scientists to work on medical countermeasures for unknown infectious threats - novel coronaviruses like the one that causes Covid-19, for example - instead of just known ones, like the Ebola virus.<br /> <br /> The idea was to encourage the development of platform technologies, including vaccines, drug therapies and diagnostic tests, that could be rapidly adapted and deployed in response to an array of future outbreaks with epidemic or pandemic potential.<br /> <br /> 1. What is Disease X?<br /> t's the somewhat mysterious name for an illness caused by a presently unknown, yet serious microbial threat.<br /> <br /> The World Health Organization added Disease X in 2017 to a short list of pathogens deemed a top priority for research, alongside known killers like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Ebola.<br /> <br /> Covid-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, was an example of a Disease X when it touched off the pandemic at the end of 2019.<br /> <br /> The vast reservoir of viruses circulating in wildlife are seen as a likely source of more such diseases.<br /> <br /> That's because of their potential to spill over and infect other species, including humans, giving rise to an infection against which people will have no immunity.<br /> <br /> 2. What's the point of studying Disease X?<br /> <br /> As the WHO puts it, it's to "enable early cross-cutting R&D preparedness that is also relevant" for an unknown disease.<br /> <br /> The humanitarian crisis sparked by the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa was a wake up call.<br /> <br /> Despite decades of research, there were no products ready to deploy in time to save more than 11,000 lives.<br /> <br /> In response, the WHO created an R&D Blueprint to accelerate development of a range of tools for "priority diseases." The current list includes:<br /> <br /> -Covid-19<br /> <br /> -Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever<br /> <br /> -Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease<br /> <br /> -Lassa fever<br /> <br /> -Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS<br /> <br /> -Nipah and henipaviral diseases<br /> <br /> -Rift Valley fever<br /> <br /> -Zika<br /> <br /> -Disease X<br /> <br /> 3. How's the research for the next pandemic going?<br /> <br /> It took just 326 days from the release of the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the authorisation of the first Covid vaccine, thanks in part to the work done since 2017 in preparation for Disease X.<br /> <br /> Now groups like the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, or CEPI, are supporting rapid response vaccine platforms that could develop new immunisations within 100 days of a virus with pandemic potential emerging under a $3.5-billion plan. Other efforts underway include:<br /> <br /> -Updating the International Health Regulations and developing a new global agreement to protect the world from future emergencies.<br /> <br /> -A new fund, approved by the World Bank, for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.<br /> <br /> -A WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin that aims to speed access to key data, and develop analytic tools and predictive models to assess potential threats.<br /> <br /> -The Global Virome Project that aims to discover zoonotic viral threats and stop future pandemics.<br /> -A $5-billion US government initiative to develop next-generation vaccines and treatments for Covid-19, called Project NextGen.<br /> <br /> -$262.5-million in funding for a US national network for detecting and responding more efficiently to public health emergencies.<br /> <br /> -Establishment of global centre for pandemic therapeutics.<br /> <br /> Still, numerous challenges threaten to undermine these efforts, including depleted and weakened health systems, a growing anti-science movement that has increased vaccine hesitancy, and the potential for governments to eventually deprioritize funding for outbreak detection and preparedness as perceived risks dissipate.<br /> <br /> Bloomberg's Marthe Fourcade contributed to this report.<br /> <br /> Source:IOL<br /> <br /> Author: Jason Gale

New organic sanitary pads can lower the risk of cervical cancer

After breast cancer, cervical cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in women in South Africa. Cervical cancer is a lifelong risk for 1 in every 42 women, according to the Cancer Association of South Africa (Cansa).<br /> <br /> The uterus, a hollow, pear-shaped structure where a foetus can develop, has a lower, narrow end called the cervix. From the uterus, the cervix extends downward to the vagina (birth canal).<br /> <br /> In the case of cervical cancer, the cervix's cells develop abnormally and begin to grow tumours.<br /> <br /> The symptoms are different for every women. While some women won't have any symptoms, others can have serious ones.<br /> <br /> The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is typically the virus responsible for cervical cancer. Sexual contact with a person who has HPV can cause you to contract it.<br /> <br /> There are numerous HPV variants, however, not all of them result in cervical cancer. While some of these can result in genital warts, others could not.<br /> <br /> One woman is given a cervical cancer diagnosis every minute, yet it may be avoided and treated. Over 62% of infections, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), were brought on by the use of subpar sanitary napkins.<br /> <br /> The generous endeavour of Vivian Mokome Foundation (VMF) and George Sebulela Foundation (GSF) to provide organic sanitary products to underprivileged adolescent girls in South Africa was inspired by these frightening failure numbers.<br /> <br /> These organic sanitary products have many advantages, including stress reduction, improved immunity, metabolism promotion, and health preservation.<br /> <br /> It is obvious why Dr Vivian Mokome and George Sebulela felt it necessary to develop this product for production and distribution given the estimated 30% of South African girls who do not attend school while they are on their period due to a lack of sanitary goods.<br /> <br /> Mokome, a philanthropist from the Mokome Foundation, claims that the new organic pads she has developed can lower the incidence of cervical cancer.<br /> <br /> She claims that the pads, "Dignity - Long Lasting Inspiration" pads, are hygienic and safe thanks to the use of food-grade aluminium foil and a resealable opening that provides improved resistance to moisture, mould, and bacteria.<br /> <br /> They are hypoallergenic (do not itch or cause rashes) and made of organic cotton. The product doesn't include any chemicals.<br /> <br /> The green anion strip used to make the organic sanitary pads has antibacterial properties and kills 99% of microorganisms.<br /> <br /> Mokome explains that anion also has antiviral properties and neutralises free radicals, which helps fight urinary tract infections (UTIs), which many women get as a result of using public restrooms, for example.<br /> <br /> The pads have a 3-5 times greater absorption capacity than a regular pad.<br /> <br /> "Dignity - Long Lasting Inspiration pads have been tested and found to be biodegradable and 3 to 5 times the quality of a normal pad which will prevent period shaming and absconding when girls don't come to school due to heavy flow or lack of access to sanitary pads," said Mokome, in an official statement.<br /> <br /> Wearing these organic quality pads will help you relax and sleep better, relieve discomfort, have anti-inflammatory effects, and reduce swelling.<br /> <br /> She continues by saying that it stimulates cell activity, quickens blood flow, and improves tissue regeneration capacity.<br /> <br /> In addition, they promote your metabolism, increase endocrine function, boost immunity, eradicate smell, retain health, are anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. They also reduce stress.<br /> <br /> Through the Mokome Foundation, the George Sebulela Foundation, and partners, Mokome and Sebulela hope to officially introduce the organic product in October 2023 in nearby public schools.<br /> <br /> By providing sanitary pads for menstruation, they have already assisted hundreds of girls in achieving hygiene integrity.<br /> <br /> In helping low-income women and girls who have the misfortune of being unable to buy menstrual products, the Mokome Foundation has extended its reach to public schools.<br /> <br /> In February 2023, more than 10 000 pads were delivered in more than 20 schools.<br /> <br /> Girls attending public schools are the intended beneficiaries of this programme on pads. Grades 7 to 12 in each public school in each of South Africa's nine provinces have a one-year supply period.<br /> <br /> There are 6 000 secondary schools in South Africa, and 3 060 of them are in the Eastern Cape, Kwazulu Natal, and Limpopo.<br /> <br /> The desired result is for girls to experience a joyful and odour-free period. to make sure that a girl's education is never compromised by her period to reduce the sporadic increase in cervical cancer by offering organic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory sanitary products to raise awareness about the lack of sanitary pads for young girls in South Africa and so combat period poverty.

SA's top medical aid providers just announced their 2024 fees and it doesn't look good for consumers

Under the current economic climate, having medical aid cover is seen as a luxury.<br /> <br /> What was once a perk of the job has been scrapped by some employers as too much of an expense, while others increased employee medical aid contributions, leaving many of us trying to make ends meet.<br /> <br /> Some households just can't do without medical aid, so cancelling your monthly contributions is just not an option.<br /> <br /> South Africa's big three medical aid providers have just released their rates for the new year, and it doesn't bode well for consumers.<br /> <br /> Discovery Health Medical Scheme members will have to fork out approximately 7.5% more in monthly contributions.<br /> <br /> While appearing on the Money Web SAFM podcast with Fifi Peters, Dr Ryan Noach, CEO of Discovery Health, explained the logistics behind the high increase.<br /> <br /> "Typically medical inflation runs at about three to four percentage points higher than consumer price inflation, and members of the public struggle to understand that, sometimes saying medical scheme and health insurance administrators are doing a poor job of containing costs," said Noach.<br /> <br /> When asked if members are downgrading their plans for something more affordable, Noach said "no".<br /> <br /> "Just under 1.5% downgraded their plan - mostly due to affordability - and just over 1.2% upgraded their plan," he explained.<br /> <br /> Bonitas is another provider that released their 2024 product line-up on Wednesday.<br /> <br /> The medical aid scheme announced the weighted increase would be 6.9% with the average increase across nine of their plans at 6%.<br /> <br /> On news of the instalment hike, Lee Callakoppen, Principal Officer of Bonitas, said: "We appreciate that many of our members and South Africans in general, are faced with increasing financial pressures.<br /> <br /> "We have therefore taken great care to balance our benefit enhancements to provide value to our members, while still ensuring that contributions remain affordable."<br /> <br /> Momentum Medical Scheme's weighted average increase for 2024 will be 9.6%, with the company citing claims costs increasing to higher than pre-pandemic levels and inflation.

No specific Covid-19 variant dominating worldwide, says WHO

Despite the rise in Covid-19 cases around the world, there is currently no specific dominant strain of the virus, Covid-19 Technical Lead of the World Health Organization (WHO) Maria Van Kerkhove said on Wednesday.<br /> <br /> "We're still dealing with Omicron and many of the sub-lineages. We have three variants of interest that we're tracking: ???.1.5, ???.1.16 and EG.5. EG.5 is on the rise around the world, and the other two ???s are starting to decline. But we don't have any one variant that is dominant worldwide," Van Kerkhove said at a regular briefing.<br /> <br /> She also said that the WHO was seeing an increase in Covid-19 cases worldwide, as well as an increase in the number of hospitalisations and patients in intensive care units, which is "more worrying."<br /> <br /> However, there is no signs that the disease has become more severe, Van Kerkhove said.<br /> <br /> In December 2022, the WHO said that over 500 subvariants of Omicron existed, adding that the conditions were in place for new strains to emerge.<br /> <br /> As of September 27, there have been a total of 770.7 million WHO-confirmed Covid-19 cases globally, including 6.95 million deaths.<br /> <br />

Elon Musk's Neuralink gets approval for human brain implant trial

Billionaire Elon Musk's brain implant company Neuralink, announced that it has received approval from an independent review board to start recruiting human participants in a brain implant trial aimed at helping individuals grappling with paralysis.<br /> <br /> The development comes after the company's previous announcement in May, wherein it announced its acquisition of the FDA to begin human testing.<br /> <br /> According to a blog post from the California-based neurotechnology company, the main purpose of these human trials is to test whether its brain-computer interface (BCI) � called "the Link" � is safe and functional.<br /> <br /> "The aim of Neuralink's BCI and the company as a whole is to create implantable devices that'll let users control things with their brains.<br /> <br /> "And while it sounds super sci-fi, Neuralink is far from the only company developing brain interface devices," as per the Mashable website.<br /> <br /> "The initial goal of our BCI is to grant people the ability to control a computer cursor or keyboard using their thoughts alone," the company said in its announcement.<br /> <br /> While this may be an exciting development for some, Neuralink's "first-in-human clinical trials" may represent a substantial risk to its patients, according to the Mashable website.<br /> <br /> Musk and his company have already faced massive criticism for the trial of "brain chips" on lab animals.<br /> <br /> In February 2022, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine submitted a complaint alleging that Neuralink did "invasive and deadly brain experiments."<br /> <br /> By December of that year, the company was being investigated by federal authorities for potential violations of animal welfare standards, with documents indicating that the company had murdered around 1,500 animals, including rats, monkeys, pigs, and mice, since 2018.

KZN Social Development MEC on a mission to fight scourge of drugs and substance abuse

Durban � KwaZulu-Natal Social Development MEC Nonhlanhla Khoza has taken a resolution to fight against the escalating scourge of substance abuse and illicit drugs said to be destroying the lives of the youth and the people of Mpembeni, outside Esikhawini township.<br /> <br /> It is reported that drugs such as whoonga and other substances are causing a scare within the areas of Umhlathuze Municipality and have propelled Khoza to declare a war against this pandemic.<br /> <br /> On Tuesday morning, it was reported that five men were shot and killed in the Richards Bay CBD, and the police said that they suspect the cause of the attack was drug related.<br /> <br /> Khoza, alongside her counterpart, Agriculture and Rural Development MEC Super Zuma, visited ward 13 in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality in response to the community's outcry concerning social issues that have plagued the Mpembeni area.<br /> <br /> Khoza stated, "Empowered by Act No. 70 of 2008, the Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act, the department collaborates vigorously with relevant state entities to lead the battle against drugs in the region".<br /> <br /> "Employing a comprehensive and integrated strategy, the department aims to enhance coordination and collaboration in the management of substance abuse while ensuring effective execution of the National Drug Master Plan."<br /> <br /> Social Development spokesperson Mhlaba Memela said that engaging in a heartfelt dialogue with the community, Khoza listened to their concerns as they detailed the devastating effects of drug syndicates.<br /> <br /> Memela further said that the community earnestly called upon the department to intervene, citing the entanglement of local youth in a web of social issues, resulting in the abuse of women and children within the area.<br /> <br /> Addressing the community at Mabuyeni Sportsground, Khoza underscored the necessity of a coordinated effort to combat substance abuse, emphasising that it cannot be eradicated without the collective involvement of communities, government departments, civil society, faith-based organisations and traditional leadership Memela added.<br /> <br /> He continued, saying Khoza acknowledged the devastating impact of substance abuse on individuals and families within the Dube clan, including the breakdown of social structures, increased crime rate and the erosion of social cohesion.<br /> <br /> �'In collaboration with our partners, the department is fully dedicated to launching a comprehensive campaign against substance abuse and illicit drugs in the region. We recognise the urgent need to support our youth and families who have borne the brunt of these challenges.<br /> <br /> �'We firmly believe that by joining forces with the Mpembeni community, we can triumph over these challenges and create a safer, healthier and more prosperous environment for all. We implore residents to actively engage in this campaign and aid us in driving positive change within our communities," Khoza concluded.<br /> <br /> Zuma expressed shock at the involvement of men in drug-related activities, which often contribute to gender-based violence. He called on men to lead campaigns against drugs and expose those involved in drug production. He also emphasised that drugs had become the lifeblood of crime in their communities, necessitating unity to protect their neighbourhoods.<br /> <br /> During the event, three community organisations - Praise Nzwakele Foundation, Unyezi Community Projects and Sinokuhle Community Projects - were presented with a cheque for R100 000 each to combat drug abuse and contribute to community development.<br /> <br /> The organisations are involved in sewing school uniforms and other garments, including fashion design. Sinokuhle NPO chairperson Norah Mbambo applauded the government for its relentless efforts in empowering communities.<br /> <br /> �'We will use the cheque we received from MEC Khoza to advance the programme to better the lives of the people,'' Mbambo added.

Hitting refresh on the structure of SA's health funding

Renewed hope that a low-cost benefit option (LCBO) framework will soon become a feature of the South African healthcare funding landscape offers a practical step towards achieving quality healthcare for more people until the National Health Insurance (NHI) is fully realised.<br /> <br /> The industry regulator, the Council for Medical Schemes [CMS] has rightfully indicated that the introduction of LCBOs should complement the rollout of NHI by expanding private healthcare coverage by making it affordable to more people.<br /> <br /> The basket of services currently included in Prescribed Minimum Benefits ensures all medical scheme members have unlimited benefits for emergencies, maternity, and chronic conditions, including HIV, asthma, diabetes and many more severe health conditions. This means that irrespective of what members claim for these, a person has the security of knowing they will never have to pay out of their pocket for these conditions.<br /> <br /> A slimmed-down list of covered conditions, focused on the most common and pressing health concerns, with a strong emphasis on preventative and primary healthcare, could meet most families' health needs. Greater access to these services helps to reduce the need for hospitalisation, thereby easing pressure on the public health system to build long-term capacity.<br /> <br /> The complexity of the NHI project is immense and the tax base to fund it is narrow. There will therefore need to be gradual steps towards addressing practical implications for society sustainably. For now, 8.9 million people are covered by medical aid, representing 15% of the South African population.<br /> <br /> The introduction of low-cost benefit options could see this proportion growing with an estimated four million people, alleviating the public health system's overwhelming patient numbers and creating the breathing space to improve quality care standards as envisioned under National Health Insurance.<br /> <br /> The HFA (Health Funders Association) strives to offer a collective voice for constructive input and perspectives from health funders to help address broader challenges in South African healthcare and contribute to building the best possible version of universal health coverage for the future.<br /> <br /> The time is ripe for a shake-up in the structure of healthcare funding models, and the regulatory provisions for primary healthcare and low-cost benefit options will see many more employed South Africans and their families accessing private healthcare, many of them for the first time.<br /> <br /> Medical schemes have felt the pressure of increased claims since the pandemic, and the global financial fallout has also contributed to the local scenario of fewer new young, healthy people being able to afford traditional medical scheme membership as we know it.<br /> <br /> In the last few years, the sustainability of the current model has been challenged and as a result, various medical schemes have merged and even liquidated. We need new ways of catering to the growing demand for more affordable options in private healthcare coverage.<br /> <br /> It is unclear yet what the tax implications for these more affordable health cover products might be, and whether these funds are set to contribute towards the funding mechanism for NHI.<br /> <br /> As it stands this tax season, many South African households receive tax rebates on their medical scheme contribution, which lightens the load on public health services. It has been previously suggested that removing this income tax credit could help fund either LCBOs or the NHI, however, in practical terms, a family of three with a household income of R20 000 per month would see their tax bill soar by some 27%.<br /> <br /> Refreshing the regulatory framework for health coverage will enable the benefits of private healthcare to reach so many more South Africans who have never had access before. This would make enormous, revolutionary strides towards developing a healthier population and reducing the burden of disease so that public facilities could be in a better position to cope with in-hospital care for patients both now and when NHI is eventually fully implemented.<br /> <br /> * Makatini is the, chief executive officer of the Health Funders Association

Stellenbosch University-led consortium gets R101-million grant for future epidemics in Africa

A R101-million grant has been awarded to a Stellenbosch University-led international consortium for the management of future epidemics in Africa.<br /> <br /> The grant is from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP3), which funded five international awards, and this project is the only one led by Africa.<br /> <br /> The multimillion-rand grant comes five months after the university launched a billion-dollar biomedical research institute. <br /> <br /> At the time of the launch, renowned scientist Tulio de Oliveira, a professor of bioinformatics at the School for Data Science and Computational Thinking at Stellenbosch University, said the country was in the age of epidemics.<br /> <br /> "It was going to be an armed race between humans and pathogens," he said.<br /> <br /> Speaking about the grant, he said it was awarded for a project called Genomic Surveillance to Control Pathogen Infections in Africa (GenPath Africa).<br /> <br /> "GenPath Africa's overall goal will be to control pathogen infections in the continent. The award will enhance genomic surveillance capacity, strengthen genomic sequencing and provide training in advanced analysis and interpretation in southern and eastern Africa," he said.<br /> <br /> He added that the consortium would include epidemiologists, clinicians, bioinformaticians, immunologists and virologists to increase the use of genomic epidemiology to address important public health issues, such as HIV-1, tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance in South Africa, Kenya and Mozambique.<br /> <br /> "Despite the rapid expansion of genomic sequencing capacity and increased genomic surveillance during Covid-19 pandemic, the global response to SARS-CoV-2 illuminated the barriers that prevent the world from having readily available, reliable and comprehensive genomic data to aid public health decision-making," he said. <br /> <br /> GenPath Africa will quickly survey and respond to epidemics, such as Rift Valley Fever, amplified by climate change.<br /> <br /> De Oliveira said GenPath Africa will also use a one-health approach to conduct early warning testing in wastewater and animal surveillance to detect emerging pathogens.<br /> <br /> He said GenPath Africa would advance the EDCTP3 work programme by:<br /> <br /> providing researchers and public health professionals with skills in genomic epidemiology to better understand infectious disease epidemiology and drug resistance;<br /> strengthening capability in southern and eastern Africa to rapidly respond to current and emerging epidemics; and<br /> providing researchers with training to advance their scientific careers in Africa and establish themselves as scientific and public health leaders.<br /> In July, the head of the secretariat of the African Union Commission on Covid-19, Dr Lwazi Manzi, said it was concerning that South Africa did not have separate funds for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. She said the situation could be problematic in the event of another pandemic.<br /> <br /> De Oliveira said there was a need to plan for future pandemics by expanding genomic surveillance to other pathogens in Africa to quickly detect new emergent epidemics.<br /> <br /> "The GenPath Africa team is well placed to apply genomic epidemiology to impact current and emerging epidemics in southern and eastern Africa," he said.

Researchers develop new test to detect early stages of tooth decay at home

A novel product developed by researchers at the University of Cincinnati can alert consumers to the early stages of tooth decay brought on by conditions like gingivitis and periodontitis.<br /> <br /> The earliest stage of gum disease, gingivitis, is brought on by bacteria, but not just any bacteria.<br /> <br /> According to Andrew Steckl, an Ohio Eminent Scholar and distinguished research professor in the University of California's College of Engineering and Applied Science, the challenge for researchers was developing a tool to identify the specific kind responsible for the sickness.<br /> <br /> "It's been quite the challenge to get to the point where we can detect this toxin created by the bacteria responsible for gingivitis," he said.<br /> <br /> Steckl and UC Senior Research Associate Daewoo Han collaborated with Sancai Xie, a principal scientist at Procter & Gamble Co., and described their results in a paper published in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Sensors and Diagnostics.<br /> <br /> Steckl's research team has been exploring biosensing for various applications. They studied stress hormones in sweat in collaboration with the Air Force Research Lab at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Now they are studying saliva.<br /> <br /> "There are good reasons to use saliva," he said, adding, "It's relatively plentiful and easy to obtain through non-invasive methods. And saliva has a lot of important elements that can act as indicators of your health."<br /> <br /> Bacteria from gingivitis can travel through the bloodstream, leading to cardiovascular disease and other serious health problems, Steckl said.<br /> <br /> But saliva is a complicated biofluid, said Han, the study's lead author.<br /> <br /> Researchers pretreated the sample using potato starch to remove a protein called amylase that could interfere with the test results. Their test uses antibodies that react to the endotoxins found in the bacteria.<br /> <br /> "Daewoo worked very hard on many dead-ends before he had success," Steckl said, adding, "I tell my students that research is search, search and re-search until you find the answer."<br /> <br /> At-home health testing has been available for generations in niche uses such as detecting pregnancy. But the Covid-19 pandemic introduced a wide audience of consumers to the concept of monitoring their health with new technology.<br /> <br /> The at-home testing industry is expected to generate $45 billion annually by 2031, according to Allied Market Research.<br /> <br /> Steckl said he sees a lot of opportunities for new consumer products. "Our results definitely show promise," Steckl said, adding, "Sometimes it comes easy. Most of the time you have to persevere."

Researchers test 'anti-obesity treatment' on mice

Researchers claim to have tested a potential anti-obesity treatment on mice.<br /> <br /> Scientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the US fed a group of mice a high-fat, high-sugar, high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks to double their weight and then gave them a thyromimetic drug - which mimic a synthetic thyroid hormone - delivered by injection and they found the obese animals lost weight despite continuing their unhealthy diet.<br /> <br /> S. Thai Thayumanavan, professor of chemistry and biomedical engineering at the university, said: "The treated mice completely lost their gained weight, and we did not see any untoward side effects.<br /> <br /> "Considering 100 million Americans have obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders, we became pretty excited about this work.<br /> <br /> "There is a significant amount of development work to be conducted between mice and humans, but we are hoping it will eventually become a drug."<br /> <br /> The treated mice returned to a normal weight after five weeks of treatment despite continuing to eat a high-fat, high-sugar diet while their cholesterol levels also dropped and their liver inflammation went down.<br /> <br /> Thayumanavan published his teams findings in a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.<br /> <br /> Start-up company Cyta Therapeutics - which was founded at the UMass Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS) - is taking on the task of trying to translate the findings into a way to help humans deal with obesity, but there is still a lot of work still to be done.<br /> <br /> Thayumanavan added: "We really wanted to find out the factors that got affected. We found that we are activating the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, which lowers cholesterol.<br /> <br /> "We believe that activation of fat oxidation and an increase in metabolic rate are causing the loss in weight, but more work needs to be done to prove that point."

Suicide Awareness Month: How to recognise symptoms of suicidal behaviour

Because no one wants to talk about it, suicide is something that often people think happens to "other people"; that it can never happen to someone close to them.<br /> <br /> And when it does, most people are left feeling guilty because they never saw it coming.<br /> <br /> While those who are feeling suicidal tend to hide it very well, there are tell-tale signs that if you look closely enough, you can pick up and possibly help that person before it's too late.<br /> <br /> Here are signs of suicidal behaviour that might be easy to miss but that one should be aware of.<br /> <br /> Withdrawing from activities and relationships<br /> <br /> Look out for a change in social interaction. Suicidal individuals often tend to isolate themselves from their loved ones and the activities they once enjoyed.<br /> <br /> Extreme mood swings<br /> <br /> While it's normal for people to go through different moods, it's not normal to experience extreme mood swings in short periods of time.<br /> <br /> Look out for signs of extreme sadness and hopelessness, the sudden bursts of happiness.<br /> <br /> Depressed individuals occasionally experience a brief mood uplift after making the decision to end their lives, as they believe they have found a solution to their problems.<br /> <br /> Look out for self-harm behaviours<br /> <br /> Self-harm, such as cutting, burning, or excessive substance abuse, is often linked to suicidal thoughts and tendencies.<br /> <br /> Visible marks, scars, or sudden changes in an individual's appearance could be indications of self-harm, and these should never be ignored.<br /> <br /> Expressing feelings of worthlessness<br /> <br /> Constantly saying things like "I'm a burden to everyone" or "I'm a failure" can suggest someone is experiencing feelings of worthlessness or guilt. These types of negative thoughts may push someone towards contemplating suicide.<br /> <br /> Expressing suicidal feelings<br /> <br /> When someone tells you things like "I want to die" or "I can't go on anymore", do not ignore it.<br /> <br /> These should taken very seriously. Do not try to downplay what they are expressing by saying that they are "being dramatic", or to "get over it".<br /> <br /> Recognise the significance of situational factors<br /> <br /> There are major life events that can trigger suicidal behaviour. This could be anything from the death of a loved one to losing their jobs. Bullying and harassment have become a major problem among young people.<br /> <br /> If you recognise these signs in someone you love, make sure they get the help that they desperately need.<br /> <br /> Contact SADAG on 0800 567 567.

Alarming overuse of asthma inhalers in South Africa hinders effective treatment, study finds

Asthma affects millions of people worldwide, and inhalers are essential tools for managing its symptoms.<br /> <br /> However, there is a growing concern about the overuse of these devices, which can inadvertently put individuals at risk and compromise their long-term health.<br /> <br /> Asthma inhalers, commonly known as asthma pumps, provide quick relief during attacks and help control symptoms daily.<br /> <br /> One of the dangers of overusing asthma inhalers is that it can mask the severity of an asthma attack or exacerbation.<br /> <br /> Additionally, frequent or unnecessary use of inhalers can reduce their effectiveness over time. This can lead to diminished symptom control and the need for higher doses of medication, further exacerbating potential side effects. ( This phenomenon is known as "tachyphylaxis" or "tolerance".<br /> <br /> It occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the medication due to overexposure.)<br /> <br /> In the case of asthma inhalers, the most common type of medication used is a bronchodilator, such as a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA).<br /> <br /> These medications work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, opening them up and making it easier to breathe during an asthma attack or during times of increased symptoms.<br /> <br /> Insufficient understanding of asthma management, triggers, and proper inhaler usage can lead to misuse or overuse of inhalers. Without adequate knowledge, individuals may attempt to manage their condition without proper guidance.<br /> <br /> In South Africa, asthma affects more than 20% of children and 10-15% of adults, with an alarming number of deaths occurring each year.<br /> <br /> Research, such as the recently published SABINA III study, highlights the issue of over-prescription and over-the-counter purchase of reliever pumps, despite new treatment guidelines.<br /> <br /> Professor Ismail Kalla, a Pulmonologist and Head of the Department - of Internal Medicine at the University of Witwatersrand, points out that asthmatic patients have been overusing their blue SABA symptom-reliever inhalers for decades.<br /> <br /> This overuse stems from the mistaken belief that it is the best way to control symptoms.<br /> <br /> In line with new global and locally endorsed asthma treatment guidelines, a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) formoterol therapy is now recommended as needed, regardless of asthma severity.<br /> <br /> <br /> This combination inhaler contains an anti-inflammatory agent that reduces airway inflammation and provides controlled relief.<br /> <br /> Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways affecting more than 339 million people globally. In South Africa, more than 20% of children and 10-15% of adults have asthma.<br /> <br /> For those living with the illness, it can reduce quality of life in varying degrees and it's not uncommon to be hospitalised during an attack.<br /> <br /> Despite changes in the approach to treatment and evidenced-based medications to manage the condition, an alarming number of South Africans still die from asthma every year.<br /> <br /> Treating asthma has evolved, but the SABINA III study reveals a slow adoption of new guidelines. The results show that nearly 75% of patients used more than three SABA canisters in the past year, and over 55% were prescribed more than 10 canisters.<br /> <br /> These figures are alarming because evidence suggests that overusing SABA inhalers, especially using more than three canisters per year, increases the risk of asthma attacks, hospitalisations, and even death.<br /> <br /> The importance of patients who fall into this category speaking with their doctors to reassess and revise their asthma treatment plans.<br /> <br /> Chronic asthma control relies on anti-inflammatory maintenance, regardless of the severity of the illness. Professor Kalla explained that the approach to treating and managing asthma is almost the same for all patients, with reducing inflammation being the key focus.<br /> <br /> The SABINA III study found that over 50% of patients with mild asthma had uncontrolled symptoms. The risk remains high regardless of severity, treatment adherence, or level of control.<br /> <br /> Poor adherence to maintenance medication is believed to be the main reason for this continued lack of control.<br /> <br /> The findings of the SABINA III study underscore the importance of following asthma treatment guidelines. Patients, regardless of asthma severity, should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop personalised treatment plans that prioritise anti-inflammatory maintenance.<br /> <br /> By doing so, individuals can better manage their symptoms, reduce the risk of asthma attacks, and improve their overall quality of life.<br /> <br /> "While there's no cure for asthma it can be controlled and it's important that asthmatics partner with their doctor to develop a solid asthma treatment plan that prioritises reducing inflammation safely," said Professor Kalla.<br /> <br /> "To illustrate how dangerous this inflammation can be for those who live with asthma, a global study reports that excessive inflammation causes 176 million asthma attacks annually. These attacks can be frightening, dangerous, and can be costly for the patients."<br /> <br /> To educate people living with asthma, and to help them reduce their risk of attacks, AstraZeneca is running the Break Over-Reliance campaign. Asthma patients can assess their levels of over-reliance through a digital assessment tool, known as the Reliever Reliance Test.<br /> <br /> This evidence-based questionnaire empowers patients to assess their over-reliance on their blue reliever inhaler, SABA, by answering five short questions.<br /> <br /> Professor Kalla added, "I strongly urge that everyone living with asthma take the test - it's easy to navigate and will help them understand whether they are relying too heavily on their SABA.<br /> <br /> "If the results indicate over-reliance, then that information can facilitate conversations with their healthcare professional about their asthma management.<br /> <br /> "Recognising that the use of a SABA blue inhaler to control asthma symptoms actually masks symptoms and increases the risk of asthma attacks - action to correct asthmatic compliance has never been more important.<br /> <br /> "When you consider that South Africa's prevalence of asthma is among the highest in the world, the case for better control is urgently needed," advised Professor Kallla.

Pharmacy Month: Western Cape promotes responsible use of antibiotics and antimicrobials

September is Pharmacy Month, and the theme this year includes antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).<br /> <br /> AMS comprises actions to promote the responsible use of antibiotics, while the person reporting a suspected adverse drug reaction becomes a source of data on the safety of medicinal products.<br /> <br /> The Western Cape Department of Health and Wellness (WCGHW)said it prioritises providing antibiotic and other antimicrobial treatment that results in the best clinical outcomes with minimal side effects for patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.<br /> <br /> Director of Medicine Management for Laboratory and Blood Services Support at the WCGHW, Kim Lowenherz, said there are 1,046 pharmacy personnel (447 pharmacists and 599 pharmacy support personnel) in the province who remain a valuable part of the health system, and their efforts lead to a positive outcome for patients.<br /> <br /> "A total number of 1.09 million prescriptions were administered by the public health system between the period April 2022 to March 2023, thereby helping many patients to live healthier, longer, and more fulfilling lives," Lowenherz said.<br /> <br /> The department said its AMS interventions include educating patients and healthcare workers on the responsible use of antibiotics, conducting audits, analysing antibiotic usage data, and providing regular feedback on ADRs.<br /> <br /> It said a Provincial Antimicrobial Stewardship Committee has been established, which makes recommendations on AMS interventions to the department.<br /> <br /> The committee also promotes appropriate evidence-based strategies to prevent community- and hospital-based acquired infections (thereby reducing the need for antibiotics), in consultation and collaboration with relevant provincial structures.<br /> <br /> Follow these steps to ensure the use of antibiotics appropriately and assist in combating antibiotic resistance:<br /> <br /> - Do not share medication.<br /> <br /> - Only use antibiotics when prescribed by your doctor or nurse.<br /> <br /> - Take your medicines correctly as prescribed by the doctor or nurse.<br /> <br /> - Wash your hands regularly.<br /> <br /> - Speak to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you have any queries or experience any side effects when taking your medicine.<br /> <br /> - Keep vaccinations up-to-date.<br /> <br /> - Do not dispose of medicines in the washbasin, kitchen sink, toilet, or municipal waste bin.<br /> <br /> - Return all unused medicines to your pharmacy. Your pharmacist knows how to dispose of unwanted medicine safely and legally to protect the environment.<br /> <br /> "The Western Cape remains committed to AMS, and we thank our pharmacy personnel who promote the appropriate use of antibiotics. Working together, we can change the direction of containing antibiotic resistance and ensure that people have access to safe and effective antibiotics," the department added.<br /> <br />

SA's Covid-19 battle continues: Where to find vaccination centres

As South Africa is battling with Covid-19 pandemic and new strains of the disease, people have been urged to get vaccinated and take steps to prevent the spread of the virus.<br /> <br /> The current dominant strain, variant EG.5, unofficially named Eris, is said to not be any more dangerous or lethal than previous variants, but the department of health has reiterated calls for people to get vaccinated.<br /> <br /> According to shocking statistics, only 44.1 percent of people aged 12 and older were vaccinated at the time of the survey, some with booster shots. Another 6.9 percent were partially vaccinated.<br /> <br /> With 58.8 percent of its population fully vaccinated, the Free State has the highest full vaccination rate, followed by the Western Cape with 56.7 percent. Only 35.8 percent of KwaZulu-Natal's population is vaccinated.<br /> <br /> Widespread vaccination has emerged as a critical tool in curbing the spread of the virus and safeguarding public health. With an extensive network of vaccination centres, obtaining the vaccine is still important and is still accessible.<br /> <br /> We list where you may get vaccinated in South Africa.<br /> <br /> Community clinics<br /> <br /> Community health clinics play a vital role in the fight against Covid-19. You can find these clinics in residential areas and smaller towns and provide a convenient option for individuals to receive their Covid-19 vaccine.<br /> <br /> Pharmacies and medical practices<br /> <br /> If you are unable to be vaccinated at a clinic, pharmacies and private medical practices have joined the vaccination effort, contributing to the widespread availability of the vaccine.<br /> <br /> Many pharmacies and clinics have partnered with the government to administer doses, making it convenient for those seeking immunisation.<br /> <br /> Airports<br /> <br /> As travellers know, countries request a Covid-test and/or proof of vaccination. Therefore, a number of airports in the country have these facilities.<br /> <br /> FindMyJab<br /> <br /> If online is more your style, you can find vaccination sites on FindMyJab.<br /> <br /> It will redirect you to a map and prompts. Use your current location or enter your address for an accurate location. You can also tap on the map if you wish.<br /> <br /> Then use the slider to define how far to search for nearest vaccination site.<br /> <br /> Nearest active sites will be displayed in results table and map.

Depressed and lonely: 60-year-old man who has cancer asks to be let into prison to be around other people

Cancer impacts not just one's physical health, but it may also elicit a wide range of feelings that a person is not used to experiencing.<br /> <br /> Among them could be depression, anxiety, and loneliness, which are mental disorders that can be difficult to deal with and treat.<br /> <br /> A Spanish man has taken this to the extreme, as he has reportedly voluntarily brought himself to prison authorities and asked to be let in. The reason: to be among other people.<br /> <br /> The man was identified as 60-year-old Justo M�rquez. According to El Espa�ol, M�rquez's physicians diagnosed him with prostate cancer in March 2020, coinciding with the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.<br /> <br /> M�rquez said this was one of the hardest times of his life.<br /> <br /> He believes that despite 20 years of marriage and having five children, whom he has not seen since June, he is lonely. He lives and feels alone and is requesting that the authorities allow him to join the Alhaur�n de la Torre jail willingly in order to have someone near him attend to him when he needs it.<br /> <br /> "When it's daytime I take it well, I get on my TikTok, which entertains me by telling jokes, and I spend the day, but my problem comes when night falls and I get into bed. That's when I have a hard time," he was quoted as saying.<br /> <br /> He was supposedly in the prison's parking lot demonstrating for his request, but the organisation told him he had to do it outside the enclosure.<br /> <br /> "M�rquez expresses that he has knocked on all possible doors, but nobody gives him a solution to his problems, beyond prescribing different treatments and tests. In addition to cancer, he says he suffers from heart problems, anxiety, and depression," reported El Espa�ol.<br /> <br /> The United States National Library of Medicine revealed that oncology patients' mental health was surveyed and showed that they were severely impacted by Covid-19 and its lockdowns.<br /> <br /> In the survey, the institution said, "Of the 606 patients, 53% were categorised in the lonely group. The lonely group reported higher levels of social isolation, as well as higher severity scores for all of the symptoms evaluated.<br /> <br /> "In the multivariate model, being unmarried, having higher levels of social isolation, as well as higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, were associated with membership in the lonely group."<br /> <br /> According to the findings of the study, a substantial proportion of cancer patients are lonely, most likely as a result of mandated social distance and isolation measures. These individuals' symptom burden is exceedingly significant, necessitating clinical examination and care.<br /> <br /> *If you are in need of help or know someone who is, please contact Sadag's toll free call centre on 080 056 7567.<br /> <br /> Source: IOL<br /> AUthor: Xolile Mtembu

Research reveals delays in diagnosing women with endometriosis can take at least 10 years

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are two common gynaecological conditions that affect millions of women worldwide.<br /> <br /> The characteristics, symptoms and treatment options of these conditions may seem similar, but it is essential to understand their differences.<br /> <br /> As September is PCOS Awareness Month, it is an opportune time to shed light on these conditions and help individuals navigate the unique challenges.<br /> <br /> PCOS vs. Endometriosis: Different conditions, similar effects<br /> <br /> The World Health Organization explains PCOS as a hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries, leading to an imbalance of reproductive hormones.<br /> <br /> It is estimated to affect approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age, making it one of the most common endocrine disorders among women. PCOS is characterised by the growth of small cysts on the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, and excessive production of androgens (male hormones).<br /> <br /> According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the key symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles or absence of periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism) and acne, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, and infertility or difficulty conceiving.<br /> <br /> Understanding Endometriosis<br /> <br /> Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. It affects approximately 10% of women worldwide, making it a prevalent gynaecological disorder. Endometriosis can cause inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions.<br /> <br /> The Mayo Clinic states that the key symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, especially during menstruation, painful intercourse, heavy or irregular menstrual periods, infertility or difficulty conceiving, and fatigue and gastrointestinal issues.<br /> <br /> According to existing data, at least one in every 10 women live with endometriosis. Women with endometriosis can go as long as 10 years without receiving a diagnosis. Research sheds new light on widespread delays in diagnosis.<br /> <br /> New research conducted by PhD student Anna Melgaard from the Department of Public Health at Aarhus University sheds light on the widespread delays in diagnosing this debilitating condition.<br /> <br /> The study, recently published in the scientific journal Human Reproduction, analysed the healthcare use of 129,696 Danish women, with a particular focus on the 21,616 women who were eventually diagnosed with endometriosis between 2000 and 2017.<br /> <br /> The findings are alarming.<br /> <br /> "Women can find it difficult to distinguish between normal and abnormal symptoms and might therefore not seek medical attention immediately,'' the researchers noted.<br /> <br /> This lack of awareness and confusion about what is considered normal can lead to significant delays in seeking help.<br /> <br /> But it's not just the patients who are facing challenges. Doctors, too, may contribute to the problem. �<br /> <br /> 'Doctors may also have insufficient knowledge about endometriosis and can tend to normalise symptoms,'' explained study author Melgaard.<br /> <br /> This normalisation can result in incomplete examinations, inadequate referrals, and even referrals to the wrong specialists.<br /> <br /> Speaking to Medical News about the research, Melgaard brought to attention that, "With this study, we can underscore that the delayed diagnosis of endometriosis is not due to the fact that women do not visit the doctor."<br /> <br /> In fact, the research highlights the need for better education and awareness among both patients and healthcare professionals.<br /> <br /> Additionally, the World Health Organization also notes endometriosis can often present symptoms that mimic other conditions thereby contributing to a diagnostic delay.<br /> <br /> While both PCOS and endometriosis can cause infertility and menstrual irregularities, there are distinguishing factors that can help differentiate between the two conditions.<br /> <br /> PCOS primarily affects the ovaries and hormonal balance, whereas endometriosis involves the growth of tissue outside the uterus.<br /> <br /> PCOS often presents with symptoms related to excess androgen production, such as hirsutism and acne, while endometriosis may manifest as severe pelvic pain.<br /> <br /> PCOS is primarily diagnosed through hormonal and ultrasound tests, whereas endometriosis is typically diagnosed through laparoscopic surgery.<br /> <br /> The treatment for PCOS and endometriosis varies depending on the severity of symptoms and the individual's reproductive goals.<br /> <br /> For PCOS, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and weight management can help alleviate symptoms.<br /> <br /> Medications like hormonal birth control pills, anti-androgen medications, and insulin-sensitising drugs may also be prescribed. Fertility treatments, including assisted reproductive technologies (ART), can help women with PCOS conceive.<br /> <br /> In the case of endometriosis, pain management can be achieved through over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications.<br /> <br /> Hormonal therapies like birth control pills and hormonal patches can help manage symptoms. In more severe cases, laparoscopic surgery may be performed to remove endometrial tissue, adhesions, or cysts.<br /> <br /> Dr Nosipho Danielle Mhlanga in collaboration with Kotex� encourages women to seek medical assistance if they suspect PCOS based on symptoms.<br /> <br /> "Early diagnosis and management improves quality of life."

Western Cape Health and Wellness Department urges parents to consent to HPV vaccine administered at schools

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in South Africa and thus the Western Cape Health and Wellness Department urges parents for consent as they embark on its annual human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine drive.<br /> <br /> The HPV vaccine prevents cervical cancer and the second dose is being administered to children between September 4 and October 31, at schools across the province.<br /> <br /> Girls in Grade 5, over the age of nine who have received the vaccine earlier this year will be able to have their booster doses after the appropriate consent has been obtained, the department said.<br /> <br /> During the first round of HPV vaccination in the Western Cape, 1,044 schools were visited and 76% of children were administered their first dose which allows for the opportunity to provide the same number of vaccinations over the second round.<br /> <br /> The department said in the Northern and Tygerberg Substructure (NTSS), at least 4,601 (53%) girls were vaccinated.<br /> <br /> Sister Rayneze Saayman said the HPV vaccination campaign is dependent on the support of parents and caregivers, and as such, it is necessary consent forms are completed and submitted to the schools prior to the nurses' visits.<br /> <br /> "Consent is needed from parents to make sure they understand the information given regarding the vaccine and to then agree that the vaccine can be provided to their child.<br /> <br /> "No vaccine can be provided without your consent. Girls who are not vaccinated are at high risk of contracting the human papilloma virus which the infection could possibly evolve into cervical cancer. Studies have shown that two doses, six months apart, provide better protection," Saayman said.<br /> <br /> The department said cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women aged 15 and 44 in South Africa, with 70% of invasive cancer caused by the HPV serotypes 16 and 18, and it was for this reason it remained committed to eliminating cervical cancer as effectively as it can through nurses and colleagues facilitating the interventions.<br /> <br /> "Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus, however, girls can be protected by taking the vaccine as a preventative measure before they are exposed," Saayman said.<br /> <br /> For maximum effectiveness, the vaccine needs to be administered before any sexual activity or intimate contact occurs which means vaccinating as early as the age of nine.<br /> <br /> "Ensuring the second dose of HPV vaccination gives your daughter the appropriate defence in prevention of cervical cancer later on in life and gives you peace of mind in knowing your daughter is protected," Deputy Director in Child's Health, Sonia Botha said.<br /> <br /> Parents are encouraged to complete and return consent forms to schools.<br /> <br /> If you have any questions, parents or guardians are urged to speak to the school health nurse or a healthcare worker at your local clinic or family GP.

VAT on sanitary products: have we made progress?

Value-added tax (VAT) is a tax on the consumption of goods and services in South Africa, which means the purchaser bears the cost thereof. As a tax, it is apathetic and gender-neutral. It does not target any particular gender, race or religion because all purchasers of the same items equally bear the VAT cost on those items at the point of sale.<br /> <br /> Being broad-based, VAT is also non-selective about the type of product that is taxed. But gender-neutral is not always gender-equal.<br /> <br /> VAT is imposed at the standard rate of 15% on the taxable supply of goods and services in South Africa, unless a product qualifies to be zero rated. Zero rating is the most beneficial form of VAT treatment. It allows a purchaser to acquire a particular item without VAT while still allowing the seller to claim a VAT deduction on its expenses related to the making of those zero-rated sales. This makes the item truly VAT free.<br /> <br /> Where the final consumption in a supply chain is zero rated, government generally does not receive any revenue from that chain. Therefore, zero rating is a very important policy consideration as it has a direct impact on the fiscal budget.<br /> <br /> VAT is a simple and efficient way for the government to collect a large amount of revenue on a broad range of expenses. By its very design, the VAT system in South Africa is based on sound fiscal principles of neutrality, equity and efficiency. It aims to be neutral as regards a consumer's choice of production and distribution channels and it is simple in its administration<br /> <br /> It is not desirable for a VAT system to contain multiple VAT rates for different product types or a host of exceptions and exemptions, as this erodes the VAT base and increases the cost and complexity of compliance. Where concessions are made, such as the zero rating of certain products, these are carefully considered and intentionally limited to achieve particular policy objectives.<br /> <br /> From an equity perspective, VAT is regressive as the poor spend a greater proportion of their income on tax compared to higher-income earners. This is particularly relevant in a South African context where income inequality is extremely high.<br /> <br /> To limit the impact of VAT on the cost of basic items, Schedule 2 to the VAT Act contains a list of zero-rated products, predominantly comprised of various foodstuff. However, even with a basket of zero-rated items, VAT is a very blunt instrument to achieve equity in the system and, furthermore, does very little, if anything, to address gender-related challenges on a day-to-day basis.<br /> <br /> Because VAT targets consumption, it can indirectly and inadvertently create gender bias. VAT on sanitary products have long been seen as discriminatory against women and is colloquially referred to as a �pink tax'. Considering that women would require some form of menstrual hygiene product each month from around the age of 13 until 55, except when pregnant, they bear a substantial additional tax burden compared to men simply based on biology. Women have no choice in the matter and to tax such a predisposition seems inherently unfair.<br /> <br /> Due to the increase in the VAT rate from 14% to 15% on 1 April 2018, the Minister of Finance appointed a panel of independent experts to consider and review the list of zero-rated food items to limit the regressive impact of the tax on poor households. The Panel received over 2,000 submissions and a total of 66 expense items were considered, which included a number of non-food merit goods. Out of this, the Panel identified eight expense items for further consideration, including sanitary products.<br /> <br /> According to its report recommendations on zero ratings to the Minister, published on 6 August 2018, sanitary products were undoubtedly the most suggested addition to the list of items already zero-rated. The Panel acknowledged that women face a host of unfair obstacles to advancement in education and work; measures to improve their living conditions and reduce barriers to engagement in society must be given substantial weight. At the conclusion of its work, the Panel recommended that sanitary towels be zero rated, combined with the free provision of sanitary products to women and girls through hospitals and clinics.<br /> <br /> Therefore, with effect from 1 April 2019, the supply of [only] sanitary towels was zero rated.<br /> <br /> Notwithstanding the recommendations of the Panel, the list of zero-rated sanitary products is notably limited to sanitary towels (pads) and pantyliners made from various materials. No mention is made of other commonly used products such as tampons, menstrual cups or even period underwear.<br /> <br /> In order to acquire any of the excluded items, a purchaser would have to pay 15% more as a result of VAT. This goes against the neutrality principle of a VAT system which requires consumer choices to be unaffected by VAT.<br /> <br /> By having excluded certain sanitary products, it would appear that South Africa inadvertently introduced a �luxury tax' on these items as only higher income earners could afford to forgo VAT-free products in favour of more expensive ones. But every woman will tell you that menstrual hygiene products are not a luxury. These products are critical for reproductive health and essential for human dignity, which includes the right to choose.<br /> <br /> It is equally essential to preserve the simplicity of the South African VAT system by avoiding the complex task of having to accurately classify each product of the same hygiene category in order to be taxed according to a particular VAT rate.<br /> <br /> Further, it seems that when South Africa added sanitary products to the zero-rated list, it prioritised the regressivity of VAT (by attempting to make it more affordable for lower-income earners to have access to some sanitary products) and not necessarily to improve gender inequality in the system, which means there is still a lot of work to be done to achieve equal rights for all women in society regardless of their income level.<br /> <br /> More and more women are making up a bigger component of the economy and they provide a significant contribution to society on various fronts, be it at home or in the workplace. Given that VAT is a consumption-based tax and that women's menstrual needs are here to stay, it seems to be a missed opportunity for South Africa to have achieved much more in terms of gender equality.<br /> <br /> * Giles is an executive at ENSafrica and a Chartered Tax Advisor with the South African Institute of Taxation (Sait)

Health stakeholders reveal the issues that threaten preparation for future pandemics

Inequalities in many low and middle-income countries, fragile health systems and inadequate financing are said to threaten pandemic preparedness for global health security. <br /> <br /> Health Minister Joe Phaahla, the African Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Africa Health Business and the South African Chapter of the BRICS Business Council co-hosted a dialogue on Monday. <br /> <br /> The dialogue deliberated on a potential African Union (AU) and BRICS framework of cooperation with regard to Pandemic Preparedness, Prevention, Response and Recovery (PPPRR).<br /> <br /> The 15th BRICS Summit was held last week at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg.<br /> <br /> Last week, while making remarks on closing the gap in preparation for future pandemics, Phaahla said South Africa was challenged by inadequate expertise and capacity in epidemiology and surveillance, health economics, governance and community participation in times of pandemic or health emergencies. <br /> <br /> The stakeholders acknowledged that many forums dealt with global and regional PPPRR.<br /> <br /> They highlighted the reality of the shifting centres of global power, pointing out that the expanded BRICS family now represented 4.8 billion people, which was over half of the worldwide populatio<br /> <br /> Stavros Nicolaou, a member of the BRICS Business Council, said the Covid-19 pandemic exposed significant and vast global health inequities, particularly on the African continent. <br /> <br /> Nicolaou said: <br /> <br /> The stakeholders agreed that more work was needed to diversify manufacturing and to support Africa's manufacturing targets, along with ensuring that primary healthcare was fully developed.<br /> <br /> Jean Kaseya, the director-general of the Africa CDC, said the dialogue underscored a collective need to fortify health security and adaptability, extending beyond respective national boundaries. <br /> <br /> Phaahla said, as BRICS member states, they needed to solidify their efforts to promote digital health technologies across health systems to strengthen information sharing.<br /> <br /> "At the country level, there is a commitment to develop and implement legislative measures for PPPRR. I am glad that BRICS member states have reaffirmed and committed to implementing global, regional and national actions to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and response, and to fully address the direct and indirect consequences of current and future pandemics," Phaahla said.<br /> <br /> The stakeholders committed to collaborating with the business sector.

Pharmacists can now prescribe medication directly to HIV patients. What this means for SA's fight against HIV/Aids

In a groundbreaking decision that promises to reshape South Africa's fight against HIV and AIDS, the Pretoria High Court has given the green light to the Pharmacist-Initiated Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (PIMART).<br /> <br /> This move, hailed by the South African Pharmacy Council (SAPC) - the nation's pharmacy profession regulator - is set to significantly expand access to life-saving treatments.<br /> <br /> South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV worldwide.<br /> <br /> The SAPC said the High Court's affirmation, "confirmed our long-held view that PIMART is a competently designed and necessary intervention to bolster South Africa's fight against HIV and AIDS."<br /> <br /> This after an association representing a small number of medical practitioners sought to stop the implementation of PIMART.<br /> <br /> The council said the introduction of PIMART is expected to alleviate the strain on an already overburdened healthcare system.<br /> <br /> It offers a more immediate route to improved quality of life and longevity for those diagnosed with HIV and AIDS.<br /> <br /> "The programme ensures that patients diagnosed can now be initiated into treatment more swiftly within the multidisciplinary health care team, which now proudly counts pharmacists among its ranks," the SAPC said in a statement..<br /> <br /> This initiative aligns seamlessly with the nation's ambitious goals and the UNAIDS 95-95-95 strategy.<br /> <br /> The strategy aims for 95% of Persons Living with HIV and Aids (PLWA) to be aware of their status, 95% of these individuals to be on treatment, and 95% of those on treatment to achieve viral suppression.<br /> <br /> With PIMART in action, these targets seem more achievable than ever, the association believes.<br /> <br /> Pharmacy giant, Dis-Chem welcomed the court ruling that, in addition to HIV medication, allows pharmacists to prescribe medicine to tuberculosis patients.<br /> <br /> "We applaud any move which will expand access to HIV services. This decision ties into our healthcare ambitions and focus to provide integrated primary healthcare to a greater number of consumers, aimed at increasing access, reducing cost, and delivering better health outcomes for more South Africans. HIV and TB place significant burdens on the broader healthcare system so moves to improve access and availability of first line antiretrovirals and TB-preventative medicine is critical to improving the health outcomes of people living with HIV," Tanya Ponter, executive manager at Dis-Chem said.<br /> <br /> "Primary healthcare is gaining widespread recognition as being the "front door" of the healthcare system, and pharmacies are ideally positioned as a fundamental entry point to first line treatment protocols and the wider healthcare ecosystem," she says.<br /> <br /> Ponter says Dis-Chem already has more than 400-PIMART trained pharmacists and nursing practitioners who will fully abide by the expanded scope of practice and competency standards published by the SAPC, and applications for the necessary Section 22 (15A) permits will now be made to the Department of Health so that the service can be offered to customers.<br /> <br /> This means that from today, , pharmacists will stand shoulder to shoulder with other primary health care practitioners, playing a pivotal role in the provision of first-line antiretroviral treatment, as well as crucial HIV testing and prevention services.<br /> <br /> The essence of PIMART is collaboration. It seeks to foster a cohesive approach with other healthcare professionals, including nurses and doctors, to provide HIV care that aligns with national treatment guidelines.<br /> <br /> This is all with the overarching goal of enhancing the quality of life for PLWA and curbing the escalating HIV infection rate.<br /> <br /> This initiative also resonates with President Cyril Ramaphosa's 2018 pledge to bring two million more HIV-positive individuals under treatment in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> Understanding PIMART<br /> At its core, PIMART is a pharmacist-led initiative that empowers pharmacists to join the frontline in combating the surge of HIV infections in South Africa.<br /> <br /> It addresses the pressing issue of treatment adherence among PLWA and aims to reduce the alarming number of preventable HIV-related fatalities. With the backing of Section 22A(15) of the Medicines and Related Substances Act, 101 of 1965, trained pharmacists can now administer primary treatment or, in intricate cases, direct patients to specialists for advanced care.<br /> <br /> Beyond the immediate health benefits, the programme could also provide some relief to the nation's stretched health budget, which dedicates nearly half its funds to HIV. By curbing new infections, ensuring treatment adherence, and streamlining the referral process, medical observers say that PIMART could be the game-changer in treating South Africa's sick.

Nutrition specialist and body-builder Makgato Maite opens up about surviving abuse, child loss and depression

Spending time on social media can be derailing, but sometimes you learn valuable lessons. Scrolling through TikTok landed me on the account of Makgato Maite, a nutrition specialist and body-builder who is the epitome of strength and resilience.<br /> <br /> In a 17-part video series on TikTok, the former Miss Limpopo (2015) spoke about surviving abuse, losing a child and finding herself all over again.<br /> <br /> After finishing matric, Maite left home to live with her boyfriend at the time. She had no ambition and would follow the guy everywhere he went.<br /> <br /> A few months into cohabiting, the guy started cheating. What made things worse was that he cheated on her with her best friend.<br /> <br /> "He was not just cheating on me, he was cheating with people close to me. He went to the extent of cheating with my best friend, a woman that I trusted with all my heart and considered a sister."<br /> <br /> As a beauty queen titleholder, Maite decided to distract herself by coaching girls on how to model. All was well until her boyfriend started asking out the girls she was coaching. The boyfriend eventually dated one of the girls.<br /> <br /> But that didn't stop Maite from being in a relationship with him. Instead, she fell pregnant, hoping that he would change. And he did change but for the worst. He became physically abusive to Maite, more so after she caught him with his new girl at a restaurant and confronted them.<br /> <br /> "When I entered the shop, I saw the girl sitting on his lap. I had a can of cold drink in my hand, and because I was angry and miserable, I hit the girl with the can on her head. I am not proud of that, but that's what happened. There was a lot of commotion, and when one of the ladies working at the shop saw the fight, she chased us out."<br /> <br /> When they got home, the couple carried on fighting until Maite fell on her tummy, and that's when she decided to stop. She was six months pregnant at the time and, a month later, she gave birth to a premature baby boy.<br /> <br /> "My baby wasn't fine, he couldn't breathe on his own. They had to transfer us to Mankweng Hospital and we stayed there for two months. At the hospital, my boyfriend wasn't showing up for me or the baby. He would make occasional visits once after two weeks or so.<br /> <br /> "Luckily my family was there for me. My mom came to see me every day after work. My sister and my dad would come every weekend. They were there for me, and that's what kept me strong."<br /> <br /> <br /> Depression hit her when she was in the hospital and her child's health started deteriorating. The baby struggled with his breathing and was diagnosed with jaundice but prayer kept him alive.<br /> <br /> Eventually, they were discharged from the hospital and Maite when back to her boyfriend while the baby remained home with her family.<br /> <br /> "I allowed this boy back into my life. My family was surprised. My mom was shocked. She said, �Maite, after everything, are you really bringing this guy back into your life?' I told her I wanted to give him another chance, maybe things will be different."

WHO launches One life, one liver campaign on World Hepatitis Day

To mark World Hepatitis Day, WHO is calling for scaling up testing and treatment for viral hepatitis, warning that the disease could kill more people than malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV combined by 2040, if current infection trends continue.<br /> <br /> Hepatitis causes liver damage and cancer and kills over a million people annually. Of the 5 types of hepatitis infections, hepatitis B and C cause most of the disease and deaths. Hepatitis C can be cured; however, only 21% of people living with hepatitis C infection are diagnosed and only 13% have received curative treatment. Just 10% of people living with chronic hepatitis B are diagnosed, and only 2% of those infected are receiving the lifesaving medicine.<br /> <br /> Under the theme of "One life, one liver", WHO's World Hepatitis Day campaign highlights the importance of protecting the liver against hepatitis for living a long, healthy life. Good liver health also benefits other vital organs - including the heart, brain and kidneys - that rely on the liver to function.<br /> <br /> "Millions of people are living with undiagnosed and untreated hepatitis worldwide, even though we have better tools than ever to prevent, diagnose and treat it," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. "WHO remains committed to supporting countries to expand the use of those tools, including increasingly cost-effective curative medication, to save lives and end hepatitis."<br /> <br /> WHO will share new guidance to track countries' progress on the path to the elimination of hepatitis by 2030. To reduce new infections and deaths from hepatitis B and C, countries must: ensure access to treatment for all pregnant women living with hepatitis B, provide hepatitis B vaccines for their babies at birth, diagnose 90% of people living with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C, and provide treatment to 80% of all people diagnosed with hepatitis. They must also act to ensure optimal blood transfusion, safe injections and harm reduction. <br /> <br /> Vaccination, testing and treatment - vital opportunities to protect your liver from hepatitis<br /> <br /> The reduction of hepatitis B infections in children through vaccination is a key intervention to limit viral hepatitis infections overall. The target for hepatitis B incidence is the only Sustainable Development Goals' (SDG) health target that was met in 2020 and is on track for 2030. However, many countries in Africa do not have access to the birth dose hepatitis B vaccines. Gavi's recent restart of its Vaccine Investment Strategy 2018 - which includes the birth dose hepatitis B vaccine - will jumpstart newborn vaccination programmes in west and central Africa, where mother-to-child hepatitis B transmission rates remain very high.<br /> <br /> To help eliminate mother-to-child transmission, WHO recommends that all pregnant women should be tested for hepatitis B during their pregnancy. If positive, they should receive treatment and vaccines should be provided to their newborns. However, a new WHO report shows that of the 64 countries with a policy, only 32 countries reported implementing activities to screen for and manage hepatitis B in antenatal clinics.<br /> <br /> The report also shows that of the 103 countries that reported, 80% have policies to screen and manage hepatitis B in HIV clinics, with 65% doing the same for hepatitis C. Increasing hepatitis testing and treatment within HIV programmes will protect people living with HIV from developing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.<br /> <br /> After years of increasing treatment rates, the rise in the number of people accessing hepatitis C curative treatment is slowing. WHO advocates for taking advantage of price reductions in medication to reaccelerate progress in expanding treatment. A 12-week course of medication to cure hepatitis C now costs 60 US dollars for low-income countries, down from the original costs of more than 90 000 US dollars when first introduced in high-income countries. Treatment for hepatitis B costs less than 30 US dollars per year ($2.4 US dollars per month).<br /> <br /> For people who want to maintain liver health, WHO recommends hepatitis testing, treatment if diagnosed, and vaccination against hepatitis B. Reducing alcohol consumption, achieving a healthy weight, and managing diabetes or hypertension also benefit liver health. <br /> <br /> By WHO

Netcare launches new app

The new Netcare app puts patients at the heart of healthcare.<br /> <br /> In a technological first for South African hospital groups, the recently launched Netcare app provides instant digital access, empowering users to manage their healthcare while helping them overcome the challenges and complexities many people experience when seeking medical care.<br /> <br /> Dr Richard Friedland, chief executive officer of Netcare, notes that the first release of the Netcare app enhances the patient journey from the palm of the hand, further supporting the Group as it moves away from episodic and siloed care towards an engaged person centred patient experience.<br /> <br /> The Netcare app includes features such as enhanced emergency response capabilities, digital medical record management and streamlined hospital admission processes.<br /> <br /> One of the primary features developed on the app is a contact button for Netcare 911, which includes a 60-second call back option while enabling the emergency medical response operator to immediately geolocate the exact position of the user without the need for any additional steps, such as text messages.<br /> <br /> This allows for even faster response times in cases where the caller cannot give their precise location. At the same time, users can track how long it will take for help to arrive at the scene - a feature that provides greater peace of mind in what is inevitably a stressful time.<br /> <br /> Sonja Winter, chief marketing and communications officer at Netcare notes that the key to an empowered patient journey is immediate access to consolidated medical records, which the app provides through the Summary of Care functionality.<br /> <br /> "Netcare 911 is the first of our operations to provide a digital Summary of Care - a record summarising the emergency care received, which patients can view on the Netcare app anytime they wish to. This is the just the beginning of our efforts to provide patients with more integrated and lasting access to information, with the Netcare app becoming a central repository of their medical records across other divisions in the Group.<br /> <br /> "Furthermore, the app - which is integrated with doctors' schedules in our primary care division - provides a new level of convenience for users wishing to make an appointment with a nearby healthcare practitioner, or via a secure platform that enables online consultation as well as digital medical certificates and prescriptions, at affordable set rates," she explained.<br /> <br /> "Those needing to book with a specialist can interact with Netcare Appointmed via the app, for assistance in finding the most appropriate healthcare provider to address their concern."<br /> <br /> The Netcare hospital admissions process, which has been increasingly simplified in recent years, is now made all the more straightforward with the introduction of the app, which allows for quick and easy digital pre-admission, including uploading medical scheme information and identity documents.<br /> <br /> Upon arriving at a Netcare hospital or Netcare Medicross day theatre, patients need to simply visit the online admissions desk and present their digital admission card on the app for a faster and entirely paperless process.<br /> <br /> And, in answer to the growing demand for a centralised healthcare experience, the app also enables patients to purchase gap cover from NetcarePlus, further increasing healthcare access and convenience, with more features like this to be added in time.<br /> <br /> "We firmly believe that when it comes to your health, no decisions should be made about you, without you - in other words, you as the patient should be at the heart of your overall healthcare experience. Empowering you to participate in your care is therefore imperative and now more achievable than ever with the instant digital access this app provides," concluded Dr Friedland.

Junior doctors in Limpopo 'sitting at home unemployed', waiting for placement

Every year in January and July, the placement of junior doctors for medical internships or community service has become an issue as many are left unsure about their future in the medical field. <br /> <br /> The SA Medical Association (SAMA) said the public healthcare system relied on the placement of interns and community service doctors to increase its staff complement.<br /> <br /> SAMA spokesperson Dr Mvuyisi Mzukwa said mid-year placement had been managed better than the previous cycle, with 105 interns and 363 community service doctors being placed.<br /> <br /> "A few medical students and interns have struggled to be placed. The department has been alerted to these and is addressing them on a case-by-case basis," Mzukwa added. <br /> <br /> He said enrolment at medical schools needed to double to curtail a shortage of healthcare workers. <br /> <br /> "There are currently 0.88 doctors per 1 000 patients in South Africa. This does not bode well for providing quality health outcomes to patients. The health authorities have to address the filing of vacancies in public hospitals," Mzukwa added.<br /> <br /> Recruiting unemployed doctors was key in ensuring vacancies were filled and quality healthcare was provided to patients, he said. <br /> <br /> Last week, the national Department of Health announced it had finalised the placement of more than 1 100 medical interns and junior doctors on the Internship and Community Service Programme.<br /> <br /> However, junior doctors, who were allocated to public hospitals in Limpopo for their compulsory community service, are yet to start working.<br /> <br /> READ | Health dept announces placements for medical interns, junior doctors 3 days before start date<br /> <br /> Department spokesperson Foster Mohale said applicants were told to report for duty on 1 July, and only those who applied on the department's application portal were considered. <br /> <br /> The 79 affected junior doctors applied via the portal and were accepted by the national department.<br /> <br /> Mohale said he had referred the matter to the department's national coordinator, Nkosinathi Mjoli, to "check and advise accordingly".<br /> <br /> He referred News24's queries to the Limpopo health department.<br /> <br /> Junior doctors who were placed in other provinces started their community service as planned, but the 79 who were placed in Limpopo have not as they have not yet signed their contracts with the provincial health department.<br /> <br /> Earlier this month, News24 reported how medical interns and junior doctors in Gauteng still had not heard where they would be placed as part of the Internship and Community Service Programme.<br /> <br /> One frustrated junior doctor, Sizwe*, told News24 on Tuesday they were no different from the unemployed masses.<br /> <br /> Another, Jane*, said they were informed they would be placed at Seshego Hospital in Polokwane.<br /> <br /> Jane said: <br /> I accepted my placement, but the Limpopo health HR has failed to officially place me. I am now sitting at home unemployed and unable to fulfil my constitutional right to earn a living. I cannot be employed as a doctor elsewhere without doing my community service. They must either place us or release us from the obligation of doing community service.<br /> Another junior doctor, August*, who was placed at Jane Furse Hospital, said they were shocked clinical managers and hospital HR departments were not informed of their cohort.<br /> <br /> "The provincial HR department handles our appointments, but our appointments are not finalised. Some people called and were told they are waiting for approval.<br /> <br /> "We have been trying to speak to different clinical managers of the hospitals as we have been split all across the hospitals. None of the clinical managers knows about us. They just knew via us calling them."<br /> <br /> Another doctor, Zodwa*, said they had been waiting for a placement for the past three months.<br /> <br /> "I have been unemployed for three months. Meanwhile, I have rent to pay, and the bills are piling up. No one is saying anything. We want to know when we are going to sign the contracts so that we can start working."<br /> <br /> DA Limpopo health spokesperson Risham Maharaj said they had received complaints from doctors who were meant to start work on 1 July but were now stranded and unemployed after their two-year medical internships concluded at the end of June.<br /> <br /> Maharaj added: <br /> These doctors were placed at health facilities in the province on a list shared with them on 27 June but were seemingly told that there are funding issues and challenges in filling all the posts. None of these doctors has received appointment letters, been offered employment contracts, or been contacted by the hospitals they have been placed to start work.<br /> He said the poor planning by the Limpopo health department was unacceptable as much-needed community service doctors were now effectively unemployed.<br /> <br /> "These doctors come from all over the country and cannot be expected to uproot their whole lives at a day or two of notice."<br /> <br /> Limpopo health spokesperson Neil Shikwambana shifted the blame to the national health department, saying it oversaw community service allocations, not the provinces.<br /> <br /> "Provinces have never allocated interns or community services."<br /> <br /> Source: News24

Black women face 'systemic racism' in health care across Americas: UN

Black women throughout the Americas - and in particular the United States - face health care mistreatment due to "systemic racism," leading to high death rates during childbirth, the United Nations warned on Wednesday.<br /> <br /> Maternal mortality among women of African origin is "alarmingly high," both in absolute terms and when compared to non-black and non-Indigenous women in the region, according to a damning new report by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) reviewing nine countries in the Americas.<br /> <br /> The study drew on data from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States and Uruguay.<br /> <br /> "Structural racism and sexism are evident in maternal health disparities that exist across income levels and national and regional borders," the report said.<br /> <br /> The disparities are sharpest in the United States, where non-Hispanic African American women and girls are three times more likely to die while pregnant or within six weeks of giving birth than the country's non-Hispanic white women.<br /> <br /> Black women are also 2.5 times more likely than white women to die in childbirth in Suriname, and 1.6 times more likely in Brazil and Colombia.<br /> <br /> High maternal mortality among black women in the Americas is often attributed to "their individual failure to seek timely treatment, poor lifestyle choices or hereditary predispositions," the UNFPA said.<br /> <br /> But the UN's sexual and reproductive health agency "categorically refutes these misconceptions," instead linking such discrepancies to a "systemic and historical pattern of racist abuse in the health sector" across North, Central and South America.<br /> <br /> UNFPA Executive Director Natalia Kanem said in a statement:<br /> <br /> The scourge of racism continues for black women and girls in the Americas, many of whom are descendants of the victims of enslavement.<br /> "Too often, Afrodescendent women and girls are abused and mistreated, their needs are not taken seriously, and their families are shattered by the preventable death of a loved one during childbirth."<br /> <br /> The region's black women and girls "are disadvantaged before, during and after pregnancy," the report stated, with UNFPA pointing in particular to the prejudices that persist in medical education.<br /> <br /> For example, black women in labor are more often deprived of anesthesia on the false pretext they are less sensitive to pain, or refused painkillers because they are seen to be more likely than white women to become addicted, the report said.<br /> <br /> It also slammed "verbal and physical abuse" by health care staff.<br /> <br /> As a result, black women face increased complications during pregnancy and delayed health interventions, "which too often result in death," the report said.<br /> <br /> Source: News24

New blood test can reveal genetic abnormalities in foetuses early in pregnancy

For years, scientists have been working on developing a less invasive method of testing for genetic foetal abnormalities.<br /> <br /> Currently, pregnant women whose foetuses are at high risk of having these abnormalities undergo chorionic villus sampling (CVS).<br /> <br /> CVS is a placenta test that involves a needle being inserted through the mother's stomach.<br /> <br /> At present, the procedure is the mostaccurate test for chromosomal diseases such as Down's Syndrome but it can be uncomfortable for the woman and carries a 0.5 per cent risk of miscarriage.<br /> <br /> But now, researchers from Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark have succeeded in finding a new method with almost the same level of accuracy as the placenta test.<br /> <br /> This new method, dubbed EVITA, is a type of blood test which isolates foetal cells from the pregnant woman's blood.<br /> <br /> Around ten foetus cells are isolated from some 200 million cells found in the woman's blood sample. The research team says this is more than enough DNA to do a genetic analysis.<br /> <br /> In addition to that, researchers expect that EVITA will also be able to show minor chromosomal defects.<br /> <br /> "For now, the new blood test can reveal a number of chromosomal diseases - even more than the already existing blood test - but in the future, we will be able to find many more diseases," Ida Vogel, Professor of foetal diagnosis at the Department of Women and Childbirth at Aarhus University, told Danish broadcaster, DR.<br /> <br /> "In the long run, you might get the opportunity to screen for diseases that you cannot currently examine for during pregnancy, but only when the child is born. Including cystic fibrosis," said Vogel.<br /> <br /> She adds that it might be a reality in three to five years. Other diseases that the test could potentially identify include dwarfism and muscle wasting.<br /> <br /> Arcedi, a private company that collaborated with hospitals in Denmark, describes EVITA as "groundbreaking".<br /> <br /> "We think there is huge potential in the new test. We are the first in the world to come out with the new technology," Lotte Hatt, the scientific manager at Arcedi, told DR.<br /> <br /> Mette Frederiksen, a Danish pregnant woman, thinks the new blood test sounds promising.<br /> <br /> "A blood test seems like something completely normal and tangible, it doesn't seem scary to me. The placenta test, on the other hand, sounds really unpleasant, and there is also a small risk of miscarriage. I think it would be fantastic if it became an option to get the new blood test," said Frederiksen.<br /> <br /> New ethical questions may arise<br /> <br /> Foetal cells can be found in a mother's blood sample from the 10th to the 15th week of the pregnancy. In Denmark, women have the right to an abortion up until the end of the 12th week of pregnancy.<br /> <br /> This means parents will be able to find out whether the foetus will be born with genetic abnormalities early on in the pregnancy.<br /> <br /> "We need to talk about the fact that only some diseases need to be examined for, and what is the real purpose of wanting to examine the foetus," Ida Donkin, a doctor and a member of the Danish National Center for Ethics, said.<br /> <br /> She highlights that the test can already be purchased and carried out before the limit for legal abortion.<br /> <br /> "It is no longer a question of whether you want a child at all - then it becomes a question of whether I want this particular child," said Donkin.<br /> <br /> "How much is it okay to find out about the future child before the limit for free abortion".<br /> <br /> The Danish National Center for Ethics expects to come up with a recommendation regarding foetal diagnostics and abortion limits in the autumn.<br /> <br /> The new blood test is not part of the public offer in Denmark yet, but the developers of EVITA hope it can be approved for that.<br /> <br /> It's already available at private hospitals and midwifery clinics in Denmark at a price of around �1,600.

SA Aids 2023: New treatments, guidelines to benefit kids, with more advances on horizon

Several sessions at the 11th SA Aids conference, recently held in Durban, highlighted the worrying fact key HIV numbers such as treatment coverage are much lower in children than in adults.<br /> <br /> There is hope, however, new treatments and new treatment guidelines might help close the gap.<br /> <br /> In a plenary session, Dr Sandile Buthelezi, the director-general of the national Department of Health, told delegates that on UNAids' 95-95-95 targets, children in South Africa were at 81-65-68.<br /> <br /> This means 81% of children living with HIV have been diagnosed, 65% of those diagnosed are on antiretroviral treatment, and 68% of those on treatment are virally suppressed.<br /> <br /> For the South African population as a whole, the numbers are 94-76-92.<br /> <br /> Throughout the conference, various speakers highlighted that only 65% of children, who have been diagnosed, were on treatment as a particular concern.<br /> <br /> To close the gap and reach UNAids' target of 95%, just over an additional 88 000 children would need to be initiated on treatment.<br /> <br /> The director of maternal and child health at Wits RHI, Professor Lee Fairlie, said only 52% of children younger than 14 living with HIV were on treatment.<br /> <br /> Fairlie also pointed out children lagged behind substantially when it came to viral suppression, and this was particularly challenging in the youngest age groups.<br /> <br /> Not all bad news<br /> <br /> But it was not all bad news at this year's conference.<br /> <br /> One piece of good news is new and better child-friendly antiretroviral formulations are being rolled out in South Africa.<br /> <br /> These new treatments should make it easier for children to start and stay on treatment - children often find it difficult to take medicines formulated for adults, due to factors like incorrect dosing, large pills, and bad taste.<br /> <br /> The national Department of Health recently updated the country's antiretroviral treatment guidelines to allow for the use of several of these new formulations and better HIV treatment regimens for children.<br /> <br /> Most notable is the introduction of a new regimen consisting of the medicines abacavir, lamivudine and dolutegravir (ALD).<br /> <br /> Speaking at the conference, Dr Leon Levin, a paediatrician who has been treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV for almost three decades, pointed out the availability of new paediatric formulations had a major impact on the new treatment guidelines.<br /> <br /> (Spotlight previously reported on the registration of some of these new formulations here.)<br /> <br /> Levin is also the senior technical advisor in paediatrics at the NGO Right to Care.<br /> <br /> One such child-friendly formulation is a 120/60mg scored, dispersible tablet of abacavir and lamivudine that can be taken in patients who weigh between three and 25kg.<br /> <br /> It is given once daily, and two generics are registered with the SA Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA).<br /> <br /> Levin said:<br /> <br /> Also important is a paediatric formulation of the antiretroviral dolutegravir - a medicine that forms the backbone of HIV treatment in adults.<br /> <br /> According to Levin, the child friendly version of dolutegravir was not available to everyone yet, and many clinicians still needed to undergo training on how to use it.<br /> <br /> It is a 10mg dispersible, scored tablet given once daily that can be used at 3kg and higher and from four weeks of age onward.<br /> <br /> There are two generic versions of this product registered with SAHPRA.<br /> <br /> The introduction of paediatric dolutegravir is likely to overshadow the introduction of a four-in-one formulation of abacavir, lamivudine, lopinavir/ritonavir.<br /> <br /> The four-in-one combination must be taken twice daily, is strawberry flavoured and comes in a powder form.<br /> <br /> "Unfortunately, this product due to nobody's fault was launched at the same time as paediatric dolutegravir.<br /> <br /> "Which means paediatric dolutegravir is going to take centre stage and this product unfortunately is not going to be used much," Levin said.<br /> <br /> Updated guidelines<br /> <br /> He added the changes to South Africa's treatment guidelines focused on doing two main things when it came to children living with HIV.<br /> <br /> The first was to implement an optimised regimen - the ALD regimen and the second was to create an "enabling environment to support engagement in care and adherence".<br /> <br /> Levin said with the new guidelines, "we can expect much improved [viral] suppression, optimised regimens, improved synchronisation of clinic visits, happier patients and their families and clinicians as well".<br /> <br /> A big change to the guidelines is that now children who weigh 3kg and are four weeks of age should be started on the ALD regimen, instead of the abacavir, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir regimen that was previously recommended.<br /> <br /> Levin said:<br /> <br /> Once the children on this regimen get to 30kg, they will be switched to a regimen containing tenofovir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine (TLD).<br /> <br /> TLD is also the regimen adults living with HIV in South Africa are offered when starting treatment for the first time.<br /> <br /> For children who are already on treatment, the new guidelines recommend that all children who are four weeks of age and older and weigh 3kg or more should be transitioned to a dolutegravir-containing regimen.<br /> <br /> For children with suppressed viral loads, the switch to ALD or TLD is straightforward, while for children without viral suppression, it can get more complicated.<br /> <br /> Another important change is children over five years of age are now eligible for repeat prescription collection strategies (RPCs) if they are virally suppressed and had an age-appropriate disclosure, which means their HIV status has been explained to them in a way that is appropriate for their age, as outlined in the guidelines.<br /> <br /> For children under five, they can be given a three-months supply at a time, providing they are at least six months old.<br /> <br /> Levin pointed out whenever RCPs or a three-months supply was considered for children, it was essential to look at where and how the parents might be receiving their own antiretroviral treatment so it could be coordinated, and parents did not have to go to two different places to collect the medications.<br /> <br /> New options in the pipeline<br /> <br /> While the paediatric formulations included in the new guidelines are a step forward, there are experimental treatments in the pipeline that may make treatment yet more convenient for children.<br /> <br /> "There's a rich pipeline of new combinations and drug delivery developments.<br /> <br /> "Hopefully, this will further improve access, clinical and virological outcomes," Fairlie said in a conference presentation.<br /> <br /> "Obviously, the paediatric market is extremely small and then one has to maintain enthusiasm for manufacturers to actually continue to look at the paediatric population.<br /> <br /> "And so, merging of treatments and prophylaxis regimens is really what would work going forwards."<br /> <br /> ALSO READ | Gauteng health dept underspending of 5% or less 'not a train smash', says committee chair<br /> <br /> In her presentation, she specifically referred to long-acting formulations of cabotegravir (CAB-LA) and rilpivirine (RPV).<br /> <br /> CAB-LA has already been approved by SAHPRA for HIV prevention in adults and, as Spotlight reported last week, pilot projects evaluating how to best provide the CAB-LA injection in South Africa were set to start soon.<br /> <br /> The combination of CAB-LA and rilpivirine injections has been approved for the treatment of HIV in adults by the US Food and Drug Administration, but not yet by SAHPRA.<br /> <br /> The injections are administered every two months.<br /> <br /> Fairlie said currently there were several studies either ongoing or set to start soon for the use of these agents in the paediatric and adolescent age groups.<br /> <br /> In addition, there are also trials planned to test another long-acting medication called lenacapavir in adolescents and broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) in children.<br /> <br /> She highlighted several improved delivery methods that were in the pipeline for paediatrics.<br /> <br /> These include a mechanism that does n'ot require water, like oro-dispersible tablets, also known as fast melts, which disintegrate in the mouth as well as oral films that stick to the mouth, disintegrate there, and dissolve.<br /> <br /> There are also various tablet options that are small enough for children to swallow easily.<br /> <br /> Like multi-particulates, which are small and solid, multiple-unit dosages that can take the form of granules, pellets, or beads.<br /> <br /> Mini-tablets are also a prospect - these are compressed tablets no larger than 4ml.<br /> <br /> Finally, there are novel mechanisms like long-acting oral drug delivery systems and micro-array patches.<br /> <br /> Fairlie said long-acting oral drugs were where a drug was stored in the centre of a capsule that had a number of "arms", which are able to keep the capsule in the stomach and slowly dissolve and release the drug into the stomach.<br /> <br /> This allows for slow-release dosing.<br /> <br /> The "arms" tend to break down after about seven days.

Gogo, 80, can see again after successful cataract op at rural hospital

Jeminah Ngobese had to pinch herself when she removed her eye pads and saw a smiling doctor next to her in hospital.<br /> <br /> The 80-year-old gogo, from KwaNongoma in KwaZulu-Natal, had gone blind three years ago.<br /> <br /> On Monday, she received cataract surgery at Mosvold District Hospital in Ingwavuma, about 410km from Durban.<br /> <br /> It is a 186-bed district hospital, which sees about eight to 10 patients a week for cataract surgeries. <br /> <br /> According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), cataract surgeries are among the most cost-effective health interventions.<br /> <br /> Yet, cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in Africa.<br /> <br /> The WHO projected that, by 2050, there could be 115 million blind people.<br /> <br /> A cataract is a clouding of the eye's crystalline lens which focuses light and produces clear images.<br /> <br /> A cataract is caused by a protein build-up in the lens, which prevents light from passing through it clearly.<br /> <br /> Ngobese said that, at first, she could not believe she could see again. She had to close and open her eyes, just to be sure.<br /> <br /> She said:<br /> <br /> It was three years back when I started having eye problems. One day I woke up to complete darkness. I realised I had lost my eyesight. I now had to depend on people to do the most simple things. I had to learn to use a walking stick in my old age.<br /> She said she used to collect her medication at Hlabisa Hospital, three hours away from Mosvold.<br /> <br /> "The medication did not help and, this year, they made an appointment for me to come to this hospital. I was scared at first when I was told about the operation. I did not think a rural hospital could do that - I thought they would send me to a hospital in the city," she said.<br /> <br /> "I am excited that the operation was successful and I can finally see. I can't wait to get home to see if my things are still in place."<br /> <br /> Dr Hennie Hamilton, a medical manager at Mosvold District Hospital, said one of its big programmes was cataract operations.<br /> <br /> "It gives us joy to make a difference in people's lives as a rural health hospital," Hamilton said.<br /> <br /> But, he added, the biggest issue in terms of surgeries currently was that there was only one surgeon.

Health dept announces placements for medical interns, junior doctors 3 days before start date

The Department of Health says it has finalised the placement of more than 1 100 medical interns and junior doctors for the medical internship and community service programme.<br /> <br /> This days before they are due to start working on 1 July.<br /> <br /> Earlier this month, News24 reported how medical interns and junior doctors in Gauteng still had not heard where they would be placed as part of the Internship and Community Service Programme (ICSP).<br /> <br /> An email, seen by News24, informed the doctors they would receive word of their allocations on or by 13 June.<br /> <br /> But they had still not received any communication from the department well after this date.<br /> <br /> The Gauteng health department did not respond to questions from News24 about the delay.<br /> <br /> On Thursday, the national department said it had completed the allocation process which would enable 1 134 eligible medical interns and junior doctors to start working on 1 July.<br /> <br /> Its spokesperson, Foster Mohale, said applicants had already been informed to report for duty on 1 July, and only those who applied on the department's application portal was considered. <br /> <br /> "According to ICSP placement guidelines, stricter rules have been applied in line with Public Service Regulations 2016, Public Service Act, 1994 as amended and the Immigration Act of 2002.<br /> <br /> "Priority is given to eligible South African citizens followed by permanent residents, and if resources are still available foreign nationals may be considered."<br /> <br /> Mohale said the results had been sent to provincial departments of health, the SA Military Health Services and Department of Correctional Services. <br /> <br /> "In addition, 36 medical community service doctors will be eligible from 1 August, and their allocation will be finalised in the first week of July with the provincial departments of health.<br /> <br /> "All final-year medical students who will become eligible after 1 July can only be allocated in the annual cycle of January 2024." <br /> <br /> He added this was to ensure compliance with the prescribed rotation domains of training as stipulated in the Health Professions Council of South Africa internship guidelines.<br /> <br /> Mohale said provinces would also process the appointment of qualifying personnel, and the department was not under any contractual obligation until a formal appointment was confirmed.<br /> <br /> Despite the government's announcement, it appears some junior doctors, including some on government bursaries, remain in limbo.<br /> <br /> A 29-year-old junior doctor based in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, must pack his bag and return home to Zululand if he is not placed for community service before Monday next week.<br /> <br /> He is one of a small group still waiting to be placed for community services.<br /> <br /> Speaking to News 24 on Thursday, a junior doctor, who requested not to be identified for fear of victimisation, said he would complete his internship on Friday.<br /> <br /> "I am left with a couple of hours before I complete my internship, but there is still no word from the department.<br /> <br /> "I am worried and desperate because I will be jobless if not placed by tomorrow. I have a family to care for and will not be able to do that."<br /> <br /> He added he had called the ICSP office but, as has happened before, was told they would come back to him.<br /> <br /> The young doctor said he had proof he had applied via the department's website.<br /> <br /> A foreign graduate based in Cape Town said she was supposed to start her internship on Monday.<br /> <br /> She added she was waiting for a mid-year internship allocation after finishing her board exams with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. <br />